Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey ... - Measure DHS

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Table 6.2—ContinuedRefusing tohave sexualintercourseWomen: Wife is justified in:RefusingsexualAsking intercoursethat they or askinguse a that they usecondom a condomRefusing tohave sexualintercourseMen: Wife is justified in:RefusingsexualAsking intercoursethat they or askinguse a that they usecondom a condomBackgroundcharacteristicNumber ofwomenRegion/IslandArusha 77.9 58.3 79.9 383 89.3 84.6 92.6 262Dar es Salaam 91.0 87.6 97.2 797 91.9 83.5 96.6 580Dodoma 79.7 80.7 88.4 338 81.4 86.6 92.7 255Iringa 72.0 72.8 87.2 403 73.6 73.6 85.3 286Kagera 85.8 79.9 91.7 495 76.3 80.7 86.4 397Kigoma 93.5 77.7 95.5 414 91.3 80.0 94.4 292Kilimanjaro 85.9 83.7 96.4 379 88.3 88.2 94.4 271Lindi 85.8 85.6 94.1 246 95.6 88.4 97.8 164Manyara 86.5 50.9 87.5 263 91.4 72.9 92.7 203Mara 84.0 80.7 91.9 368 81.3 77.6 88.8 243Mbeya 76.3 65.2 90.7 581 82.1 73.8 90.8 496Morogoro 81.3 81.2 92.7 436 83.0 82.1 88.6 340Mtwara 80.4 81.5 91.1 324 90.7 87.5 94.7 209Mwanza 85.5 78.0 90.0 833 84.4 84.9 91.9 608Pwani 82.5 87.8 92.7 203 90.4 80.6 93.1 119Rukwa 67.3 56.9 80.0 314 80.0 80.4 89.9 264Ruvuma 78.0 85.3 92.6 372 82.2 86.7 92.3 287Shinyanga 83.4 63.7 87.4 750 84.5 73.1 90.6 633Singida 80.8 66.9 90.9 194 82.6 76.6 91.3 153Tabora 92.2 80.3 95.3 518 91.5 79.8 94.4 404Tanga 86.1 85.9 94.1 424 92.1 92.7 98.0 298Pemba 69.9 53.3 75.5 94 79.5 63.1 86.9 63Unguja 71.6 66.7 82.2 214 84.4 69.0 91.4 148ZoneWestern 88.6 72.3 91.8 1,682 88.1 76.7 92.6 1,328Northern 83.9 71.7 89.7 1,449 90.3 85.6 94.6 1,034Central 80.1 75.7 89.3 532 81.9 82.9 92.2 408Southern Highlands 72.8 65.5 87.0 1,297 79.2 75.4 89.0 1,046Lake 85.2 79.2 90.9 1,696 81.2 82.1 89.5 1,249Eastern 86.8 85.7 95.2 1,436 88.8 82.7 93.6 1,038Southern 80.9 84.1 92.4 942 88.2 87.4 94.4 660Zanzibar 71.1 62.6 80.2 309 83.0 67.3 90.1 212EducationNo education 77.9 64.3 84.7 1,983 80.8 69.0 86.9 829Primary incomplete 77.4 68.7 86.4 1,517 78.6 76.3 87.1 1,534Primary complete 85.5 81.0 93.8 4,945 87.6 83.7 94.0 3,597Secondary + 89.3 82.5 94.3 898 92.1 86.6 96.9 1,016Wealth quintileLowest 77.9 66.6 85.6 1,700 80.9 71.9 87.3 1,173Second 81.4 70.3 88.4 1,634 83.8 78.9 91.0 1,411Middle 82.0 75.8 91.6 1,757 83.3 83.1 91.4 1,322Fourth 83.2 78.7 92.1 1,867 85.9 81.9 92.8 1,395Highest 88.1 83.3 94.3 2,384 91.3 85.8 96.2 1,670Total 15-49 83.0 75.6 90.7 9,343 85.5 80.8 92.0 6,975Number ofmenFigure 6.1 Attitudes Towards Women’s Ability toNegotiate Safer Sex if Husband Has an STD808386768191926040200Justified inrefusing tohave sex100 Percent Women MenJustified inasking touse condomJustified inrefusing sex or askingto use condomTHMIS 2007-08Attitudes Relating to HIV/AIDS | 69
6.3 ATTITUDES OF ADULTS TOWARDS EDUCATING CHILDREN ABOUT CONDOM USE TOPREVENT AIDSEducating youths about condom use can be controversial, with some saying it promotes earlysexual experimentation, despite the fact that condom use has long been one of the main strategies forcombating the spread of sexually transmitted infections including HIV. To assess attitudes towardscondom education, THMIS 2007-08 respondents were asked if they thought that children age 12-14years should be taught about using a condom to avoid HIV. Results are shown in Table 6.3. Althoughall respondents age 15-49 were asked the question—because the aim was to ascertain adult opinion—results were tabulated only for respondents age 18-49.The data in Table 6.3 indicate that about six in ten women and men age 18-49 years agree thatchildren 12-14 years should be taught about using a condom to avoid HIV infection, with menshowing higher approval (64 percent) than women (58 percent). Across age groups, younger womenare more likely to approve of teaching children about condom use than older women, while for men,there is no such age difference. Interestingly, while urban women are more likely than rural women toapprove of condom use education for youth, the reverse is true for men. However, there is asubstantial difference of opinion between Mainland and Zanzibar, with 59 percent of women and 65percent of men in Mainland Tanzania supporting condom use education for youth, compared withonly 22 percent of women and 33 percent of men in Zanzibar. A positive correlation exists betweenthe approval of teaching children about using condoms and wealth quintile among women, but notamong men.70 | Attitudes Relating to HIV/AIDS
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TanzaniaHIV/AIDS and MalariaIndicat
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The 2007-08 Tanzania HIV/AIDS and M
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3.5 Access to Mass Media ..........
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12.2 Orphans and Vulnerable Childre
