Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey ... - Measure DHS

Education is positively related to household wealth quintile: 41 percent of women in thelowest quintile have no education compared with 5 percent of women in the highest wealth quintile.The same pattern is observed among men.3.4 EMPLOYMENT STATUS OF RESPONDENTSMale and female respondents age 15-49 were asked whether they were employed at the timeof the survey and if not, whether they were employed in the 12 months preceding the survey. Themeasurement of employment status can be difficult; however, because some work, especially work onfamily farms, in family businesses, or in the informal sector, is often not perceived as employment,and hence not reported as such. To avoid underestimating respondents’ employment status, the 2007-08 THMIS asked respondents several questions to probe for their employment status and to ensurecomplete coverage of employment in both the formal and informal sectors. Employed persons arethose who report that they are currently working (i.e., worked in the past seven days) and those whoworked at any time during the 12 months preceding the survey.Tables 3.3.1 and 3.3.2 show the results for employment. The proportion of women who arecurrently employed increases with age and with the number of living children. Employment amongrural women is higher than among urban women (78 and 66 percent, respectively). Women inShinyanga are more likely to be employed than women in other regions. On the other hand, women inArusha and Pemba (54 percent each) are the least likely to be employed.About 88 percent of women who are divorced, separated, or widowed are employedcompared with 83 percent of women in union and 46 percent of women who have never married.Women with no education and those who are in the two lowest wealth quintiles are more likely to beemployed than educated women or women in the highest wealth quintile. For example, 83 percent ofwomen with no education are currently employed compared with 51 percent of women who havesecondary or higher education.Table 3.3.1 Employment status: WomenPercent distribution of women age 15-49 by employment status, according to background characteristics,Tanzania HMIS 2007-08Employed in the 12months precedingthe surveyNotcurrentlyemployedNotemployedin the 12monthsprecedingthe surveyMissing/don'tknowBackgroundcharacteristicsCurrentlyemployed 1TotalNumber ofwomenAge15-19 44.1 4.1 51.0 0.8 100.0 1,98420-24 74.1 6.2 19.7 0.0 100.0 1,74625-29 82.6 5.3 12.0 0.1 100.0 1,60330-34 85.9 4.6 9.5 0.0 100.0 1,34635-39 86.8 5.8 7.5 0.0 100.0 1,17540-44 91.1 3.9 5.0 0.0 100.0 77445-49 89.9 5.2 4.9 0.0 100.0 714Marital statusNever married 46.1 3.9 49.3 0.7 100.0 2,214Married or living together 83.4 5.5 11.1 0.0 100.0 5,983Divorced/separated/widowed 87.7 5.0 7.3 0.0 100.0 1,147Number of living children0 47.4 4.3 47.7 0.6 100.0 2,3991-2 81.0 5.7 13.3 0.0 100.0 2,9723-4 86.8 4.7 8.6 0.0 100.0 2,1365+ 88.2 5.4 6.3 0.0 100.0 1,836ResidenceUrban 66.2 4.5 29.1 0.3 100.0 2,459Rural 78.3 5.3 16.3 0.1 100.0 6,884Continued…24 | Characteristics of Respondents