report of the action team on global navigation satellite systems (gnss)

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portal could become part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> web site <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Office for Outer Space Affairs, to be maintainedby <strong>the</strong> Office in co-operation with <strong>the</strong> international committee.B. Recommendations regarding institutional framework addressed to <strong>the</strong> UnitedNations Office for Outer Space AffairsInstitutional models and capacity-buildingRecommendation 1. The United Nations should continue to hold regional workshops.552. The United Nations regional workshop series has been helpful to service providers as ameans <strong>of</strong> collecting inputs from users. The workshops have been also useful as a means <strong>of</strong>promoting <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> GNSS and <strong>the</strong>ir augmentations in developing countries. Therefore, <strong>the</strong>workshops should continue in <strong>the</strong> same manner with a focus on user input. Conductingworkshops in connection with well-attended international GNSS meetings may also be desirable.Recommendation 2. Support should be given for <strong>the</strong> establishment <strong>of</strong> national (and perhapseven regional) GNSS planning and co-ordination groups.553. Appropriate organizational models and best practices should also be provided.Recommendation 3. An assessment <strong>of</strong> current institutional models should be commissioned.554. Assess international co-operation and co-ordination, and identify those models withpotential applicability to evolving GNSS systems and services. Careful consideration should begiven to flexible, informal mechanisms and existing organizations that already attempt to provideinformational services for GNSS users.555. There is loose organization at <strong>the</strong> national level with regard to provider-user coordinationand no single organization that assumes end-to-end responsibility for GNSS.Applications are <strong>of</strong>ten fragmented and developments are underfunded. There is a lack <strong>of</strong>knowledge and understanding at high decision-making levels on how to utilise <strong>the</strong> newtechnology and incorporate appropriate processes at <strong>the</strong> organizational level. Clearly, <strong>the</strong>re is aneed to improve communications between service providers and decision-makers to demonstrate<strong>the</strong> cost-effectiveness <strong>of</strong> GNSS technology by showing examples <strong>of</strong> applications and solutions toproblems.556. The main difficulty is to find common interest with specialists in various fields, e.g.aeronautics, marine, land navigation, mobile robots, etc. Efforts are required to unify anapproach to navigation and positioning to optimise synergy that will include many diverseapplications and users.Recommendation 4.Support should be provided for capacity building for GNSS educationand training.557. The regional conferences have identified <strong>the</strong> fact that <strong>the</strong>re are very few experts in thisnew technology, particularly in <strong>the</strong> least developed nations <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> world. This underscores <strong>the</strong>need to:102
• Develop <strong>the</strong> skills and knowledge <strong>of</strong> university educators, researchers and scientiststhrough <strong>the</strong>ory, research, field exercises and pilot projects;• The regional centres for space science and technology education, affiliated with <strong>the</strong>United Nations, should consider including GNSS programs in <strong>the</strong>ir training activities;and• Train <strong>the</strong> final users in <strong>the</strong> multiple GNSS applications to create a critical mass <strong>of</strong> trainedpersonnel at <strong>the</strong> regional and national levels.558. It was also noted that <strong>the</strong>re was a need for publication <strong>of</strong> GNSS-related materials inlanguages o<strong>the</strong>r than English.559. The national, regional and international symposia and o<strong>the</strong>r events on development andapplication <strong>of</strong> modern space technologies organised by national, regional and internationalassociations and organizations could be considered as a way for increasing <strong>the</strong> awareness andqualification to be supported by <strong>the</strong> United Nations (for example, <strong>the</strong> annual symposium in S<strong>of</strong>ia,Bulgaria).Recommendation 5.Help should be given in promoting <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> GNSS.560. The Reports <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> United Nations/United States <strong>of</strong> America regional workshops onGNSS (A/AC.105/771, A/AC.105/776, A/AC.105/785 and Corr.1 and A/AC.105/795) should bedistributed, through <strong>of</strong>ficial United Nations channels, in particular to Governments <strong>of</strong> developingcountries. This would assist in promoting GNSS applications.C. Recommendations specific to GNSS applicationsAviation561. ICAO and its Planning and Implementation Regional Groups (PIRGs) continue todevelop necessary provisions and implementation efforts that could support seamless GNSSguidance for all phases <strong>of</strong> flight and facilitate transition to satellite-based sole navigation service,with due consideration <strong>of</strong> safety <strong>of</strong> flight, technical, operational and economic factors.562. Air