Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey ... - Measure DHS

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4.3 ADOLESCENT FERTILITYAdolescent childbearing has potentially negative demographic and social consequences.Teenage mothers, especially those under the age of 18, have been shown to be more likely toexperience pregnancy and delivery complications than older mothers, resulting in higher morbidityand mortality for both themselves and their children. Early childbearing also limits the adolescent’sability to pursue educational and job opportunities.Table 4.6 and Figure 4.3 show the percentage of women age 15-19 who are mothers or whoare pregnant with their first child. The survey shows that 23 percent of teenage women in Tanzaniahave begun childbearing: 18 percent are mothers and 5 percent are pregnant with their first child. Thisfigure is slightly lower than that reported in the 2004-05 TDHS (26 percent).Table 4.6 Teenage pregnancy and motherhoodPercentage of women age 15-19 who have had a live birth or who are pregnant with theirfirst child and percentage who have begun childrearing, by background characteristics,Tanzania HMIS 2007-08BackgroundcharacteristicPercentage who:Have hada live birthAre pregnantwith firstchildPercentagewho havebegunchildbearingNumber ofwomenAge15 1.3 1.8 3.2 52216 5.9 1.8 7.7 37417 16.7 7.5 24.3 41918 29.0 10.1 39.2 32519 48.3 5.5 53.9 344ResidenceUrban 11.5 4.4 15.9 520Rural 20.5 5.2 25.7 1,463Mainland/Zanzibar 18.7 5.2 23.9 1,900Mainland - Urban 11.9 4.6 16.5 495Dar es Salaam City 11.7 4.2 15.8 159Other Urban 12.0 4.8 16.8 336Mainland - Rural 21.0 5.4 26.5 1,405Zanzibar 5.9 1.6 7.6 84Pemba 8.6 1.2 9.8 26Unguja 4.8 1.8 6.6 58ZoneWestern 20.5 4.6 25.1 398Northern 11.5 4.6 16.1 289Central 16.1 5.7 21.7 105Southern Highlands 18.4 5.4 23.8 260Lake 18.2 7.7 25.9 389Eastern 17.0 4.7 21.7 279Southern 31.6 2.1 33.7 181Zanzibar 5.9 1.6 7.6 84EducationNo education 39.6 10.0 49.6 261Primary incomplete 13.3 4.1 17.4 546Primary complete 20.2 5.3 25.5 883Secondary + 1.8 1.5 3.3 293Wealth quintileLowest 30.0 4.2 34.2 347Second 21.1 8.6 29.7 320Middle 19.8 6.3 26.1 396Fourth 15.9 3.1 19.0 405Highest 8.8 3.9 12.8 516Total 18.1 5.0 23.2 1,984Fertility and Reproductive Health | 45
Figure 4.3 Adolescent Fertility80 Percent Mothers Pregnant with first child6040200248546391048293821721615 16 17 18 19AgeTHMIS 2007-08As expected, the percentage of teenagers who have started childbearing rises rapidly with age,from 3 percent among women age 15, to 54 percent among women age 19. The percentage is higheramong rural women (26 percent) than urban women (16 percent). In the Mainland, adolescentchildbearing is most common in the Southern Zone and least common in the Northern Zone (34 and16 percent, respectively). Eight percent of women in Zanzibar have started childbearing; 10 percent inPemba and 7 percent in Unguja.Adolescent childbearing has a negative relationship with education. Half of women with noeducation have started childbearing compared with only 3 percent of women with secondary or highereducation.4.4 ANTENATAL CAREThe major objective of antenatal care is to identify and treat problems during pregnancy suchas anaemia and infections. Antenatal care (ANC) visits include screening for complications, andadvising on a range of issues such as place of delivery and referral of mothers with complications. Inthe 2007-08 THMIS, interviewers collected information about ANC for the most recent birth in thepast five years (since January 2002). If a woman received ANC from more than one provider, theprovider with the highest qualifications was used for the questionnaire. Table 4.7 shows the distributionof women who had a live birth in the five years preceding the survey by type of antenatal careprovider, according to background characteristics.Most pregnant women in Tanzania received ANC from skilled personnel (4 percent by adoctor, 7 percent from a clinical officer or assistant clinical officer, 65 percent from a nurse ormidwife, and 21 percent from an MCH aide). Only 2 percent of women received ANC from unskilledpersonnel such as relatives and friends, and 1 percent of women received no ANC.There are no significant differences in ANC by the age of mother, birth order, urban-ruralresidence. Women in the Eastern, Northern, and Central zones are more likely than women in otherzones to receive ANC from a health professional. There were no substantial differences in antenatalcare from a medical professional by women’s level of education or household wealth status.46 | Fertility and Reproductive Health
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TanzaniaHIV/AIDS and MalariaIndicat
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The 2007-08 Tanzania HIV/AIDS and M
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3.5 Access to Mass Media ..........
