Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey ... - Measure DHS

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Table 4.2 Fertility by background characteristicsTotal fertility rate for the three years preceding the survey,percentage of women age 15-49 currently pregnant, and meannumber of children ever born to women age 40-49 years, bybackground characteristics, Tanzania HMIS 2007-08BackgroundcharacteristicTotalfertilityratePercentageof womenage 15-49currentlypregnantMeannumber ofchildrenever bornto womenage 40-49ResidenceUrban 3.5 7.1 4.7Rural 6.4 10.1 6.3Mainland/ZanzibarMainland 5.6 9.4 5.9Mainland - Urban 3.5 7.2 4.6Dar es Salaam City 3.0 4.8 4.1Other Urban 3.7 8.3 4.9Mainland - Rural 6.4 10.2 6.2Zanzibar 4.9 7.5 6.7Pemba 6.6 10.2 8.2Unguja 4.2 6.3 6.1ZoneWestern 6.9 9.9 6.4Northern 5.0 7.8 5.4Central 6.3 9.6 6.4Southern Highlands 6.0 10.5 6.1Lake 6.6 13.1 6.8Eastern 4.0 6.2 5.1Southern 4.5 7.5 5.2Zanzibar 4.9 7.5 6.7EducationNo education 6.7 10.4 6.5Primary incomplete 5.8 10.2 6.4Primary complete 5.6 9.2 5.5Secondary + 3.1 6.0 4.3Wealth quintileLowest 7.2 9.6 6.7Second 6.7 10.8 6.5Middle 6.4 11.2 5.8Fourth 5.3 9.3 5.9Highest 3.4 6.8 4.7Total 5.6 9.3 5.9Note: Total fertility rates are for the period 1-36 months prior tointerview.The mean number of children ever born to women age 40-49 in Tanzania is 5.9. It is higherfor women in rural areas (6.3 children per woman) than for women in urban areas (4.7). In MainlandTanzania, the highest mean number of children ever born to women age 40-49 is in the Lake zone (6.8children), whereas the lowest mean number is in the Eastern Zone (5.1 children). In Zanzibar themean number of children ever born to women age 40-49 is higher in Pemba (8.2 children) than inUnguja (6.1 children).As indicated by the other two fertility measures, women age 40-49 with secondary or highereducation have a lower mean number of children ever born (4.3 children) than women with noeducation (6.5 children). A similar pattern is seen for differences by wealth quintile, with women inthe highest quintile having a lower mean number of children ever born (4.7 children) than women inthe lowest wealth quintile (6.7 children).Figure 4.2 shows the total fertility rate among ten Sub-Saharan countries in which a DHSsurvey has been conducted since 2002. The figure shows that Malawi, Uganda, and Zambia have thehighest fertility, and Lesotho and Namibia have the lowest. Tanzania has a higher fertility rate than itsneighbour Kenya (5.6 and 4.9 children per woman, respectively).Fertility and Reproductive Health | 41
Figure 4.2 Total Fertility Rates for Selected Countriesin Southeast AfricaLesotho 2004Namibia 2006-07Swaziland 2006-07Zimbabwe 2005-063.53.63.83.8Kenya 20034.9Mozambique 2003Tanzania 2007-085.55.6Zambia 2001-02Malawi 20045.96.0Uganda 20066.70.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0Births per woman4.1.3 Trends in FertilityTrends in fertility in Tanzania can beassessed in several ways. Fertility trends can beinvestigated using retrospective data from the birthhistories collected from respondents in a singlesurvey. Another way to assess fertility trends is bycomparing estimates obtained in earlier surveys,population censuses, or vital registration data.Table 4.3 shows fertility rates estimated fromvarious surveys conducted in Tanzania since 1991:the 1991-92 TDHS, the 1996 TDHS, the 1999Tanzania Reproductive and Child Health Survey(TRCHS), the 2004-05 TDHS, and the 2007-08THMIS. The TFR has declined from 6.3 births perwoman in 1991 to 5.6 births per woman in the2007-08 THMIS. The TFR has remained about thesame since the 1996 TDHS (5.8 births), indicatingthat there has been little fertility decline for morethan a decade.Table 4.3 Trends in age-specific fertility ratesAge-specific fertility rates (per 1,000 women) and total fertilityrates from selected surveys: 1991-92 TDHS, 1996 TDHS,1999 TRCHS, 2004-05 TDHS and 2007-08 THMISAgegroupTDHS1991-92TDHS1996TRCHS1999TDHS2004-05THMIS2007-0815-19 144 135 138 132 14120-24 282 260 268 274 26625-29 270 255 240 254 25330-34 231 217 213 218 19735-39 177 167 138 156 16240-44 108 87 78 79 7845-49 37 42 37 18 24TFR 6.3 5.8 5.6 5.7 5.6Note: Rates refer to the three-year period preceding thesurvey, except for the 2002 census.4.1.4 Children Ever Born and LivingTable 4.4 shows all women and currently married women by number of children ever born,according to age. Children ever born is a measure of lifetime fertility. It reflects the accumulation ofbirths over the past 30 years among women interviewed in the survey and, therefore, its relevance tothe current fertility situation is limited. Furthermore, the data are subject to recall error, which istypically greater for older than younger women.However, the information on children ever born (or parity) is useful in looking at a number ofissues. The results show how average family size varies across age groups. The percentage of womenin their forties who have never had children also provides an indicator of the level of primary42 | Fertility and Reproductive Health
