Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey ... - Measure DHS

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Figure 3.2 Women and Men Age 15-49 by Current Marital Status64605350404230242010125070 Percent Marital statusWomen MenNever married Currently married Formerly marriedTHMIS 2007-083.7 POLYGYNYPolygyny (i.e., the practice of having more than one spouse) is common in Africa and hasimplications for the frequency of sexual activity and for the fertility rate. Currently married men wereasked, “Do you have more than one wife or woman with whom you are living as if married?”For women the question was, “Besides yourself, does your husband/partner have other wives or doeshe live with other women as if married?”Table 3.6 shows the distribution of married women by number of co-wives and thedistribution of men by number of wives, according to background characteristics. About 23 percent ofwomen have co-wives and 12 percent of men have more than one wife. The extent of polygynyincreases gradually with age. For men, the proportion with two or more wives increases from 3percent among men age 20-24, to 20 percent among men age 45-49. Figure 3.3 illustrates thedistribution of women and men in polygynous unions by age.Differentials in polygyny by residence are marked; polygynous unions for women (i.e., cowives)are 13 percent in urban areas and 26 percent in rural areas. For men, the proportions are 4 and13 percent, respectively.There are large differentials across regions. Polygyny among married women is slightlyhigher in Zanzibar (27 percent) than in Mainland (23 percent). Men in Zanzibar are more likely thanmen in Mainland to be in polygynous unions (18 and 11 percent, respectively). Mara region has thehighest proportion of women with co-wives (38 percent) while Kilimanjaro, (6 percent) and Dar esSalaam (11 percent) have the lowest proportionsThe practice of polygyny is inversely related to level of education. For example, 30 percent ofwomen with no education have co-wives compared with 11 percent of women with a secondary orhigher education.Characteristics of Respondents | 31
Polygyny also varies by household wealth status. Women and men in households in the lowerwealth quintiles are more likely to have multiple spouses/partners than those in households in thehigher quintiles.Table 3.6 Number of wives and co-wivesPercent distribution of currently married women age 15-49 by number of co-wives and percent distribution of currently marriedmen age 15-49 by number of wives, according to background characteristics, Tanzania HMIS 2007-08BackgroundWomenMencharacteristic 0 1 2+ Missing Total Number 1 2+ Missing Total NumberAge15-19 87.8 8.0 3.4 0.9 100.0 422 * * * 100.0 2420-24 83.7 12.0 3.7 0.6 100.0 1,191 96.6 3.4 0.0 100.0 32225-29 81.2 13.5 4.8 0.5 100.0 1,258 95.0 5.0 0.0 100.0 66930-34 73.7 19.0 6.8 0.5 100.0 1,048 88.8 11.0 0.2 100.0 85035-39 70.2 21.6 7.9 0.2 100.0 946 87.1 12.7 0.2 100.0 75340-44 70.5 21.6 7.6 0.3 100.0 587 83.8 15.9 0.3 100.0 54745-49 68.0 22.6 8.9 0.5 100.0 531 79.5 19.9 0.6 100.0 535ResidenceUrban 87.4 10.0 2.6 0.0 100.0 1,341 95.2 4.4 0.4 100.0 759Rural 73.8 18.6 6.9 0.6 100.0 4,642 86.4 13.4 0.2 100.0 2,941Region/IslandMainland 77.0 16.5 6.0 0.5 100.0 5,814 88.4 11.4 0.2 100.0 3,608Arusha 71.5 14.0 14.5 0.0 100.0 260 96.5 3.5 0.0 100.0 145Dar es Salaam 89.2 8.9 1.8 0.0 100.0 437 96.4 2.9 0.7 100.0 243Dodoma 77.9 20.0 2.1 0.0 100.0 230 91.4 8.6 0.0 100.0 139Iringa 74.3 18.9 6.2 0.6 100.0 251 88.4 10.7 0.9 100.0 148Kagera 79.5 11.8 6.7 2.0 100.0 319 89.8 10.2 0.0 100.0 209Kigoma 80.1 15.8 1.5 2.6 100.0 260 90.1 9.0 0.9 100.0 161Kilimanjaro 94.1 3.7 2.2 0.0 100.0 197 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 109Lindi 76.1 15.8 8.2 0.0 100.0 163 85.8 14.2 0.0 100.0 103Manyara 70.9 18.9 10.2 0.0 100.0 186 84.6 15.4 0.0 100.0 112Mara 61.5 23.4 14.4 0.7 100.0 222 79.9 20.1 0.0 100.0 124Mbeya 74.2 20.1 5.4 0.4 100.0 401 83.7 16.3 0.0 100.0 270Morogoro 84.3 8.2 7.5 0.0 100.0 310 94.2 5.8 0.0 100.0 215Mtwara 68.2 22.1 9.2 0.6 100.0 217 88.8 11.2 0.0 100.0 140Mwanza 78.9 17.7 2.9 0.4 100.0 510 87.9 12.1 0.0 100.0 302Pwani 78.1 18.7 3.2 0.0 100.0 120 94.9 5.1 0.0 100.0 60Rukwa 82.9 11.7 4.5 1.0 100.0 221 87.6 12.4 0.0 100.0 161Ruvuma 80.8 14.6 3.7 0.9 100.0 243 91.6 8.4 0.0 100.0 164Shinyanga 69.4 20.3 9.9 0.4 100.0 516 80.3 18.8 0.8 100.0 340Singida 80.8 16.9 2.4 0.0 100.0 135 89.8 10.2 0.0 100.0 77Tabora 67.0 25.9 7.2 0.0 100.0 360 81.8 18.2 0.0 100.0 238Tanga 80.5 16.3 3.2 0.0 100.0 254 88.1 11.9 0.0 100.0 146Zanzibar 71.9 23.6 3.7 0.8 100.0 168 81.9 18.0 0.1 100.0 93Pemba 68.8 26.2 4.8 0.1 100.0 56 82.0 17.7 0.3 100.0 28Unguja 73.4 22.2 3.2 1.1 100.0 112 81.9 18.1 0.0 100.0 65EducationNo education 69.5 21.1 8.9 0.5 100.0 1,509 84.9 15.1 0.0 100.0 525Primary incomplete 72.9 19.0 7.7 0.3 100.0 829 87.2 12.5 0.3 100.0 563Primary complete 80.0 14.9 4.5 0.5 100.0 3,299 88.7 11.1 0.2 100.0 2,250Secondary + 88.5 8.8 2.6 0.2 100.0 346 91.7 7.8 0.5 100.0 363Wealth quintileLowest 72.1 19.2 8.4 0.3 100.0 1,127 84.9 14.9 0.2 100.0 673Second 73.1 19.3 6.9 0.7 100.0 1,198 87.7 11.9 0.4 100.0 813Middle 74.0 19.0 6.3 0.7 100.0 1,165 86.7 13.3 0.0 100.0 733Fourth 75.6 17.7 6.0 0.7 100.0 1,160 88.7 11.1 0.2 100.0 723Highest 87.9 9.3 2.8 0.1 100.0 1,332 92.9 6.9 0.2 100.0 759Total 76.9 16.7 6.0 0.5 100.0 5,983 88.2 11.6 0.2 100.0 3,701Note: An asterisk indicates that an estimate is based on fewer than 25 unweighted cases and has been suppressed.32 | Characteristics of Respondents
