Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey ... - Measure DHS

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Table 6.1.2 Accepting attitudes towards those living with HIV/AIDS: MenAmong men age 15-49 who have heard of HIV/AIDS, percentage expressing specific accepting attitudes towards people withHIV/AIDS, by background characteristics, Tanzania HMIS 2007-08Are willing tocare for a familymember with theAIDS virus in therespondent'shomePercentage of men who:Would buy freshvegetables fromshopkeeper whohas the AIDSvirusSay that a femaleteacher with theAIDS virus and isnot sick shouldbe allowed tocontinueteachingWould not wantto keep secretthat a familymember gotinfected with theAIDS virusPercentageexpressingacceptingattitudes on allfour indicatorsNumber ofmen whohave heardof AIDSBackgroundcharacteristicAge15-24 90.8 60.9 73.4 55.9 30.9 2,85815-19 87.9 56.8 73.4 52.6 26.9 1,72020-24 95.2 67.1 73.5 60.7 36.9 1,13925-29 94.1 67.2 76.6 63.9 41.0 99830-39 96.5 69.4 76.1 60.2 37.1 1,83740-49 95.3 65.7 77.8 59.5 35.1 1,204Marital statusNever married 90.4 62.3 75.1 56.9 33.0 2,868Ever had sex 92.4 65.5 76.8 58.6 35.4 1,512Never had sex 88.1 58.6 73.3 55.1 30.4 1,356Married/living together 95.8 67.3 75.6 60.7 36.6 3,686Divorced/separated/widowed 96.7 61.4 74.7 54.3 29.5 343ResidenceUrban 97.4 80.9 89.1 65.6 49.6 1,692Rural 92.3 59.7 70.9 56.6 29.9 5,205Mainland/ZanzibarMainland 93.5 64.6 75.0 58.7 34.5 6,687Mainland – Urban 97.5 80.8 89.0 65.7 49.5 1,622Dar es Salaam City 99.8 89.1 94.6 66.3 56.9 546Other Urban 96.3 76.6 86.1 65.3 45.7 1,075Mainland – Rural 92.3 59.4 70.5 56.5 29.7 5,066Zanzibar 94.6 75.4 86.9 62.5 43.7 210Region/IslandArusha 90.5 76.2 77.2 68.9 47.7 253Dar es Salaam 99.8 88.8 93.7 65.6 56.1 578Dodoma 92.9 64.8 78.8 47.7 27.1 251Iringa 92.0 65.0 79.7 63.0 34.7 282Kagera 94.2 61.3 78.3 48.4 30.5 394Kigoma 95.1 67.0 75.7 64.3 42.8 292Kilimanjaro 91.8 62.9 76.0 56.6 31.6 271Lindi 98.9 69.4 88.5 46.4 33.8 164Manyara 95.4 59.9 68.1 63.4 38.6 200Mara 95.0 76.8 75.3 68.6 40.9 240Mbeya 93.4 69.5 75.3 72.5 44.9 491Morogoro 93.4 60.5 78.4 56.7 31.2 340Mtwara 98.7 69.9 78.3 49.7 31.6 209Mwanza 94.8 60.5 69.4 50.7 28.4 592Pwani 94.9 65.9 83.8 58.1 35.0 119Rukwa 93.6 70.3 71.1 67.0 39.1 262Ruvuma 95.6 62.1 85.5 63.3 37.4 284Shinyanga 87.0 48.2 57.3 56.9 22.5 618Singida 92.6 56.0 78.7 41.0 22.5 152Tabora 90.7 48.0 56.1 62.2 21.1 401Tanga 88.7 59.8 75.0 46.0 21.9 295Pemba 92.9 66.9 86.4 54.2 31.8 63Unguja 95.2 79.1 87.2 66.0 48.8 147ZoneWestern 90.0 52.3 61.0 60.2 26.6 1,311Northern 91.3 64.7 74.5 57.9 34.2 1,018Central 92.8 61.5 78.8 45.2 25.4 403Southern Highlands 93.1 68.5 75.4 68.5 40.6 1,035Lake 94.7 63.9 73.4 53.5 31.5 1,226Eastern 97.1 76.9 87.5 61.8 45.5 1,036Southern 97.4 66.4 83.9 54.8 34.6 657Zanzibar 94.6 75.4 86.9 62.5 43.7 210EducationNo education 87.8 41.7 53.3 48.2 14.8 803Primary incomplete 87.8 50.0 67.0 50.9 21.6 1,500Primary complete 96.2 70.0 79.0 61.2 37.9 3,579Secondary + 97.3 87.5 92.3 70.6 59.1 1,016Wealth quintileLowest 87.2 45.8 56.2 53.2 20.1 1,139Second 91.7 56.8 69.3 58.1 27.6 1,397Middle 93.6 63.2 73.6 54.7 32.0 1,310Fourth 95.6 69.7 82.5 60.2 38.2 1,381Highest 97.7 82.0 88.9 65.4 50.0 1,666Total 15-49 93.6 64.9 75.4 58.8 34.8 6,898Attitudes Relating to HIV/AIDS | 67