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Table 4.3Table 4.4Table 4.5Table 4.
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Figure 9.2 HIV Prevlence by Region/
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FOREWORDThis report presents the ma
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SUMMARY OF FINDINGSThe 2007-08 Tanz
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HIV prevalence among youth (women a
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xxii | Map of Tanzania
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1.2 NATIONAL POLICY ON HIV/AIDSIn r
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To assess levels and trends in know
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1.8 FIELDWORKData collection was ca
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Table 1.1 Results of the household
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Figure 2.1 presents a graphic pictu
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Table 2.3.1 Educational attainment
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Educational attainment is higher in
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2.5.1 Energy SourcesTable 2.5 prese
Page 41 and 42: The most common items are agricultu
Page 43 and 44: The 2007-08 THMIS included aquestio
Page 45 and 46: Table 3.1—ContinuedBackgroundchar
Page 47 and 48: Education is positively related to
Page 49 and 50: Table 3.3.2 Employment status: MenP
Page 51 and 52: Table 3.4.1 Exposure to mass media:
Page 53 and 54: 3.6 CURRENT MARITAL STATUSMarriage
Page 55 and 56: Polygyny also varies by household w
Page 57 and 58: Four in ten women age 20-49 marry b
Page 59 and 60: There is a positive relationship be
Page 62 and 63: FERTILITY AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 4
Page 64 and 65: Table 4.2 Fertility by background c
Page 66 and 67: infertility, 1 or the inability to
Page 68 and 69: 4.3 ADOLESCENT FERTILITYAdolescent
Page 70 and 71: Table 4.7 Antenatal carePercent dis
Page 72: Table 4.8 Place of antenatal carePe
Page 75 and 76: Table 5.1 Knowledge of AIDSPercenta
Page 77 and 78: The use of condoms as an effective
Page 79 and 80: Table 5.3.2 Comprehensive knowledge
Page 81 and 82: more education) and those in the fo
Page 83 and 84: Table 5.5.1 Exposure to HIV educati
Page 85 and 86: 5.6 KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE CONCERNI
Page 87 and 88: Table 5.6.2 Knowledge and attitudes
Page 89 and 90: Table 6.1.1 Accepting attitudes tow
Page 91: Stigma is also found to vary with l
Page 96 and 97: HIV/AIDS-RELATED BEHAVIOUR 77.1 INT
Page 98 and 99: Table 7.2.1 Recent sexual activity:
Page 100 and 101: Figure 7.1 Recent Sexual Intercours
Page 102 and 103: Table 7.3.2 Multiple sexual partner
Page 104 and 105: Table 7.4 Payment for sexual interc
Page 106 and 107: Table 7.5.1 Coverage of prior HIV t
Page 108 and 109: Figure 7.2 Prior HIV Testing by Edu
Page 110 and 111: 7.7 PREVALENCE OF SEXUALLY TRANSMIT
Page 112 and 113: Figure 7.3 Prevalence of STIs and S
Page 114: Table 7.8 Prevalence of medical inj
Page 117 and 118: Table 8.1 Comprehensive knowledge a
Page 119 and 120: Table 8.2 Age at first sexual inter
Page 121 and 122: Never-married women and men age 15-
Page 123 and 124: Figure 8.3 Condom Use at Premarital
Page 125 and 126: Table 8.5.2 Higher-risk sexual inte
Page 127 and 128: Table 8.6 Age-mixing in sexual rela
Page 129 and 130: 8.9 HIV TESTING AMONG YOUNG PEOPLEK
Page 132 and 133: HIV PREVALENCE 99.1 INTRODUCTIONPri
Page 134 and 135: Table 9.1 Coverage of HIV testing b
Page 136 and 137: Table 9.1—ContinuedBackgroundchar
Page 138 and 139: Table 9.3 HIV prevalence by ageAmon
Page 140 and 141: There are large variations in HIV p
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Table 9.5 shows that men who are cu
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Women who said they had higher-risk
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Table 9.8 shows data on HIV prevale
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Table 9.11 HIV prevalence by male c
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INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY 1010.1 I
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As expected, the level of infant an
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category (1.41) is 41 percent highe
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11.1 OWNERSHIP AND USE OF MOSQUITO
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carrying mosquitoes. Much of the fi
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11.2 USE OF ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS DURI
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11.3 TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WITH FEV
