Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey ... - Measure DHS

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Table 5.2 Knowledge of HIV prevention methodsPercentage of women and men age 15-49 who, in response to prompted questions, say that people can reduce the risk of getting the AIDSvirus by using condoms every time they have sexual intercourse, by having one sex partner who is not infected and has no other partners, andby abstaining from sexual intercourse, by background characteristics, Tanzania HMIS 2007-08Limitingsexualintercourseto oneuninfectedpartner 2WomenUsingcondomsandlimitingsexualintercourseto oneuninfectedpartner 1,2AbstainingfromsexualintercourseNumberofwomenLimitingsexualintercourseto oneuninfectedpartner 2MenUsingcondomsandlimitingsexualintercourseto oneuninfectedpartner 1,2Abstainingfromsexualintercourse Numberof menBackgroundcharacteristicUsingcondoms 1Usingcondoms 1Age15-24 67.6 79.5 60.0 82.3 3,730 72.6 81.2 64.2 85.3 2,91615-19 62.8 76.2 54.8 79.2 1,984 67.6 77.9 59.2 82.6 1,76820-24 73.1 83.2 66.0 85.8 1,746 80.2 86.4 71.7 89.5 1,14825-29 72.5 84.3 65.7 86.5 1,603 77.5 89.4 71.7 91.1 1,00430-39 70.3 84.2 63.3 88.3 2,521 81.8 91.4 76.8 92.4 1,84640-49 63.8 80.6 57.1 85.8 1,488 75.9 90.0 71.0 92.5 1,210Marital statusNever married 65.4 80.8 59.2 82.7 2,214 71.3 81.5 63.5 85.0 2,931Ever had sex 78.7 85.9 71.9 85.7 983 82.4 87.0 74.6 88.8 1,525Never had sex 54.8 76.7 49.2 80.3 1,231 59.2 75.6 51.5 80.8 1,406Married/living together 68.7 82.2 61.6 85.7 5,983 79.9 90.5 74.3 92.4 3,701Divorced/separated/widowed 74.2 81.4 64.7 87.1 1,147 80.3 88.0 74.1 92.6 343ResidenceUrban 74.5 89.3 70.5 88.8 2,459 73.5 91.5 70.1 90.0 1,699Rural 66.5 79.1 58.2 83.9 6,884 77.2 85.0 69.7 89.0 5,276Mainland/ZanzibarMainland 69.3 81.9 62.1 85.3 9,034 77.1 86.7 70.6 89.4 6,763Mainland – Urban 75.6 89.6 71.6 89.0 2,353 74.7 91.7 71.4 90.2 1,628Dar es Salaam City 76.3 91.0 72.8 86.6 762 68.4 92.3 65.5 88.7 548Other Urban 75.2 88.9 71.1 90.2 1,591 78.0 91.4 74.4 91.0 1,079Mainland – Rural 67.2 79.2 58.8 84.0 6,681 77.9 85.2 70.4 89.2 5,136Zanzibar 46.1 78.8 40.9 81.7 309 49.4 82.1 42.5 84.4 212Region/IslandArusha 58.5 85.3 56.6 84.6 383 77.3 91.1 76.4 90.5 262Dar es Salaam 76.6 91.1 73.1 87.0 797 69.1 92.5 66.2 88.8 580Dodoma 70.3 84.7 65.3 85.3 338 78.4 90.2 75.1 85.8 255Iringa 53.4 69.8 42.0 70.2 403 68.8 79.6 60.6 81.7 286Kagera 67.9 79.7 60.0 83.4 495 72.8 75.9 60.6 88.1 397Kigoma 88.9 97.4 88.0 96.7 414 81.9 96.4 80.7 95.5 292Kilimanjaro 73.9 94.8 70.7 93.2 379 70.6 91.3 66.3 93.1 271Lindi 85.4 93.4 80.8 98.8 246 90.0 94.2 86.5 97.2 164Manyara 53.8 89.8 53.1 89.7 263 79.0 96.5 78.5 94.5 203Mara 72.1 80.4 63.6 86.9 368 78.2 84.9 70.8 90.0 243Mbeya 50.7 68.6 43.6 84.3 581 74.0 85.9 67.8 95.8 496Morogoro 77.6 83.7 69.5 87.9 436 82.5 91.8 77.2 89.4 340Mtwara 85.8 89.6 78.6 96.2 324 84.7 91.6 80.6 95.1 209Mwanza 64.0 79.4 55.6 83.2 833 79.9 75.7 65.6 86.2 608Pwani 84.5 95.2 82.7 92.9 203 81.4 95.2 80.9 86.5 119Rukwa 44.9 62.9 32.4 67.4 314 72.7 88.6 68.8 90.9 264Ruvuma 70.3 71.0 55.4 75.9 372 78.8 80.7 68.6 85.0 287Shinyanga 67.6 62.9 49.2 76.9 750 76.1 78.9 64.6 83.4 633Singida 57.4 79.4 52.5 84.1 194 75.7 86.3 70.2 85.5 153Tabora 82.1 96.6 80.6 94.3 518 84.9 92.1 80.0 90.6 404Tanga 74.1 85.2 66.6 86.2 424 78.5 92.5 73.7 93.8 298Pemba 36.9 72.1 33.0 80.9 94 48.7 71.9 36.5 83.0 63Unguja 50.2 81.8 44.4 82.0 214 49.7 86.4 45.0 84.9 148ZoneWestern 77.3 81.8 68.4 87.1 1,682 80.1 86.7 72.8 88.2 1,328Northern 66.3 88.6 62.6 88.2 1,449 76.2 92.6 73.4 92.9 1,034Central 65.6 82.8 60.7 84.9 532 77.4 88.7 73.2 85.7 408Southern Highlands 50.1 67.6 40.4 75.8 1,297 72.3 84.9 66.1 90.7 1,046Lake 66.9 79.7 58.6 84.1 1,696 77.3 77.5 65.0 87.5 1,249Eastern 78.0 89.4 73.4 88.1 1,436 74.9 92.6 71.5 88.7 1,038Southern 79.6 83.2 70.0 88.9 942 83.5 87.5 76.9 91.2 660Zanzibar 46.1 78.8 40.9 81.7 309 49.4 82.1 42.5 84.4 212EducationNo education 54.7 71.2 46.0 76.8 1,983 66.4 76.7 56.9 83.5 829Primary incomplete 62.6 75.8 53.4 80.6 1,517 72.4 78.3 62.6 85.3 1,534Primary complete 74.4 85.6 67.6 88.6 4,945 80.6 90.3 75.1 91.2 3,597Secondary + 77.5 94.2 74.9 92.7 898 75.0 94.0 72.4 93.0 1,016Wealth quintileLowest 61.2 74.5 52.2 80.4 1,700 72.9 80.2 64.6 83.4 1,173Second 66.5 77.2 56.7 82.1 1,634 80.3 85.9 73.0 89.7 1,411Middle 68.9 78.7 60.2 83.3 1,757 78.2 84.8 68.8 90.3 1,322Fourth 69.0 84.4 63.2 87.9 1,867 76.3 87.4 70.3 90.5 1,395Highest 74.7 90.3 70.8 89.9 2,384 73.8 92.5 71.1 91.1 1,670Total 68.6 81.8 61.4 85.2 9,343 76.3 86.6 69.8 89.3 6,9751Using condoms every time they have sexual intercourse2Partner who has no other partnersHIV/AIDS-Related Knowledge | 53