navigation service providers are encouraged to move rapidly, in co-ordination withairspace users, with a view to achieving, as soon as possible, worldwide navigation capability toat least approach with vertical guidance (APV) performance. States and airspace users take note<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> available and upcoming SBAS navigation services providing for APV operations and takenecessary steps towards installation and certification <strong>of</strong> SBAS capable avionics.563. States that develop and introduce satellite-based augmentation systems and o<strong>the</strong>r SBASservice providers are encouraged to provide <strong>the</strong>ir technical and financial support and participationin <strong>the</strong> activities leading to <strong>the</strong> extension <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir SBAS service areas into neighbouring States andregions. States participating in SBAS implementation activities co-ordinate with o<strong>the</strong>rparticipating States to optimize <strong>the</strong>ir effort, minimize duplication <strong>of</strong> service and facilitateparticipation <strong>of</strong> service providers.Recommendation 1.Research should be encouraged into <strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong> ionosphericmodels, including measurements related to GNSS, as also <strong>the</strong> exchange<strong>of</strong> related information.103
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REPORT OF THE ACTION TEAM ONGLOBAL
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This document has not been formally
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CONTENTSIntroduction ..............
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REPORT OF THE ACTION TEAMON GLOBAL
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Product4. The product of</s
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II.OVERVIEW OF PLANNED AND EXISTING
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virtually every facet of</s
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27. Time and frequency disseminatio
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Service Availability Standard39. Th
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Table 1-4. Service Reliability Stan
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50. The GPS Control Segment (CS) is
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Service Availability Standard62. Th
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71. The GPS Navigation Message cons
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the Board, mainly
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• Vertical :• Velocity:• User
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• The network of
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126. The EU and ESA have concluded
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• The Search and Rescue Service (
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invitation to tender to this effect
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2. EGNOS169. As previously mentione
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183. Three phases have been identif
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an air navigation service dedicated
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• Aviation: a representative desi
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222. The information is openly avai
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234. The United Nations Office for
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• Provide consultancy and advice
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255. Methods to compare distant clo
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measurements are used to evaluate <
Page 57 and 58: market can begin to develop. That a
Page 59 and 60: Nations and voluntary contributions
Page 61 and 62: IV.GNSS APPLICATIONSA. General appl
Page 63 and 64: 317. Agricultural applications incl
Page 65 and 66: 326. The regional activity in <stro
Page 67 and 68: GNSS SBAS-WAAS trials in th
Page 69 and 70: 356. Other activit
Page 71 and 72: with respect to the</strong
Page 73 and 74: 379. Argentina has at present a “
Page 75 and 76: Brazilian Continuous GPS Network (R
Page 77 and 78: all mapping-related works in <stron
Page 79 and 80: monitoring, national reference <str
Page 81 and 82: Programs: B.Sc/M.Sc/Ph.D. in geomat
Page 83 and 84: • University of
Page 85 and 86: V. NEEDS AND CONCERNS OF DEVELOPING
Page 87 and 88: Surveying, Mapping, Land Use• Pre
Page 89 and 90: include Special Implementation Proj
Page 91 and 92: VI.EXISTING TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES
Page 93 and 94: 465. Many other GN
Page 95 and 96: • Theory and practice of<
Page 97 and 98: D. GNSS training opportunities <str
Page 99 and 100: VII.INSTITUTIONAL MODELS FOR INTERN
Page 101 and 102: Environment Programme (UNEP), and <
Page 103 and 104: appropriate national security reaso
Page 105 and 106: VIII.RECOMMENDATIONS541. A number <
Page 107: for Outer Space Affairs, developmen
Page 111 and 112: Recommendation 2. The development <
Page 113 and 114: 583. The need to develop th
Page 115 and 116: 589. Project 2:Pilot Projects (4 pr
Page 117 and 118: Annex I: Indian universities, resea
Page 119 and 120: University/researchinstitute/compan
Page 121 and 122: Annex III: Italian universities and
Page 123 and 124: Annex IV: Italian non-governmental
Page 125 and 126: Annex IV: Italian non-governmental
Page 127 and 128: APPENDIXList of we
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