Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey ... - Measure DHS

Stigma is also found to vary with level of education; data show that women and men with noeducation and those with incomplete primary level are less likely to have positive attitudes towardspeople with HIV and AIDS than those with higher levels of education. People in the lowest wealthquintiles are more likely found to have negative attitudes towards people with HIV and AIDS comparedwith those in the higher wealth quintiles.6.2 ATTITUDES TOWARDS NEGOTIATING SAFER SEXKnowledge about HIV transmission and ways to prevent it are of little use if people feelpowerless to negotiate safer sex practices with their partners. Thus, attitudes about the acceptability ofnegotiating safer sex practices with partners were probed in the 2007-08 THMIS. Respondents wereasked if they think a wife is justified in refusing to have sex with her husband when she knows he hasa disease that can be transmitted through sexual contact. They were also asked whether a woman inthe same circumstances would be justified in asking her husband to use a condom.As shown in Table 6.2 and Figure 6.1, about nine in ten women and men believe that if ahusband has a sexually transmitted disease, his wife is justified in either refusing to have sexualintercourse with him or asking that they use a condom. This attitude is uniformly high across almostall background characteristics, with somewhat lower levels among respondents who have never marriedor never had sex and among women in Arusha and Rukwa.There are small differences by level of education and wealth quintile that show greateracceptance of a woman’s ability to negotiate safer sex with increasing education and wealth quintile.Minor urban-rural differences indicate that women and men in urban areas are more likely than thosein rural areas to believe in women’s sexual negotiation rights.Table 6.2 Attitudes towards negotiating safer sexual relations with husbandPercentage of women and men age 15-49 who believe that if a husband has a sexually transmitted disease his wife is justified in refusingto have sexual intercourse with him, or in asking that they use a condom, by background characteristics, Tanzania HMIS 2007-08BackgroundcharacteristicRefusing tohave sexualintercourseWomen: Wife is justified in:RefusingsexualAsking intercoursethat they or askinguse a that they usecondom a condomNumber ofwomenRefusing tohave sexualintercourseMen: Wife is justified in:RefusingsexualAsking intercoursethat they or askinguse a that they usecondom a condomNumber ofmenAge15-24 78.4 72.2 87.1 3,730 79.3 76.4 87.2 2,91615-19 73.9 66.6 82.9 1,984 74.9 72.5 83.9 1,76820-24 83.5 78.6 91.8 1,746 86.1 82.5 92.2 1,14825-29 85.5 81.2 93.7 1,603 86.5 85.3 94.9 1,00430-39 86.9 77.8 93.4 2,521 91.3 85.8 96.3 1,84640-49 85.1 74.4 92.0 1,488 90.5 79.7 94.8 1,210Marital statusNever married 75.3 69.5 84.0 2,214 79.2 76.1 87.1 2,931Ever had sex 84.3 84.0 94.5 983 87.4 85.9 94.0 1,525Never had sex 68.2 57.9 75.6 1,231 70.3 65.5 79.5 1,406Married/living together 85.0 76.9 92.5 5,983 90.1 83.8 95.7 3,701Divorced/separated/widowed 87.1 80.7 94.2 1,147 89.5 87.8 95.5 343ResidenceUrban 88.1 84.2 94.9 2,459 90.2 84.5 95.8 1,699Rural 81.1 72.6 89.2 6,884 83.9 79.6 90.8 5,276Mainland/ZanzibarMainland 83.4 76.1 91.1 9,034 85.5 81.2 92.1 6,763Mainland – UrbanDar es Salaam City 90.9 87.5 97.1 762 92.4 83.0 96.7 548Other Urban 87.3 83.3 94.2 1,591 89.4 86.7 95.7 1,079Mainland – Rural 81.6 73.0 89.6 6,681 84.0 79.8 90.9 5,136Zanzibar 71.1 62.6 80.2 309 83.0 67.3 90.1 212Continued…68 | Attitudes Relating to HIV/AIDS