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TanzaniaHIV/AIDS and MalariaIndicat
Page 3 and 4: The 2007-08 Tanzania HIV/AIDS and M
Page 5 and 6: 3.5 Access to Mass Media ..........
Page 7 and 8: 12.2 Orphans and Vulnerable Childre
Page 9 and 10: Table 4.3Table 4.4Table 4.5Table 4.
Page 11 and 12: Figure 9.2 HIV Prevlence by Region/
Page 14: FOREWORDThis report presents the ma
Page 18 and 19: SUMMARY OF FINDINGSThe 2007-08 Tanz
Page 20 and 21: HIV prevalence among youth (women a
Page 23 and 24: xxii | Map of Tanzania
Page 25 and 26: 1.2 NATIONAL POLICY ON HIV/AIDSIn r
Page 27 and 28: To assess levels and trends in know
Page 29 and 30: 1.8 FIELDWORKData collection was ca
Page 31 and 32: Table 1.1 Results of the household
Page 33 and 34: Figure 2.1 presents a graphic pictu
Page 35 and 36: Table 2.3.1 Educational attainment
Page 37 and 38: Educational attainment is higher in
Page 39 and 40: 2.5.1 Energy SourcesTable 2.5 prese
Page 41 and 42: The most common items are agricultu
Page 43 and 44: The 2007-08 THMIS included aquestio
Page 45 and 46: Table 3.1—ContinuedBackgroundchar
Page 47 and 48: Education is positively related to
Page 49 and 50: Table 3.3.2 Employment status: MenP
Page 51 and 52: Table 3.4.1 Exposure to mass media:
Page 53: 3.6 CURRENT MARITAL STATUSMarriage
Page 57 and 58: Four in ten women age 20-49 marry b
Page 59 and 60: There is a positive relationship be
Page 62 and 63: FERTILITY AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 4
Page 64 and 65: Table 4.2 Fertility by background c
Page 66 and 67: infertility, 1 or the inability to
Page 68 and 69: 4.3 ADOLESCENT FERTILITYAdolescent
Page 70 and 71: Table 4.7 Antenatal carePercent dis
Page 72: Table 4.8 Place of antenatal carePe
Page 75 and 76: Table 5.1 Knowledge of AIDSPercenta
Page 77 and 78: The use of condoms as an effective
Page 79 and 80: Table 5.3.2 Comprehensive knowledge
Page 81 and 82: more education) and those in the fo
Page 83 and 84: Table 5.5.1 Exposure to HIV educati
Page 85 and 86: 5.6 KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE CONCERNI
Page 87 and 88: Table 5.6.2 Knowledge and attitudes
Page 89 and 90: Table 6.1.1 Accepting attitudes tow
Page 91 and 92: Stigma is also found to vary with l
Page 93 and 94: 6.3 ATTITUDES OF ADULTS TOWARDS EDU
Page 96 and 97: HIV/AIDS-RELATED BEHAVIOUR 77.1 INT
Page 98 and 99: Table 7.2.1 Recent sexual activity:
Page 100 and 101: Figure 7.1 Recent Sexual Intercours
Page 102 and 103: Table 7.3.2 Multiple sexual partner
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Table 7.4 Payment for sexual interc
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Table 7.5.1 Coverage of prior HIV t
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Figure 7.2 Prior HIV Testing by Edu
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7.7 PREVALENCE OF SEXUALLY TRANSMIT
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Figure 7.3 Prevalence of STIs and S
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Table 7.8 Prevalence of medical inj
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Table 8.1 Comprehensive knowledge a
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Table 8.2 Age at first sexual inter
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Never-married women and men age 15-
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Figure 8.3 Condom Use at Premarital
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Table 8.5.2 Higher-risk sexual inte
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Table 8.6 Age-mixing in sexual rela
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8.9 HIV TESTING AMONG YOUNG PEOPLEK
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HIV PREVALENCE 99.1 INTRODUCTIONPri
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Table 9.1 Coverage of HIV testing b
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Table 9.1—ContinuedBackgroundchar
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Table 9.3 HIV prevalence by ageAmon
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There are large variations in HIV p
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Table 9.5 shows that men who are cu
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Women who said they had higher-risk
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Table 9.8 shows data on HIV prevale
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Table 9.11 HIV prevalence by male c
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INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY 1010.1 I
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As expected, the level of infant an
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category (1.41) is 41 percent highe
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11.1 OWNERSHIP AND USE OF MOSQUITO
