report of the action team on global navigation satellite systems (gnss)

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• To ensure continuity and integrity <strong>of</strong> GNSS services and augmentations, operators shouldtake steps with national administrations to protect against interference with national andregional infrastructures (e.g. satellites or ground stations);• To ensure continuous reception <strong>of</strong> GNSS services, all nations should consider, as a matter<strong>of</strong> priority, <strong>the</strong> protection <strong>of</strong> radio spectrum allocated for GNSS services frominterference, both domestically and internationally;• Mechanisms to receive feedback from users should be enhanced. It is essential to developappropriate security mechanisms to prevent hostile use <strong>of</strong> civil GNSS services in areas <strong>of</strong>conflict without degrading civil service on a global basis. Core GNSS components suchas GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO and augmentations (local, regional or global) must betaken into account.517. In order to collectively discuss each <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se recommendations and to identify <strong>action</strong>s forimplementation, <strong>the</strong> establishment <strong>of</strong> a service provider co-operation mechanism such as aninternational committee on GNSS, could be established. This would be achieved through amultilateral arrangement between <strong>the</strong> governments and/or organizations that currently provide orplan to provide global GNSS services and maintain corresponding infrastructure, i.e. <strong>the</strong> RussianFederation, <strong>the</strong> United States and <strong>the</strong> European Union.518. The international committee could also include current and future providers <strong>of</strong> regionalaugmentation systems. In addition to <strong>the</strong> objectives above <strong>the</strong> international committee shouldlook into ways <strong>of</strong> optimising compatibility, interoperability, availability and reliability <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> coresystems. Among o<strong>the</strong>r things, it could facilitate information exchanges among GNSS providerson system modernisation and development to ensure compatibility and interoperability. Theinternational committee should also identify mechanisms for and implementation <strong>of</strong> measures toprotect <strong>the</strong> reliability and integrity <strong>of</strong> signals at <strong>the</strong> national, regional and global levels; and coordinatemodernisation and development activities to meet user needs, particularly in <strong>the</strong>developing world.519. Since compatibility and interoperability are highly dependent on <strong>the</strong> establishment <strong>of</strong>standards for service provision and user equipment, standard setting will be ano<strong>the</strong>r topic that <strong>the</strong>international committee would need to address. However, it should avoid efforts to set standardsitself and should instead look for applications where no standards currently exist, such as landtransport, and recommend possible organizations that could appropriately set new standards.Consultation with existing standard-setting bodies such as <strong>the</strong> International Civil AviationOrganization (ICAO), <strong>the</strong> International Maritime Organization (IMO), <strong>the</strong> InternationalTelecommunication Union (ITU) and <strong>the</strong> International Organization for Standardization (ISO)will also be required. In addition, <strong>the</strong> Office for Outer Space Affairs, through <strong>the</strong> United NationsProgramme on Space Applications, could play a useful role in demonstrating to developingcountries <strong>the</strong> practical benefits <strong>of</strong> GNSS and assisting <strong>the</strong> international committee in integratingGNSS into infrastructures <strong>of</strong> developing countries.520. The following membership could be envisaged for <strong>the</strong> international committee:(a) Core GNSS system providers and developers/customers <strong>of</strong> GPS, GLONASS andGALILEO;(b) Global user organizations such as <strong>the</strong> International GPS Service (IGS) <strong>the</strong>World Meteorological Organization (WMO), <strong>the</strong> United Nations94
Environment Programme (UNEP), and <strong>the</strong> secretariat for InternationalStrategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR).(c) Providers <strong>of</strong> augmentation systems such as WAAS, EGNOS, GAGAN, MSAS and <strong>the</strong>Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS).521. Preparation <strong>of</strong> major user equipment suppliers in <strong>the</strong> international committee sessionsmay benefit in fur<strong>the</strong>r GNSS applications.National and regional planning and governance522. Establishing national and/or regional planning groups for GNSS that would addressregulations, user needs and so on is clearly an important objective. Many countries are searchingfor an organizational model to use at <strong>the</strong> national level for co-ordinating and governing GNSSuse. The existing GNSS service providers or new entities could be used as such co-ordinatingbodies. In some cases, various science and transport authorities (e.g. air navigation serviceproviders) could lead <strong>the</strong> coordinating bodies.523. The regional centres for space science and technology education affiliated with <strong>the</strong>United Nations are possible entities that could be given <strong>the</strong> task, in conjunction with <strong>the</strong> proposedinternational committee on GNSS, <strong>of</strong> GNSS planning and organization at <strong>the</strong> regional level.However, due to lack <strong>of</strong> resources, some governments might have to consider delegating <strong>the</strong>responsibility <strong>of</strong> co-ordinating <strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong> relevant national navigation infrastructure to<strong>the</strong> existing service providers.Australian GNSS Coordination Committee524. The Australian Government Minister for Transport and Regional Services, <strong>the</strong> Hon. JohnAnderson MP, established <strong>the</strong> Australian GNSS Coordination Committee (AGCC,www.agcc.gov.au) in May 2000. The Committee provides advice and recommendations to <strong>the</strong>Government on GNSS implementation. The Committee’s terms <strong>of</strong> reference call for it to:• Co-ordinate all land, sea and air aspects <strong>of</strong> GNSS;• Promote <strong>the</strong> safe and effective utilisation and development <strong>of</strong> GNSS in Australia; and• Co-ordinate national security issues, <strong>the</strong> application <strong>of</strong> augmentation systems, and <strong>the</strong>national use <strong>of</strong> GNSS in non-transport applications.525. Membership is drawn from a range <strong>of</strong> users and providers across <strong>the</strong> following sectors:aviation, defense, emergency services, land and maritime transport, academia, communications,timing, geomatics and geophysics, security and industry providers.526. Some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Committee’s achievements have been:• Development <strong>of</strong> Australia’s strategic policy on satellite navigation, Positioning for <strong>the</strong>Future, which was launched by <strong>the</strong> Minister for Transport and Regional services inAugust 2002;• Initiation <strong>of</strong> <strong>action</strong> to ban GPS jamming devices in Australia;• A study into <strong>the</strong> potential for interference to civil GNSS applications by sources such asUHF television transmissions;• A study into GNSS usage and needs in agriculture;95
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REPORT OF THE ACTION TEAM ONGLOBAL
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This document has not been formally
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CONTENTSIntroduction ..............
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REPORT OF THE ACTION TEAMON GLOBAL
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Product4. The product of</s
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II.OVERVIEW OF PLANNED AND EXISTING
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virtually every facet of</s
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27. Time and frequency disseminatio
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Service Availability Standard39. Th
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Table 1-4. Service Reliability Stan
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50. The GPS Control Segment (CS) is
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Service Availability Standard62. Th
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71. The GPS Navigation Message cons
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the Board, mainly
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• Vertical :• Velocity:• User
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• The network of
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126. The EU and ESA have concluded
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• The Search and Rescue Service (
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invitation to tender to this effect
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2. EGNOS169. As previously mentione
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183. Three phases have been identif
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an air navigation service dedicated
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• Aviation: a representative desi
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222. The information is openly avai
Page 49 and 50: 234. The United Nations Office for
Page 51 and 52: • Provide consultancy and advice
Page 53 and 54: 255. Methods to compare distant clo
Page 55 and 56: measurements are used to evaluate <
Page 57 and 58: market can begin to develop. That a
Page 59 and 60: Nations and voluntary contributions
Page 61 and 62: IV.GNSS APPLICATIONSA. General appl
Page 63 and 64: 317. Agricultural applications incl
Page 65 and 66: 326. The regional activity in <stro
Page 67 and 68: GNSS SBAS-WAAS trials in th
Page 69 and 70: 356. Other activit
Page 71 and 72: with respect to the</strong
Page 73 and 74: 379. Argentina has at present a “
Page 75 and 76: Brazilian Continuous GPS Network (R
Page 77 and 78: all mapping-related works in <stron
Page 79 and 80: monitoring, national reference <str
Page 81 and 82: Programs: B.Sc/M.Sc/Ph.D. in geomat
Page 83 and 84: • University of
Page 85 and 86: V. NEEDS AND CONCERNS OF DEVELOPING
Page 87 and 88: Surveying, Mapping, Land Use• Pre
Page 89 and 90: include Special Implementation Proj
Page 91 and 92: VI.EXISTING TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES
Page 93 and 94: 465. Many other GN
Page 95 and 96: • Theory and practice of<
Page 97 and 98: D. GNSS training opportunities <str
Page 99: VII.INSTITUTIONAL MODELS FOR INTERN
Page 103 and 104: appropriate national security reaso
Page 105 and 106: VIII.RECOMMENDATIONS541. A number <
Page 107 and 108: for Outer Space Affairs, developmen
Page 109 and 110: • Develop the sk
Page 111 and 112: Recommendation 2. The development <
Page 113 and 114: 583. The need to develop th
Page 115 and 116: 589. Project 2:Pilot Projects (4 pr
Page 117 and 118: Annex I: Indian universities, resea
Page 119 and 120: University/researchinstitute/compan
Page 121 and 122: Annex III: Italian universities and
Page 123 and 124: Annex IV: Italian non-governmental
Page 125 and 126: Annex IV: Italian non-governmental
Page 127 and 128: APPENDIXList of we
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report of the action team on global navigation satellite systems (gnss)

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