Stigma is also found to vary with level of education; data show that women and men with noeducation and those with incomplete primary level are less likely to have positive attitudes towardspeople with HIV and AIDS than those with higher levels of education. People in the lowest wealthquintiles are more likely found to have negative attitudes towards people with HIV and AIDS comparedwith those in the higher wealth quintiles.6.2 ATTITUDES TOWARDS NEGOTIATING SAFER SEXKnowledge about HIV transmission and ways to prevent it are of little use if people feelpowerless to negotiate safer sex practices with their partners. Thus, attitudes about the acceptability ofnegotiating safer sex practices with partners were probed in the 2007-08 THMIS. Respondents wereasked if they think a wife is justified in refusing to have sex with her husband when she knows he hasa disease that can be transmitted through sexual contact. They were also asked whether a woman inthe same circumstances would be justified in asking her husband to use a condom.As shown in Table 6.2 and Figure 6.1, about nine in ten women and men believe that if ahusband has a sexually transmitted disease, his wife is justified in either refusing to have sexualintercourse with him or asking that they use a condom. This attitude is uniformly high across almostall background characteristics, with somewhat lower levels among respondents who have never marriedor never had sex and among women in Arusha and Rukwa.There are small differences by level of education and wealth quintile that show greateracceptance of a woman’s ability to negotiate safer sex with increasing education and wealth quintile.Minor urban-rural differences indicate that women and men in urban areas are more likely than thosein rural areas to believe in women’s sexual negotiation rights.Table 6.2 Attitudes towards negotiating safer sexual relations with husbandPercentage of women and men age 15-49 who believe that if a husband has a sexually transmitted disease his wife is justified in refusingto have sexual intercourse with him, or in asking that they use a condom, by background characteristics, Tanzania HMIS 2007-08BackgroundcharacteristicRefusing tohave sexualintercourseWomen: Wife is justified in:RefusingsexualAsking intercoursethat they or askinguse a that they usecondom a condomNumber ofwomenRefusing tohave sexualintercourseMen: Wife is justified in:RefusingsexualAsking intercoursethat they or askinguse a that they usecondom a condomNumber ofmenAge15-24 78.4 72.2 87.1 3,730 79.3 76.4 87.2 2,91615-19 73.9 66.6 82.9 1,984 74.9 72.5 83.9 1,76820-24 83.5 78.6 91.8 1,746 86.1 82.5 92.2 1,14825-29 85.5 81.2 93.7 1,603 86.5 85.3 94.9 1,00430-39 86.9 77.8 93.4 2,521 91.3 85.8 96.3 1,84640-49 85.1 74.4 92.0 1,488 90.5 79.7 94.8 1,210Marital statusNever married 75.3 69.5 84.0 2,214 79.2 76.1 87.1 2,931Ever had sex 84.3 84.0 94.5 983 87.4 85.9 94.0 1,525Never had sex 68.2 57.9 75.6 1,231 70.3 65.5 79.5 1,406Married/living together 85.0 76.9 92.5 5,983 90.1 83.8 95.7 3,701Divorced/separated/widowed 87.1 80.7 94.2 1,147 89.5 87.8 95.5 343ResidenceUrban 88.1 84.2 94.9 2,459 90.2 84.5 95.8 1,699Rural 81.1 72.6 89.2 6,884 83.9 79.6 90.8 5,276Mainland/ZanzibarMainland 83.4 76.1 91.1 9,034 85.5 81.2 92.1 6,763Mainland – UrbanDar es Salaam City 90.9 87.5 97.1 762 92.4 83.0 96.7 548Other Urban 87.3 83.3 94.2 1,591 89.4 86.7 95.7 1,079Mainland – Rural 81.6 73.0 89.6 6,681 84.0 79.8 90.9 5,136Zanzibar 71.1 62.6 80.2 309 83.0 67.3 90.1 212Continued…68 | Attitudes Relating to HIV/AIDS
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TanzaniaHIV/AIDS and MalariaIndicat
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The 2007-08 Tanzania HIV/AIDS and M
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3.5 Access to Mass Media ..........