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12.2 Orphans and Vulnerable Childre
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Table 4.3Table 4.4Table 4.5Table 4.
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Figure 9.2 HIV Prevlence by Region/
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FOREWORDThis report presents the ma
Page 18 and 19: SUMMARY OF FINDINGSThe 2007-08 Tanz
Page 20 and 21: HIV prevalence among youth (women a
Page 23 and 24: xxii | Map of Tanzania
Page 25 and 26: 1.2 NATIONAL POLICY ON HIV/AIDSIn r
Page 27 and 28: To assess levels and trends in know
Page 29 and 30: 1.8 FIELDWORKData collection was ca
Page 31 and 32: Table 1.1 Results of the household
Page 33 and 34: Figure 2.1 presents a graphic pictu
Page 35 and 36: Table 2.3.1 Educational attainment
Page 37 and 38: Educational attainment is higher in
Page 39 and 40: 2.5.1 Energy SourcesTable 2.5 prese
Page 41 and 42: The most common items are agricultu
Page 43 and 44: The 2007-08 THMIS included aquestio
Page 45 and 46: Table 3.1—ContinuedBackgroundchar
Page 47 and 48: Education is positively related to
Page 49 and 50: Table 3.3.2 Employment status: MenP
Page 51 and 52: Table 3.4.1 Exposure to mass media:
Page 53 and 54: 3.6 CURRENT MARITAL STATUSMarriage
Page 55 and 56: Polygyny also varies by household w
Page 57 and 58: Four in ten women age 20-49 marry b
Page 59 and 60: There is a positive relationship be
Page 62 and 63: FERTILITY AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 4
Page 64 and 65: Table 4.2 Fertility by background c
Page 66 and 67: infertility, 1 or the inability to
Page 70 and 71: Table 4.7 Antenatal carePercent dis
Page 72: Table 4.8 Place of antenatal carePe
Page 75 and 76: Table 5.1 Knowledge of AIDSPercenta
Page 77 and 78: The use of condoms as an effective
Page 79 and 80: Table 5.3.2 Comprehensive knowledge
Page 81 and 82: more education) and those in the fo
Page 83 and 84: Table 5.5.1 Exposure to HIV educati
Page 85 and 86: 5.6 KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE CONCERNI
Page 87 and 88: Table 5.6.2 Knowledge and attitudes
Page 89 and 90: Table 6.1.1 Accepting attitudes tow
Page 91 and 92: Stigma is also found to vary with l
Page 93 and 94: 6.3 ATTITUDES OF ADULTS TOWARDS EDU
Page 96 and 97: HIV/AIDS-RELATED BEHAVIOUR 77.1 INT
Page 98 and 99: Table 7.2.1 Recent sexual activity:
Page 100 and 101: Figure 7.1 Recent Sexual Intercours
Page 102 and 103: Table 7.3.2 Multiple sexual partner
Page 104 and 105: Table 7.4 Payment for sexual interc
Page 106 and 107: Table 7.5.1 Coverage of prior HIV t
Page 108 and 109: Figure 7.2 Prior HIV Testing by Edu
Page 110 and 111: 7.7 PREVALENCE OF SEXUALLY TRANSMIT
Page 112 and 113: Figure 7.3 Prevalence of STIs and S
Page 114: Table 7.8 Prevalence of medical inj
Page 117 and 118: Table 8.1 Comprehensive knowledge a
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Table 8.2 Age at first sexual inter
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Never-married women and men age 15-
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Figure 8.3 Condom Use at Premarital
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Table 8.5.2 Higher-risk sexual inte
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Table 8.6 Age-mixing in sexual rela
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8.9 HIV TESTING AMONG YOUNG PEOPLEK
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HIV PREVALENCE 99.1 INTRODUCTIONPri
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Table 9.1 Coverage of HIV testing b
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Table 9.1—ContinuedBackgroundchar
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Table 9.3 HIV prevalence by ageAmon
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There are large variations in HIV p
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Table 9.5 shows that men who are cu
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Women who said they had higher-risk
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Table 9.8 shows data on HIV prevale
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Table 9.11 HIV prevalence by male c
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INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY 1010.1 I
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As expected, the level of infant an
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category (1.41) is 41 percent highe
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11.1 OWNERSHIP AND USE OF MOSQUITO
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carrying mosquitoes. Much of the fi
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11.2 USE OF ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS DURI
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11.3 TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WITH FEV