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carrying mosquitoes. Much of the fi
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11.2 USE OF ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS DURI
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11.3 TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WITH FEV
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11.4.1 Type and Timing of Antimalar
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11.4.2 Availability of Drug at Home
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11.6 SOURCE OF MOSQUITO NETSUntil l
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In spite of steady increases in ITN
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ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN 12P
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12.2 ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDRE
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12.3.1 School Attendance by Survivo
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While there are no differences in p
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Table 12.7 Widows dispossessed of p
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Table 12.9 External support for orp
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REFERENCESAgot, K.E., J.O. Ndinya-A
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SAMPLE IMPLEMENTATIONAPPENDIX AAppe
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Table A.2 Sample implementation: Me
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Table A.4 Coverage of HIV testing a
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Table A.6 Coverage of HIV testing a
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where h represents the stratum whic
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Table B.2 Sampling errors for Natio
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Table B.4 Sampling errors for Rural
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Table B.6 Sampling errors for Mainl
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Table B.8 Sampling errors for Mainl
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Table B.10 Sampling errors for Zanz
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Table B.12 Sampling errors for Nort
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Table B.14 Sampling errors for Sout
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Table B.16 Sampling errors for East
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Table B.18 Sampling errors for Dodo
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Table B.20 Sampling errors for Kili
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Table B.22 Sampling errors for Moro
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Table B.24 Sampling errors for Dar
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Table B.26 Sampling errors for Mtwa
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Table B.28 Sampling errors for Irin
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Table B.30 Sampling errors for Sing
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Table B.32 Sampling errors for Rukw
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Table B.34 Sampling errors for Shin
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Table B.36 Sampling errors for Mwan
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Table B.38 Sampling errors for Many
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Table B.40 Sampling errors for Pemb
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216 | Appendix B
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Joyce MbambaYulitha MwakasoleRemigi
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QUESTIONNAIRESAppendix DAppendix D
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULEIntroduction and
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IF AGE 0-17 YEARSIF AGE 5 YEARS OR
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IF AGE 0-17 YEARSLINE SICK CARE SUR
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HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICSNO. QUESTI
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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SUPPORT FOR SICK PEOPLENO. QUESTION
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSSUPPORT FOR
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSCODING CATE
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CHILD 4 CHILD 5 CHILD 6502 LINE NUM
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515 CHECK 509:NUMBER OF CHILDREN WI
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UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIATANZANIA
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213 214 215 216217 218219 220221222
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LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH SECON
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LASTSEXUAL PARTNERSECOND-TO-LASTSEX
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SECTION 7 - HIV TESTTHIS PAGE TO BE
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