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11.4.1 Type and Timing of Antimalar
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11.4.2 Availability of Drug at Home
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11.6 SOURCE OF MOSQUITO NETSUntil l
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In spite of steady increases in ITN
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ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN 12P
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12.2 ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDRE
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12.3.1 School Attendance by Survivo
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While there are no differences in p
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Table 12.7 Widows dispossessed of p
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Table 12.9 External support for orp
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REFERENCESAgot, K.E., J.O. Ndinya-A
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SAMPLE IMPLEMENTATIONAPPENDIX AAppe
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Table A.2 Sample implementation: Me
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Table A.4 Coverage of HIV testing a
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Table A.6 Coverage of HIV testing a
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where h represents the stratum whic
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Table B.2 Sampling errors for Natio
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Table B.4 Sampling errors for Rural
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Table B.6 Sampling errors for Mainl
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Table B.8 Sampling errors for Mainl
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Table B.10 Sampling errors for Zanz
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Table B.12 Sampling errors for Nort
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Table B.14 Sampling errors for Sout
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Table B.16 Sampling errors for East
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Table B.18 Sampling errors for Dodo
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Table B.20 Sampling errors for Kili
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Table B.22 Sampling errors for Moro
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Table B.24 Sampling errors for Dar
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Table B.26 Sampling errors for Mtwa
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Table B.28 Sampling errors for Irin
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Table B.30 Sampling errors for Sing
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Table B.32 Sampling errors for Rukw
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Table B.34 Sampling errors for Shin
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Table B.36 Sampling errors for Mwan
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Table B.38 Sampling errors for Many
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Table B.40 Sampling errors for Pemb
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216 | Appendix B
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Joyce MbambaYulitha MwakasoleRemigi
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QUESTIONNAIRESAppendix DAppendix D
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULEIntroduction and
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IF AGE 0-17 YEARSIF AGE 5 YEARS OR
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IF AGE 0-17 YEARSLINE SICK CARE SUR
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HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICSNO. QUESTI
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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SUPPORT FOR SICK PEOPLENO. QUESTION
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSSUPPORT FOR
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSCODING CATE
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CHILD 4 CHILD 5 CHILD 6502 LINE NUM
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515 CHECK 509:NUMBER OF CHILDREN WI
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UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIATANZANIA
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213 214 215 216217 218219 220221222
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LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH SECON
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LASTSEXUAL PARTNERSECOND-TO-LASTSEX
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SECTION 7 - HIV TESTTHIS PAGE TO BE
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