The use of condoms as an effective means of preventing HIV transmission is less commonlycited amongst the identified ways of HIV prevention, especially among women in the SouthernHighlands Zone (50 percent) and women and men in Zanzibar (46 and 49 percent, respectively). Thelowest proportions knowing about condom use as an HIV preventive measure are found in PembaIsland (37 percent for women and 49 percent for men). Urban residents are more likely than ruralresidents to know about all three methods mentioned to prevent HIV infection, except for condomuse, which is cited by more rural than urban men. Another distinct feature observed from the data isthat knowledge of all HIV prevention methods mentioned generally increases with increasing level ofeducation and wealth quintile.5.3 REJECTION OF MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT HIV/AIDSIn line with knowledge about effective ways to avoid contracting HIV, it is useful to identifyincorrect beliefs about AIDS, to eliminate misconceptions. Common misconceptions about HIV andAIDS include the belief that HIV-infected people always appear sick, and the belief that the virus canbe transmitted through mosquito or other insect bites, by sharing food with someone who is infected,and by witchcraft or other supernatural means. Respondents were asked about these misconceptionsand the findings are presented in Tables 5.3.1 and 5.3.2.The vast majority of Tanzanians age 15-49 know that an HIV-infected person does notnecessarily show signs of infection. This knowledge is maintained by about 80 percent of women and86 percent of men in all age groups. As Figure 5.1 shows, between 1999 and 2007 there was anincrease in the proportion of women and men who acknowledge that a healthy-looking person can beinfected with HIV. There is, however, a distinct urban-rural differential in knowledge among women.Ninety-one percent of women in urban areas have knowledge about such misconceptions, comparedwith 76 percent of their rural counterparts.Regarding other types of misconceptions, at least seven in ten people know that AIDS cannotbe transmitted by mosquito bites, and at least eight in ten know that AIDS cannot be transmitted bysupernatural means or by sharing food with a person with AIDS. Correct rejection of these misconceptionsis more common among urban than rural women and men.54 | HIV/AIDS-Related Knowledge
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TanzaniaHIV/AIDS and MalariaIndicat
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The 2007-08 Tanzania HIV/AIDS and M
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3.5 Access to Mass Media ..........
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12.2 Orphans and Vulnerable Childre
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Table 4.3Table 4.4Table 4.5Table 4.
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Figure 9.2 HIV Prevlence by Region/
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FOREWORDThis report presents the ma
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SUMMARY OF FINDINGSThe 2007-08 Tanz
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HIV prevalence among youth (women a
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xxii | Map of Tanzania
Page 25 and 26: 1.2 NATIONAL POLICY ON HIV/AIDSIn r
Page 27 and 28: To assess levels and trends in know
Page 29 and 30: 1.8 FIELDWORKData collection was ca
Page 31 and 32: Table 1.1 Results of the household
Page 33 and 34: Figure 2.1 presents a graphic pictu
Page 35 and 36: Table 2.3.1 Educational attainment
Page 37 and 38: Educational attainment is higher in
Page 39 and 40: 2.5.1 Energy SourcesTable 2.5 prese
Page 41 and 42: The most common items are agricultu
Page 43 and 44: The 2007-08 THMIS included aquestio
Page 45 and 46: Table 3.1—ContinuedBackgroundchar
Page 47 and 48: Education is positively related to
