Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey ... - Measure DHS

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Regarding education differentials, seven in ten couples reported that both the husband and thewife have some education, while 7 percent of couples reported that both the husband and the wifehave no education. Husbands were more likely than their wives to have some education (15 percent),while in 6 percent of couples, the wife had some education but her husband had none.Figure 3.5 Difference in Education Between Husband and Wife7160402015760Both husbandand wife haveno education80 Percent Husband hasWife hassome education, some education,wife has none husband has noneEducation differenceTHMIS 2007-08Both husbandand wife havesome education3.10 MALE CIRCUMCISIONMale circumcision involves the removal of some or all of the foreskin of the penis. Malecircumcision—removal of the foreskin of the penis—is common in cultures throughout the world andhas been shown to decrease the risk of HIV infection, in part because of physiological differences thatreduce the susceptibility to HIV infection among circumcised men. (Auvert et al., 2005; NIAID,2006).Male circumcision places men at greater risk of being infected with HIV/AIDS because theprocedure in Tanzania is usually performed on groups of children in non-sterile environments. If onemember in the group is HIV positive, there is a high chance that others may become infected. On theother hand, some researchers argue that male circumcision has a protective effect against the spread ofHIV and other sexually transmitted infections (Agot et al., 2004).To measure trends in the practice of male circumcision, as it relates to HIV prevalence, the2007-08 THMIS asked men whether they were circumcised. Data on the prevalence of malecircumcision among men age 15-49 are presented in Table 3.9.The results show that two in three men age 15-49 in Tanzania are circumcised, and urban menare more likely to be circumcised than rural men (88 percent and 60 percent, respectively).Differentials between regions show that practically all men in Zanzibar (99 percent) are circumcisedcompared with 66 percent in Mainland Tanzania. The prevalence of circumcision is lowest inShinyanga (21 percent), Rukwa (24 percent), and Iringa (29 percent).Characteristics of Respondents | 35
There is a positive relationship between the prevalence of circumcision and men’s level ofeducation; 54 percent for men with no education are circumcised compared with 85 percent of menwith secondary or higher education (Figure 3.6).The prevalence of circumcision is also positively related to household wealth status; 52percent of men in the lowest wealth quintile have been circumcised compared with 91 percent of menin the highest wealth quintile.Table 3.9 Male circumcisionPercentage of men age 15-49 who reportedhaving been circumcised, by backgroundcharacteristics, THMIS 2007-08BackgroundcharacteristicPercentagecircumcisedNumberof menResidenceUrban 88.4 1,699Rural 59.9 5,276Region/IslandMainland 65.8 6,763Arusha 96.1 262Dar es Salaam 97.7 580Dodoma 97.5 255Iringa 29.1 286Kagera 38.2 397Kigoma 70.7 292Kilimanjaro 94.8 271Lindi 100.0 164Manyara 97.9 203Mara 86.1 243Mbeya 29.8 496Morogoro 94.7 340Mtwara 97.4 209Mwanza 56.4 608Pwani 99.2 119Rukwa 23.9 264Ruvuma 75.4 287Shinyanga 20.9 633Singida 83.4 153Tabora 38.0 404Tanga 97.1 298Zanzibar 98.6 212Pemba 98.5 63Unguja 98.7 148EducationNo education 53.8 829Primary incomplete 56.1 1,534Primary complete 69.4 3,597Secondary + 84.8 1,016Wealth quintileLowest 52.4 1,173Second 54.9 1,411Middle 59.1 1,322Fourth 69.9 1,395Highest 90.7 1,670Total 15-49 66.8 6,97536 | Characteristics of Respondents
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TanzaniaHIV/AIDS and MalariaIndicat
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The 2007-08 Tanzania HIV/AIDS and M
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3.5 Access to Mass Media ..........
Page 7 and 8: 12.2 Orphans and Vulnerable Childre
Page 9 and 10: Table 4.3Table 4.4Table 4.5Table 4.