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TanzaniaHIV/AIDS and MalariaIndicat
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The 2007-08 Tanzania HIV/AIDS and M
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3.5 Access to Mass Media ..........
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12.2 Orphans and Vulnerable Childre
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Table 4.3Table 4.4Table 4.5Table 4.
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Figure 9.2 HIV Prevlence by Region/
Page 14: FOREWORDThis report presents the ma
Page 18 and 19: SUMMARY OF FINDINGSThe 2007-08 Tanz
Page 20 and 21: HIV prevalence among youth (women a
Page 23 and 24: xxii | Map of Tanzania
Page 25 and 26: 1.2 NATIONAL POLICY ON HIV/AIDSIn r
Page 27 and 28: To assess levels and trends in know
Page 29 and 30: 1.8 FIELDWORKData collection was ca
Page 31 and 32: Table 1.1 Results of the household
Page 33 and 34: Figure 2.1 presents a graphic pictu
Page 35 and 36: Table 2.3.1 Educational attainment
Page 37 and 38: Educational attainment is higher in
Page 39 and 40: 2.5.1 Energy SourcesTable 2.5 prese
Page 41 and 42: The most common items are agricultu
Page 43 and 44: The 2007-08 THMIS included aquestio
Page 45 and 46: Table 3.1—ContinuedBackgroundchar
Page 47 and 48: Education is positively related to
Page 49 and 50: Table 3.3.2 Employment status: MenP
Page 51 and 52: Table 3.4.1 Exposure to mass media:
Page 53 and 54: 3.6 CURRENT MARITAL STATUSMarriage
Page 55 and 56: Polygyny also varies by household w
Page 57 and 58: Four in ten women age 20-49 marry b
Page 59 and 60: There is a positive relationship be
Page 62 and 63: FERTILITY AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 4
Page 66 and 67: infertility, 1 or the inability to
Page 68 and 69: 4.3 ADOLESCENT FERTILITYAdolescent
Page 70 and 71: Table 4.7 Antenatal carePercent dis
Page 72: Table 4.8 Place of antenatal carePe
Page 75 and 76: Table 5.1 Knowledge of AIDSPercenta
Page 77 and 78: The use of condoms as an effective
Page 79 and 80: Table 5.3.2 Comprehensive knowledge
Page 81 and 82: more education) and those in the fo
Page 83 and 84: Table 5.5.1 Exposure to HIV educati
Page 85 and 86: 5.6 KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE CONCERNI
Page 87 and 88: Table 5.6.2 Knowledge and attitudes
Page 89 and 90: Table 6.1.1 Accepting attitudes tow
Page 91 and 92: Stigma is also found to vary with l
Page 93 and 94: 6.3 ATTITUDES OF ADULTS TOWARDS EDU
Page 96 and 97: HIV/AIDS-RELATED BEHAVIOUR 77.1 INT
Page 98 and 99: Table 7.2.1 Recent sexual activity:
Page 100 and 101: Figure 7.1 Recent Sexual Intercours
Page 102 and 103: Table 7.3.2 Multiple sexual partner
Page 104 and 105: Table 7.4 Payment for sexual interc
Page 106 and 107: Table 7.5.1 Coverage of prior HIV t
Page 108 and 109: Figure 7.2 Prior HIV Testing by Edu
Page 110 and 111: 7.7 PREVALENCE OF SEXUALLY TRANSMIT
Page 112 and 113: Figure 7.3 Prevalence of STIs and S
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Table 7.8 Prevalence of medical inj
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Table 8.1 Comprehensive knowledge a
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Table 8.2 Age at first sexual inter
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Never-married women and men age 15-
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Figure 8.3 Condom Use at Premarital
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Table 8.5.2 Higher-risk sexual inte
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Table 8.6 Age-mixing in sexual rela
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8.9 HIV TESTING AMONG YOUNG PEOPLEK
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HIV PREVALENCE 99.1 INTRODUCTIONPri
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Table 9.1 Coverage of HIV testing b
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Table 9.1—ContinuedBackgroundchar
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Table 9.3 HIV prevalence by ageAmon
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There are large variations in HIV p
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Table 9.5 shows that men who are cu
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Women who said they had higher-risk
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Table 9.8 shows data on HIV prevale
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Table 9.11 HIV prevalence by male c
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INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY 1010.1 I
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As expected, the level of infant an
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category (1.41) is 41 percent highe
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11.1 OWNERSHIP AND USE OF MOSQUITO
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carrying mosquitoes. Much of the fi
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11.2 USE OF ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS DURI