Page 49 and 50: Table 3.3.2 Employment status: MenP
Page 51 and 52: Table 3.4.1 Exposure to mass media:
Page 53 and 54: 3.6 CURRENT MARITAL STATUSMarriage
Page 55 and 56: Polygyny also varies by household w
Page 57 and 58: Four in ten women age 20-49 marry b
Page 59 and 60: There is a positive relationship be
Page 62 and 63: FERTILITY AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 4
Page 64 and 65: Table 4.2 Fertility by background c
Page 66 and 67: infertility, 1 or the inability to
Page 68 and 69: 4.3 ADOLESCENT FERTILITYAdolescent
Page 70 and 71: Table 4.7 Antenatal carePercent dis
Page 72: Table 4.8 Place of antenatal carePe
Page 75: Table 5.1 Knowledge of AIDSPercenta
Page 79 and 80: Table 5.3.2 Comprehensive knowledge
Page 81 and 82: more education) and those in the fo
Page 83 and 84: Table 5.5.1 Exposure to HIV educati
Page 85 and 86: 5.6 KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE CONCERNI
Page 87 and 88: Table 5.6.2 Knowledge and attitudes
Page 89 and 90: Table 6.1.1 Accepting attitudes tow
Page 91 and 92: Stigma is also found to vary with l
Page 93 and 94: 6.3 ATTITUDES OF ADULTS TOWARDS EDU
Page 96 and 97: HIV/AIDS-RELATED BEHAVIOUR 77.1 INT
Page 98 and 99: Table 7.2.1 Recent sexual activity:
Page 100 and 101: Figure 7.1 Recent Sexual Intercours
Page 102 and 103: Table 7.3.2 Multiple sexual partner
Page 104 and 105: Table 7.4 Payment for sexual interc
Page 106 and 107: Table 7.5.1 Coverage of prior HIV t
Page 108 and 109: Figure 7.2 Prior HIV Testing by Edu
Page 110 and 111: 7.7 PREVALENCE OF SEXUALLY TRANSMIT
Page 112 and 113: Figure 7.3 Prevalence of STIs and S
Page 114: Table 7.8 Prevalence of medical inj
Page 117 and 118: Table 8.1 Comprehensive knowledge a
Page 119 and 120: Table 8.2 Age at first sexual inter
Page 121 and 122: Never-married women and men age 15-
Page 123 and 124: Figure 8.3 Condom Use at Premarital
Page 125 and 126: Table 8.5.2 Higher-risk sexual inte
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Table 8.6 Age-mixing in sexual rela
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8.9 HIV TESTING AMONG YOUNG PEOPLEK
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HIV PREVALENCE 99.1 INTRODUCTIONPri
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Table 9.1 Coverage of HIV testing b
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Table 9.1—ContinuedBackgroundchar
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Table 9.3 HIV prevalence by ageAmon
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There are large variations in HIV p
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Table 9.5 shows that men who are cu
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Women who said they had higher-risk
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Table 9.8 shows data on HIV prevale
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Table 9.11 HIV prevalence by male c
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INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY 1010.1 I
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As expected, the level of infant an
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category (1.41) is 41 percent highe
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11.1 OWNERSHIP AND USE OF MOSQUITO
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carrying mosquitoes. Much of the fi
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11.2 USE OF ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS DURI
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11.3 TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WITH FEV
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11.4.1 Type and Timing of Antimalar
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11.4.2 Availability of Drug at Home
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11.6 SOURCE OF MOSQUITO NETSUntil l
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In spite of steady increases in ITN
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ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN 12P
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12.2 ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDRE