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12.2 Orphans and Vulnerable Childre
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Table 4.3Table 4.4Table 4.5Table 4.
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Figure 9.2 HIV Prevlence by Region/
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FOREWORDThis report presents the ma
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SUMMARY OF FINDINGSThe 2007-08 Tanz
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HIV prevalence among youth (women a
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xxii | Map of Tanzania
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1.2 NATIONAL POLICY ON HIV/AIDSIn r
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To assess levels and trends in know
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1.8 FIELDWORKData collection was ca
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Table 1.1 Results of the household
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Figure 2.1 presents a graphic pictu
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Table 2.3.1 Educational attainment
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Educational attainment is higher in
Page 39 and 40: 2.5.1 Energy SourcesTable 2.5 prese
Page 41 and 42: The most common items are agricultu
Page 43 and 44: The 2007-08 THMIS included aquestio
Page 45 and 46: Table 3.1—ContinuedBackgroundchar
Page 47 and 48: Education is positively related to
Page 49 and 50: Table 3.3.2 Employment status: MenP
Page 51 and 52: Table 3.4.1 Exposure to mass media:
Page 53 and 54: 3.6 CURRENT MARITAL STATUSMarriage
Page 55 and 56: Polygyny also varies by household w
Page 57 and 58: Four in ten women age 20-49 marry b
Page 59 and 60: There is a positive relationship be
Page 62 and 63: FERTILITY AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 4
Page 64 and 65: Table 4.2 Fertility by background c
Page 66 and 67: infertility, 1 or the inability to
Page 68 and 69: 4.3 ADOLESCENT FERTILITYAdolescent
Page 70 and 71: Table 4.7 Antenatal carePercent dis
Page 72: Table 4.8 Place of antenatal carePe
Page 75 and 76: Table 5.1 Knowledge of AIDSPercenta
Page 77 and 78: The use of condoms as an effective
Page 79 and 80: Table 5.3.2 Comprehensive knowledge
Page 81 and 82: more education) and those in the fo
Page 83 and 84: Table 5.5.1 Exposure to HIV educati
Page 85 and 86: 5.6 KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE CONCERNI
Page 87 and 88: Table 5.6.2 Knowledge and attitudes
Page 89: Table 6.1.1 Accepting attitudes tow
Page 93 and 94: 6.3 ATTITUDES OF ADULTS TOWARDS EDU
Page 96 and 97: HIV/AIDS-RELATED BEHAVIOUR 77.1 INT
Page 98 and 99: Table 7.2.1 Recent sexual activity:
Page 100 and 101: Figure 7.1 Recent Sexual Intercours
Page 102 and 103: Table 7.3.2 Multiple sexual partner
Page 104 and 105: Table 7.4 Payment for sexual interc
Page 106 and 107: Table 7.5.1 Coverage of prior HIV t
Page 108 and 109: Figure 7.2 Prior HIV Testing by Edu
Page 110 and 111: 7.7 PREVALENCE OF SEXUALLY TRANSMIT
Page 112 and 113: Figure 7.3 Prevalence of STIs and S
Page 114: Table 7.8 Prevalence of medical inj
Page 117 and 118: Table 8.1 Comprehensive knowledge a
Page 119 and 120: Table 8.2 Age at first sexual inter
Page 121 and 122: Never-married women and men age 15-
Page 123 and 124: Figure 8.3 Condom Use at Premarital
Page 125 and 126: Table 8.5.2 Higher-risk sexual inte
Page 127 and 128: Table 8.6 Age-mixing in sexual rela
Page 129 and 130: 8.9 HIV TESTING AMONG YOUNG PEOPLEK
Page 132 and 133: HIV PREVALENCE 99.1 INTRODUCTIONPri
Page 134 and 135: Table 9.1 Coverage of HIV testing b
Page 136 and 137: Table 9.1—ContinuedBackgroundchar
Page 138 and 139: Table 9.3 HIV prevalence by ageAmon
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There are large variations in HIV p
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Table 9.5 shows that men who are cu
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Women who said they had higher-risk
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Table 9.8 shows data on HIV prevale
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Table 9.11 HIV prevalence by male c
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INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY 1010.1 I
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As expected, the level of infant an
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category (1.41) is 41 percent highe
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11.1 OWNERSHIP AND USE OF MOSQUITO
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carrying mosquitoes. Much of the fi
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11.2 USE OF ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS DURI
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11.3 TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WITH FEV
