report of the action team on global navigation satellite systems (gnss)

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• Facilitation <strong>of</strong> GPS spectrum band licensing under <strong>the</strong> Radiocommunications Act; and• Maintenance <strong>of</strong> links with <strong>the</strong> United States to contribute to co-operation on GPS, andwith <strong>the</strong> European Union to keep abreast <strong>of</strong> developments with <strong>the</strong> proposed GALILEOsystem.527. The national strategic policy on satellite navigation “Positioning for <strong>the</strong> Future”, whichwas developed by <strong>the</strong> AGCC, is aimed at obtaining <strong>the</strong> best and most efficient use from GNSStechnology. The policy is based upon eight principles:• National coverage;• Safety;• Efficiency, economic and social benefits;• Industry development;• Flexibility <strong>of</strong> policy and strategy;• Appropriate standards;• Benefits to <strong>the</strong> environment; and• National security.528. The AGCC has recently been reviewed after its first three years <strong>of</strong> operation. TheCommittee will continue its work with some minor amendments to its terms <strong>of</strong> reference andmembership (Department <strong>of</strong> Transport and Regional Services, Canberra, Australia, November2003).B. User support and information dissemination529. The need for a link between users, equipment manufacturers, service providers and coresystem providers was highlighted in several <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> regional workshop <strong>report</strong>s and in <strong>the</strong>deliberations that occurred during <strong>the</strong> international expert meetings on GNSS held in Vienna in2002 and 2003. The objective is to increase awareness among users, provide information that iscritical to users with respect to GNSS service provision, and to ensure that core system providerstake into account user feedback.530. The type <strong>of</strong> information that needs to be relayed from service providers to users includes,but is not limited to <strong>the</strong> following:• Dissemination <strong>of</strong> GNSS system status information such as satellite health and satellitemaintenance and testing schedules — scheduled and unscheduled satellite outages within<strong>the</strong> core GNSS architecture have a direct impact on <strong>the</strong> level <strong>of</strong> service that is availablefor a given GNSS application. Predictive tools exist in some application sectors such asaviation that can allow users to determine when poor service availability is likely and<strong>the</strong>n plan accordingly; and• Provision <strong>of</strong> timely notification <strong>of</strong> service denial or degradation through intentional orunintentional interference is critical. The dependency <strong>of</strong> users on GNSS is comparableto, if not greater than, o<strong>the</strong>r familiar services and utilities such as telecommunication andelectrical services. The intentional disruption <strong>of</strong> GNSS services could, <strong>the</strong>refore, posegreat risks to users that could lead to life-threatening situations. Such intentionaldisruptions could be hostile in nature, or <strong>the</strong>y could be <strong>the</strong> result <strong>of</strong> necessary <strong>action</strong>staken by sovereign nations whose national security may be at risk from <strong>the</strong> potentiallyhostile use <strong>of</strong> GNSS by o<strong>the</strong>r nations or terrorists. Such denials <strong>of</strong> service, even for96
appropriate national security reasons, can potentially jeopardise <strong>the</strong> safety <strong>of</strong> civil users.Therefore, users could benefit from a mechanism that allows for timely notification <strong>of</strong>local and/or regional service denial.Implementation mechanism531. User information centres should be established by each individual service provider. Themaintenance <strong>of</strong> a globally focused web site would be a major task <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se centres.532. For GPS, <strong>the</strong> Navigation Information Service managed by <strong>the</strong> United States Coast GuardNavigation Center is <strong>the</strong> primary means <strong>of</strong> disseminating information to civil users. This isprimarily accomplished through a web site that includes links to many sources <strong>of</strong> GPSinformation.533. For GLONASS, similar web sites exist that are managed by <strong>the</strong> Russian Military and <strong>the</strong>Russian Aviation and Space Agency (Rosaviakosmos).534. Similarly, <strong>the</strong> EC also provides a web-based portal for <strong>the</strong> GALILEO project.535. Regionally focused web pages would be <strong>the</strong> responsibility <strong>of</strong> selected regional or nationalpoints <strong>of</strong> contact.536. Dissemination <strong>of</strong> information among users <strong>the</strong>mselves can also be improved byorganising national GNSS user groups as providers <strong>of</strong> input to <strong>the</strong> consolidated web site. Existinguser groups with government sponsorship include <strong>the</strong> United States Civil GPS Service InterfaceCommittee. Industry groups include <strong>the</strong> United States GPS Industry Council, Japan GPS Council,and <strong>the</strong> Scandinavian GNSS Industry Council. The federated web-based information system <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> International GPS Service serves <strong>the</strong> scientific and research community, as well as highaccuracyusers <strong>of</strong> any category.537. This web-based information resource should