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12.3.1 School Attendance by Survivo
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While there are no differences in p
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Table 12.7 Widows dispossessed of p
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Table 12.9 External support for orp
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REFERENCESAgot, K.E., J.O. Ndinya-A
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SAMPLE IMPLEMENTATIONAPPENDIX AAppe
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Table A.2 Sample implementation: Me
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Table A.4 Coverage of HIV testing a
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Table A.6 Coverage of HIV testing a
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where h represents the stratum whic
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Table B.2 Sampling errors for Natio
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Table B.4 Sampling errors for Rural
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Table B.6 Sampling errors for Mainl
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Table B.8 Sampling errors for Mainl
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Table B.10 Sampling errors for Zanz
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Table B.12 Sampling errors for Nort
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Table B.14 Sampling errors for Sout
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Table B.16 Sampling errors for East
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Table B.18 Sampling errors for Dodo
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Table B.20 Sampling errors for Kili
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Table B.22 Sampling errors for Moro
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Table B.24 Sampling errors for Dar
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Table B.26 Sampling errors for Mtwa
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Table B.28 Sampling errors for Irin
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Table B.30 Sampling errors for Sing
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Table B.32 Sampling errors for Rukw
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Table B.34 Sampling errors for Shin
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Table B.36 Sampling errors for Mwan
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Table B.38 Sampling errors for Many
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Table B.40 Sampling errors for Pemb
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216 | Appendix B
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Joyce MbambaYulitha MwakasoleRemigi
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QUESTIONNAIRESAppendix DAppendix D
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULEIntroduction and
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IF AGE 0-17 YEARSIF AGE 5 YEARS OR
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IF AGE 0-17 YEARSLINE SICK CARE SUR
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HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICSNO. QUESTI
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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SUPPORT FOR SICK PEOPLENO. QUESTION
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSSUPPORT FOR
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSCODING CATE
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CHILD 4 CHILD 5 CHILD 6502 LINE NUM
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515 CHECK 509:NUMBER OF CHILDREN WI
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UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIATANZANIA
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213 214 215 216217 218219 220221222
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LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH SECON
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LASTSEXUAL PARTNERSECOND-TO-LASTSEX
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SECTION 7 - HIV TESTTHIS PAGE TO BE
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