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11.4.1 Type and Timing of Antimalar
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11.4.2 Availability of Drug at Home
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11.6 SOURCE OF MOSQUITO NETSUntil l
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In spite of steady increases in ITN
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ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN 12P
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12.2 ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDRE
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12.3.1 School Attendance by Survivo
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While there are no differences in p
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Table 12.7 Widows dispossessed of p
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Table 12.9 External support for orp
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REFERENCESAgot, K.E., J.O. Ndinya-A
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SAMPLE IMPLEMENTATIONAPPENDIX AAppe
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Table A.2 Sample implementation: Me
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Table A.4 Coverage of HIV testing a
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Table A.6 Coverage of HIV testing a
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where h represents the stratum whic
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Table B.2 Sampling errors for Natio
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Table B.4 Sampling errors for Rural
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Table B.6 Sampling errors for Mainl
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Table B.8 Sampling errors for Mainl
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Table B.10 Sampling errors for Zanz
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Table B.12 Sampling errors for Nort
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Table B.14 Sampling errors for Sout
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Table B.16 Sampling errors for East
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Table B.18 Sampling errors for Dodo
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Table B.20 Sampling errors for Kili
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Table B.22 Sampling errors for Moro
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Table B.24 Sampling errors for Dar
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Table B.26 Sampling errors for Mtwa
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Table B.28 Sampling errors for Irin
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Table B.30 Sampling errors for Sing
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Table B.32 Sampling errors for Rukw
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Table B.34 Sampling errors for Shin
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Table B.36 Sampling errors for Mwan
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Table B.38 Sampling errors for Many
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Table B.40 Sampling errors for Pemb
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216 | Appendix B
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Joyce MbambaYulitha MwakasoleRemigi
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QUESTIONNAIRESAppendix DAppendix D
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULEIntroduction and
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IF AGE 0-17 YEARSIF AGE 5 YEARS OR
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IF AGE 0-17 YEARSLINE SICK CARE SUR
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HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICSNO. QUESTI
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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SUPPORT FOR SICK PEOPLENO. QUESTION
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSSUPPORT FOR
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSCODING CATE
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CHILD 4 CHILD 5 CHILD 6502 LINE NUM
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515 CHECK 509:NUMBER OF CHILDREN WI
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UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIATANZANIA
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213 214 215 216217 218219 220221222
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LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH SECON
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LASTSEXUAL PARTNERSECOND-TO-LASTSEX
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SECTION 7 - HIV TESTTHIS PAGE TO BE
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