Page 11 and 12: Figure 9.2 HIV Prevlence by Region/
Page 14: FOREWORDThis report presents the ma
Page 18 and 19: SUMMARY OF FINDINGSThe 2007-08 Tanz
Page 20 and 21: HIV prevalence among youth (women a
Page 23 and 24: xxii | Map of Tanzania
Page 25 and 26: 1.2 NATIONAL POLICY ON HIV/AIDSIn r
Page 27 and 28: To assess levels and trends in know
Page 29 and 30: 1.8 FIELDWORKData collection was ca
Page 31 and 32: Table 1.1 Results of the household
Page 33 and 34: Figure 2.1 presents a graphic pictu
Page 35 and 36: Table 2.3.1 Educational attainment
Page 37 and 38: Educational attainment is higher in
Page 39 and 40: 2.5.1 Energy SourcesTable 2.5 prese
Page 41 and 42: The most common items are agricultu
Page 43 and 44: The 2007-08 THMIS included aquestio
Page 45 and 46: Table 3.1—ContinuedBackgroundchar
Page 47 and 48: Education is positively related to
Page 49 and 50: Table 3.3.2 Employment status: MenP
Page 51 and 52: Table 3.4.1 Exposure to mass media:
Page 53 and 54: 3.6 CURRENT MARITAL STATUSMarriage
Page 55 and 56: Polygyny also varies by household w
Page 57: Four in ten women age 20-49 marry b
Page 62 and 63: FERTILITY AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 4
Page 64 and 65: Table 4.2 Fertility by background c
Page 66 and 67: infertility, 1 or the inability to
Page 68 and 69: 4.3 ADOLESCENT FERTILITYAdolescent
Page 70 and 71: Table 4.7 Antenatal carePercent dis
Page 72: Table 4.8 Place of antenatal carePe
Page 75 and 76: Table 5.1 Knowledge of AIDSPercenta
Page 77 and 78: The use of condoms as an effective
Page 79 and 80: Table 5.3.2 Comprehensive knowledge
Page 81 and 82: more education) and those in the fo
Page 83 and 84: Table 5.5.1 Exposure to HIV educati
Page 85 and 86: 5.6 KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE CONCERNI
Page 87 and 88: Table 5.6.2 Knowledge and attitudes
Page 89 and 90: Table 6.1.1 Accepting attitudes tow
Page 91 and 92: Stigma is also found to vary with l
Page 93 and 94: 6.3 ATTITUDES OF ADULTS TOWARDS EDU
Page 96 and 97: HIV/AIDS-RELATED BEHAVIOUR 77.1 INT
Page 98 and 99: Table 7.2.1 Recent sexual activity:
Page 100 and 101: Figure 7.1 Recent Sexual Intercours
Page 102 and 103: Table 7.3.2 Multiple sexual partner
Page 104 and 105: Table 7.4 Payment for sexual interc
Page 106 and 107: Table 7.5.1 Coverage of prior HIV t
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Figure 7.2 Prior HIV Testing by Edu
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7.7 PREVALENCE OF SEXUALLY TRANSMIT
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Figure 7.3 Prevalence of STIs and S
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Table 7.8 Prevalence of medical inj
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Table 8.1 Comprehensive knowledge a
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Table 8.2 Age at first sexual inter
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Never-married women and men age 15-
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Figure 8.3 Condom Use at Premarital
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Table 8.5.2 Higher-risk sexual inte
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Table 8.6 Age-mixing in sexual rela
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8.9 HIV TESTING AMONG YOUNG PEOPLEK
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HIV PREVALENCE 99.1 INTRODUCTIONPri
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Table 9.1 Coverage of HIV testing b
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Table 9.1—ContinuedBackgroundchar
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Table 9.3 HIV prevalence by ageAmon
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There are large variations in HIV p
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Table 9.5 shows that men who are cu
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Women who said they had higher-risk
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Table 9.8 shows data on HIV prevale
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Table 9.11 HIV prevalence by male c
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INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY 1010.1 I
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As expected, the level of infant an
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category (1.41) is 41 percent highe
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11.1 OWNERSHIP AND USE OF MOSQUITO
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carrying mosquitoes. Much of the fi
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11.2 USE OF ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS DURI
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11.3 TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WITH FEV
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11.4.1 Type and Timing of Antimalar
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11.4.2 Availability of Drug at Home
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11.6 SOURCE OF MOSQUITO NETSUntil l
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In spite of steady increases in ITN
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ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN 12P
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12.2 ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDRE
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12.3.1 School Attendance by Survivo
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While there are no differences in p
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Table 12.7 Widows dispossessed of p
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Table 12.9 External support for orp
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REFERENCESAgot, K.E., J.O. Ndinya-A
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SAMPLE IMPLEMENTATIONAPPENDIX AAppe
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Table A.2 Sample implementation: Me
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Table A.4 Coverage of HIV testing a
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Table A.6 Coverage of HIV testing a
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where h represents the stratum whic
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Table B.2 Sampling errors for Natio
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Table B.4 Sampling errors for Rural
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Table B.6 Sampling errors for Mainl
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Table B.8 Sampling errors for Mainl
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Table B.10 Sampling errors for Zanz
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Table B.12 Sampling errors for Nort
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Table B.14 Sampling errors for Sout
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Table B.16 Sampling errors for East
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Table B.18 Sampling errors for Dodo
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Table B.20 Sampling errors for Kili
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Table B.22 Sampling errors for Moro
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Table B.24 Sampling errors for Dar
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Table B.26 Sampling errors for Mtwa
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Table B.28 Sampling errors for Irin
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Table B.30 Sampling errors for Sing
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Table B.32 Sampling errors for Rukw
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Table B.34 Sampling errors for Shin
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Table B.36 Sampling errors for Mwan
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Table B.38 Sampling errors for Many
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Table B.40 Sampling errors for Pemb
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216 | Appendix B
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Joyce MbambaYulitha MwakasoleRemigi
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QUESTIONNAIRESAppendix DAppendix D
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULEIntroduction and
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IF AGE 0-17 YEARSIF AGE 5 YEARS OR
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IF AGE 0-17 YEARSLINE SICK CARE SUR
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HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICSNO. QUESTI
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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SUPPORT FOR SICK PEOPLENO. QUESTION
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSSUPPORT FOR
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSCODING CATE
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CHILD 4 CHILD 5 CHILD 6502 LINE NUM
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515 CHECK 509:NUMBER OF CHILDREN WI
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UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIATANZANIA
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213 214 215 216217 218219 220221222
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LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH SECON
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LASTSEXUAL PARTNERSECOND-TO-LASTSEX
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SECTION 7 - HIV TESTTHIS PAGE TO BE
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