Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey ... - Measure DHS

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CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTS 33.1 INTRODUCTIONThis chapter provides a brief description of selected demographic and socio-economiccharacteristics of respondents to the 2007-08 THMIS, including age, sex, residence, education,economic status, employment, and marital status. Examination of these characteristics not only helpsto gauge the accuracy of the survey data, but also provides a look at trends in these characteristicsover time. Most importantly, these characteristics may correspond with other issues investigated in thesurvey, such as knowledge, attitudes, and behaviour related to HIV/AIDS and malaria prevention andtreatment.3.2 BACKGROUND CHARACTERISTICS OF RESPONDENTSTable 3.1 shows the distribution of women and men age 15-49 by background characteristics.The unweighted numbers reflect the actual observations during enumeration, while the weightednumbers are adjusted figures by the probability of selection of the respondents. A total of 9,343women and 6,975 men were interviewed in the survey. For both sexes, the proportion in each agegroup declines with increasing age, reflecting the young age structure of the population.One in four women (24 percent) have never been married, 54 percent are currently married,10 percent are living together, and 12 percent are formerly married (i.e., divorced, separated, orwidowed). The corresponding figures for men are 42, 47, 6 and 5 percent, respectively. Polygyny andremarriage among men may contribute to the differences between sexes.Table 3.1 Background characteristics of respondentsPercent distribution of women and men age 15-49 by background characteristics, Tanzania HMIS 2007-08BackgroundcharacteristicWeightedpercentageWomenWeightednumberUnweightednumberWeightedpercentageMenWeightednumberUnweightednumberAge15-19 21.2 1,984 2,138 25.3 1,768 1,88120-24 18.7 1,746 1,678 16.5 1,148 1,14925-29 17.2 1,603 1,512 14.4 1,004 93330-34 14.4 1,346 1,319 14.4 1,004 93135-39 12.6 1,175 1,154 12.1 842 83440-44 8.3 774 804 9.0 628 66945-49 7.6 714 738 8.3 581 578Marital statusNever married 23.7 2,214 2,503 42.0 2,931 3,124Married 54.2 5,066 5,154 47.0 3,275 3,250Living together 9.8 917 661 6.1 425 313Divorced/separated 9.1 848 780 4.6 319 266Widowed 3.2 298 245 0.3 24 22ResidenceUrban 26.3 2,459 2,172 24.4 1,699 1,499Rural 73.7 6,884 7,171 75.6 5,276 5,476Continued…Characteristics of Respondents | 21
Table 3.1—ContinuedBackgroundcharacteristicsWeightedpercentageWomenWeightednumberUnweightednumberWeightedpercentageMenWeightednumberUnweightednumberRegion/IslandMainland 96.7 9,034 6,673 97.0 6,763 5,185Arusha 4.1 383 306 3.8 262 215Dar es Salaam 8.5 797 448 8.3 580 321Dodoma 3.6 338 263 3.7 255 211Iringa 4.3 403 280 4.1 286 194Kagera 5.3 495 312 5.7 397 272Kigoma 4.4 414 362 4.2 292 274Kilimanjaro 4.1 379 321 3.9 271 242Lindi 2.6 246 287 2.4 164 214Manyara 2.8 263 326 2.9 203 287Mara 3.9 368 393 3.5 243 277Mbeya 6.2 581 292 7.1 496 263Morogoro 4.7 436 247 4.9 340 199Mtwara 3.5 324 267 3.0 209 177Mwanza 8.9 833 373 8.7 608 302Pwani 2.2 203 233 1.7 119 137Rukwa 3.4 314 312 3.8 264 255Ruvuma 4.0 372 335 4.1 287 273Shinyanga 8.0 750 390 9.1 633 352Singida 2.1 194 261 2.2 153 222Tabora 5.5 518 357 5.8 404 276Tanga 4.5 424 308 4.3 298 222Zanzibar 3.3 309 2,670 3.0 212 1,790Pemba 1.0 94 1,486 0.9 63 988Unguja 2.3 214 1,184 2.1 148 802EducationNo education 21.2 1,983 2,068 11.9 829 814Primary incomplete 16.2 1,517 1,562 22.0 1,534 1,607Primary complete 52.9 4,945 4,139 51.6 3,597 3,095Secondary + 9.6 898 1,574 14.6 1,016 1,459EmploymentCurrently employed 75.1 7,018 6,603 79.7 5,560 5,479Not currently employed 5.0 472 438 1.3 92 108Not employed in past12 months 19.7 1,837 2,287 18.9 1,316 1,378Missing 0.2 16 15 0.1 7 10Wealth quintileLowest 18.2 1,700 1,512 16.8 1,173 1,059Second 17.5 1,634 1,534 20.2 1,411 1,272Middle 18.8 1,757 1,652 18.9 1,322 1,297Fourth 20.0 1,867 2,213 20.0 1,395 1,623Highest 25.5 2,384 2,431 23.9 1,670 1,720Total 15-49 100.0 9,343 9,343 100.0 6,975 6,975Note: Education categories refer to the highest level of education attended, whether or not that level wascompleted.Three in four women and eight in ten men are currently employed compared with 5 percent ofwomen and 1 percent of men who are not currently employed. One in five women and men were notemployed in the 12 months preceding the survey. Respondents of both sexes are more likely to live inhouseholds in the two highest wealth quintiles than in households in the lower wealth quintiles.3.3 EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT BY BACKGROUND CHARACTERISTICSEducation provides people with knowledge and skills that can lead them to a better quality oflife. Level of education is correlated with patterns of reproductive and health-seeking behaviour.Table 3.2 presents the distribution of women and men age 15-49 by the highest level of educationattended, according to background characteristics.22 | Characteristics of Respondents