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11.4.1 Type and Timing of Antimalar
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11.4.2 Availability of Drug at Home
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11.6 SOURCE OF MOSQUITO NETSUntil l
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In spite of steady increases in ITN
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ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN 12P
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12.2 ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDRE
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12.3.1 School Attendance by Survivo
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While there are no differences in p
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Table 12.7 Widows dispossessed of p
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Table 12.9 External support for orp
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REFERENCESAgot, K.E., J.O. Ndinya-A
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SAMPLE IMPLEMENTATIONAPPENDIX AAppe
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Table A.2 Sample implementation: Me
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Table A.4 Coverage of HIV testing a
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Table A.6 Coverage of HIV testing a
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where h represents the stratum whic
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Table B.2 Sampling errors for Natio
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Table B.4 Sampling errors for Rural
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Table B.6 Sampling errors for Mainl
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Table B.8 Sampling errors for Mainl
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Table B.10 Sampling errors for Zanz
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Table B.12 Sampling errors for Nort
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Table B.14 Sampling errors for Sout
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Table B.16 Sampling errors for East
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Table B.18 Sampling errors for Dodo
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Table B.20 Sampling errors for Kili
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Table B.22 Sampling errors for Moro
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Table B.24 Sampling errors for Dar
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Table B.26 Sampling errors for Mtwa
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Table B.28 Sampling errors for Irin
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Table B.30 Sampling errors for Sing
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Table B.32 Sampling errors for Rukw
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Table B.34 Sampling errors for Shin
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Table B.36 Sampling errors for Mwan
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Table B.38 Sampling errors for Many
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Table B.40 Sampling errors for Pemb
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216 | Appendix B
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Joyce MbambaYulitha MwakasoleRemigi
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QUESTIONNAIRESAppendix DAppendix D
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULEIntroduction and
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IF AGE 0-17 YEARSIF AGE 5 YEARS OR
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IF AGE 0-17 YEARSLINE SICK CARE SUR
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HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICSNO. QUESTI
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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SUPPORT FOR SICK PEOPLENO. QUESTION
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSSUPPORT FOR
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSCODING CATE
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CHILD 4 CHILD 5 CHILD 6502 LINE NUM
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515 CHECK 509:NUMBER OF CHILDREN WI
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UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIATANZANIA
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213 214 215 216217 218219 220221222
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LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH SECON
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LASTSEXUAL PARTNERSECOND-TO-LASTSEX
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SECTION 7 - HIV TESTTHIS PAGE TO BE
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