probably take advantage <strong>of</strong> existing websites, such as those previously mentioned, to <strong>the</strong> maximum extent possible. However, since <strong>the</strong>resource will be used by all nations <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> world and <strong>the</strong>ir GNSS user communities, great carewill need to be taken to ensure that <strong>the</strong> information available is easy to access for all. This willrequire web site design or re-design that includes options for text only to allow usable access tothose with low data transmission rates. Translation <strong>of</strong> as many documents and materials aspossible included in <strong>the</strong> nested set <strong>of</strong> web sites should also be considered.538. The United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs could combine all <strong>the</strong> web sites into asingle site to act as portal for any user <strong>of</strong> any GNSS service or regional component <strong>of</strong> a service.C. Identification <strong>of</strong> users’ needs and desires regarding GNSS539. Collection <strong>of</strong> information from <strong>the</strong> user community could be implemented by <strong>the</strong>following means:• With help <strong>of</strong> information exchange based on <strong>the</strong> means <strong>of</strong> an international GNSS userinformation centre; and• Based on <strong>the</strong> regional workshops with participation by representatives <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> internationalcommittee.97
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REPORT OF THE ACTION TEAM ONGLOBAL
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This document has not been formally
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CONTENTSIntroduction ..............
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REPORT OF THE ACTION TEAMON GLOBAL
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Product4. The product of</s
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II.OVERVIEW OF PLANNED AND EXISTING
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virtually every facet of</s
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27. Time and frequency disseminatio
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Service Availability Standard39. Th
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Table 1-4. Service Reliability Stan
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50. The GPS Control Segment (CS) is
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Service Availability Standard62. Th
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71. The GPS Navigation Message cons
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the Board, mainly
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• Vertical :• Velocity:• User
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• The network of
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126. The EU and ESA have concluded
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• The Search and Rescue Service (
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invitation to tender to this effect
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2. EGNOS169. As previously mentione
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183. Three phases have been identif
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an air navigation service dedicated
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• Aviation: a representative desi
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222. The information is openly avai
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234. The United Nations Office for
Page 51 and 52: • Provide consultancy and advice
Page 53 and 54: 255. Methods to compare distant clo
Page 55 and 56: measurements are used to evaluate <
Page 57 and 58: market can begin to develop. That a
Page 59 and 60: Nations and voluntary contributions
Page 61 and 62: IV.GNSS APPLICATIONSA. General appl
Page 63 and 64: 317. Agricultural applications incl
Page 65 and 66: 326. The regional activity in <stro
Page 67 and 68: GNSS SBAS-WAAS trials in th
Page 69 and 70: 356. Other activit
Page 71 and 72: with respect to the</strong
Page 73 and 74: 379. Argentina has at present a “
Page 75 and 76: Brazilian Continuous GPS Network (R
Page 77 and 78: all mapping-related works in <stron
Page 79 and 80: monitoring, national reference <str
Page 81 and 82: Programs: B.Sc/M.Sc/Ph.D. in geomat
Page 83 and 84: • University of
Page 85 and 86: V. NEEDS AND CONCERNS OF DEVELOPING
Page 87 and 88: Surveying, Mapping, Land Use• Pre
Page 89 and 90: include Special Implementation Proj
Page 91 and 92: VI.EXISTING TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES
Page 93 and 94: 465. Many other GN
Page 95 and 96: • Theory and practice of<
Page 97 and 98: D. GNSS training opportunities <str
Page 99 and 100: VII.INSTITUTIONAL MODELS FOR INTERN
Page 101: Environment Programme (UNEP), and <
Page 105 and 106: VIII.RECOMMENDATIONS541. A number <
Page 107 and 108: for Outer Space Affairs, developmen
Page 109 and 110: • Develop the sk
Page 111 and 112: Recommendation 2. The development <
Page 113 and 114: 583. The need to develop th
Page 115 and 116: 589. Project 2:Pilot Projects (4 pr
Page 117 and 118: Annex I: Indian universities, resea
Page 119 and 120: University/researchinstitute/compan
Page 121 and 122: Annex III: Italian universities and
Page 123 and 124: Annex IV: Italian non-governmental
Page 125 and 126: Annex IV: Italian non-governmental
Page 127 and 128: APPENDIXList of we
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report of the action team on global navigation satellite systems (gnss)

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