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11.3 TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WITH FEV
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11.4.1 Type and Timing of Antimalar
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11.4.2 Availability of Drug at Home
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11.6 SOURCE OF MOSQUITO NETSUntil l
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In spite of steady increases in ITN
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ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN 12P
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12.2 ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDRE
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12.3.1 School Attendance by Survivo
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While there are no differences in p
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Table 12.7 Widows dispossessed of p
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Table 12.9 External support for orp
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REFERENCESAgot, K.E., J.O. Ndinya-A
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SAMPLE IMPLEMENTATIONAPPENDIX AAppe
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Table A.2 Sample implementation: Me
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Table A.4 Coverage of HIV testing a
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Table A.6 Coverage of HIV testing a
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where h represents the stratum whic
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Table B.2 Sampling errors for Natio
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Table B.4 Sampling errors for Rural
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Table B.6 Sampling errors for Mainl
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Table B.8 Sampling errors for Mainl
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Table B.10 Sampling errors for Zanz
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Table B.12 Sampling errors for Nort
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Table B.14 Sampling errors for Sout
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Table B.16 Sampling errors for East
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Table B.18 Sampling errors for Dodo
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Table B.20 Sampling errors for Kili
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Table B.22 Sampling errors for Moro
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Table B.24 Sampling errors for Dar
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Table B.26 Sampling errors for Mtwa
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Table B.28 Sampling errors for Irin
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Table B.30 Sampling errors for Sing
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Table B.32 Sampling errors for Rukw
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Table B.34 Sampling errors for Shin
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Table B.36 Sampling errors for Mwan
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Table B.38 Sampling errors for Many
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Table B.40 Sampling errors for Pemb
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216 | Appendix B
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Joyce MbambaYulitha MwakasoleRemigi
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QUESTIONNAIRESAppendix DAppendix D
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULEIntroduction and
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IF AGE 0-17 YEARSIF AGE 5 YEARS OR
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IF AGE 0-17 YEARSLINE SICK CARE SUR
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HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICSNO. QUESTI
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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SUPPORT FOR SICK PEOPLENO. QUESTION
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSSUPPORT FOR
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSCODING CATE
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CHILD 4 CHILD 5 CHILD 6502 LINE NUM
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515 CHECK 509:NUMBER OF CHILDREN WI
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UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIATANZANIA
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213 214 215 216217 218219 220221222
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LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH SECON
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LASTSEXUAL PARTNERSECOND-TO-LASTSEX
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SECTION 7 - HIV TESTTHIS PAGE TO BE
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