Page 1 and 2: TanzaniaHIV/AIDS and MalariaIndicat
Page 3 and 4: The 2007-08 Tanzania HIV/AIDS and M
Page 5 and 6: 3.5 Access to Mass Media ..........
Page 7 and 8: 12.2 Orphans and Vulnerable Childre
Page 9 and 10: Table 4.3Table 4.4Table 4.5Table 4.
Page 11 and 12: Figure 9.2 HIV Prevlence by Region/
Page 14: FOREWORDThis report presents the ma
Page 18 and 19: SUMMARY OF FINDINGSThe 2007-08 Tanz
Page 20 and 21: HIV prevalence among youth (women a
Page 23 and 24: xxii | Map of Tanzania
Page 25 and 26: 1.2 NATIONAL POLICY ON HIV/AIDSIn r
Page 27 and 28: To assess levels and trends in know
Page 29 and 30: 1.8 FIELDWORKData collection was ca
Page 31 and 32: Table 1.1 Results of the household
Page 33 and 34: Figure 2.1 presents a graphic pictu
Page 35 and 36: Table 2.3.1 Educational attainment
Page 37 and 38: Educational attainment is higher in
Page 39 and 40: 2.5.1 Energy SourcesTable 2.5 prese
Page 41 and 42: The most common items are agricultu
Page 43: The 2007-08 THMIS included aquestio
Page 47 and 48: Education is positively related to
Page 49 and 50: Table 3.3.2 Employment status: MenP
Page 51 and 52: Table 3.4.1 Exposure to mass media:
Page 53 and 54: 3.6 CURRENT MARITAL STATUSMarriage
Page 55 and 56: Polygyny also varies by household w
Page 57 and 58: Four in ten women age 20-49 marry b
Page 59 and 60: There is a positive relationship be
Page 62 and 63: FERTILITY AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 4
Page 64 and 65: Table 4.2 Fertility by background c
Page 66 and 67: infertility, 1 or the inability to
Page 68 and 69: 4.3 ADOLESCENT FERTILITYAdolescent
Page 70 and 71: Table 4.7 Antenatal carePercent dis
Page 72: Table 4.8 Place of antenatal carePe
Page 75 and 76: Table 5.1 Knowledge of AIDSPercenta
Page 77 and 78: The use of condoms as an effective
Page 79 and 80: Table 5.3.2 Comprehensive knowledge
Page 81 and 82: more education) and those in the fo
Page 83 and 84: Table 5.5.1 Exposure to HIV educati
Page 85 and 86: 5.6 KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE CONCERNI
Page 87 and 88: Table 5.6.2 Knowledge and attitudes
Page 89 and 90: Table 6.1.1 Accepting attitudes tow
Page 91 and 92: Stigma is also found to vary with l
Page 93 and 94: 6.3 ATTITUDES OF ADULTS TOWARDS EDU
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HIV/AIDS-RELATED BEHAVIOUR 77.1 INT
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Table 7.2.1 Recent sexual activity:
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Figure 7.1 Recent Sexual Intercours
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Table 7.3.2 Multiple sexual partner
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Table 7.4 Payment for sexual interc
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Table 7.5.1 Coverage of prior HIV t
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Figure 7.2 Prior HIV Testing by Edu
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7.7 PREVALENCE OF SEXUALLY TRANSMIT
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Figure 7.3 Prevalence of STIs and S
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Table 7.8 Prevalence of medical inj
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Table 8.1 Comprehensive knowledge a
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Table 8.2 Age at first sexual inter
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Never-married women and men age 15-
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Figure 8.3 Condom Use at Premarital
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Table 8.5.2 Higher-risk sexual inte
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Table 8.6 Age-mixing in sexual rela
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8.9 HIV TESTING AMONG YOUNG PEOPLEK
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HIV PREVALENCE 99.1 INTRODUCTIONPri
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Table 9.1 Coverage of HIV testing b
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Table 9.1—ContinuedBackgroundchar
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Table 9.3 HIV prevalence by ageAmon
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There are large variations in HIV p
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Table 9.5 shows that men who are cu
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Women who said they had higher-risk
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Table 9.8 shows data on HIV prevale
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Table 9.11 HIV prevalence by male c
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INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY 1010.1 I
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As expected, the level of infant an
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category (1.41) is 41 percent highe
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11.1 OWNERSHIP AND USE OF MOSQUITO
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carrying mosquitoes. Much of the fi
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11.2 USE OF ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS DURI
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11.3 TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WITH FEV
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11.4.1 Type and Timing of Antimalar
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11.4.2 Availability of Drug at Home
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11.6 SOURCE OF MOSQUITO NETSUntil l
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In spite of steady increases in ITN
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ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN 12P
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12.2 ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDRE
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12.3.1 School Attendance by Survivo
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While there are no differences in p
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Table 12.7 Widows dispossessed of p
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Table 12.9 External support for orp
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REFERENCESAgot, K.E., J.O. Ndinya-A
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SAMPLE IMPLEMENTATIONAPPENDIX AAppe
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Table A.2 Sample implementation: Me
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Table A.4 Coverage of HIV testing a
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Table A.6 Coverage of HIV testing a
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where h represents the stratum whic
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Table B.2 Sampling errors for Natio
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Table B.4 Sampling errors for Rural
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Table B.6 Sampling errors for Mainl
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Table B.8 Sampling errors for Mainl
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Table B.10 Sampling errors for Zanz
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Table B.12 Sampling errors for Nort
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Table B.14 Sampling errors for Sout
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Table B.16 Sampling errors for East
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Table B.18 Sampling errors for Dodo
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Table B.20 Sampling errors for Kili
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Table B.22 Sampling errors for Moro
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Table B.24 Sampling errors for Dar
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Table B.26 Sampling errors for Mtwa
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Table B.28 Sampling errors for Irin
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Table B.30 Sampling errors for Sing
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Table B.32 Sampling errors for Rukw
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Table B.34 Sampling errors for Shin
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Table B.36 Sampling errors for Mwan
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Table B.38 Sampling errors for Many
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Table B.40 Sampling errors for Pemb
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216 | Appendix B
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Joyce MbambaYulitha MwakasoleRemigi
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QUESTIONNAIRESAppendix DAppendix D
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULEIntroduction and
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IF AGE 0-17 YEARSIF AGE 5 YEARS OR
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IF AGE 0-17 YEARSLINE SICK CARE SUR
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HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICSNO. QUESTI
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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SUPPORT FOR SICK PEOPLENO. QUESTION
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSSUPPORT FOR
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSCODING CATE
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CHILD 4 CHILD 5 CHILD 6502 LINE NUM
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515 CHECK 509:NUMBER OF CHILDREN WI
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UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIATANZANIA
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213 214 215 216217 218219 220221222
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LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH SECON
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LASTSEXUAL PARTNERSECOND-TO-LASTSEX
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SECTION 7 - HIV TESTTHIS PAGE TO BE
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