Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey ... - Measure DHS

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Table 2.3.2 Educational attainment of the male household populationPercent distribution of the de facto male household population age six and over by highest level of schooling attended or completed,according to background characteristics, Tanzania HMIS 2007-08BackgroundcharacteristicNoeducationSomeprimaryCompletedprimarySomesecondaryCompletedsecondaryMore thansecondaryDon'tknow/missing Total NumberAge6-9 37.5 61.8 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 100.0 2,61510-14 7.1 88.1 3.9 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.5 100.0 2,87915-19 7.2 39.5 36.3 17.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 100.0 2,00320-24 16.0 18.4 46.7 17.0 0.7 0.9 0.3 100.0 1,32725-29 14.1 16.8 57.2 7.6 0.9 3.1 0.4 100.0 1,17230-34 15.3 15.0 57.4 7.5 1.0 3.2 0.6 100.0 1,16035-39 12.0 11.9 63.5 9.2 0.5 2.2 0.7 100.0 97440-44 10.9 7.0 71.6 7.0 0.4 2.3 0.8 100.0 70345-49 17.6 17.0 53.1 7.6 0.4 2.7 1.5 100.0 65250-54 18.6 27.2 39.8 6.3 0.3 5.9 1.8 100.0 46255-59 31.2 39.2 22.8 4.0 0.0 2.4 0.3 100.0 45060-64 41.3 38.4 12.7 2.2 0.2 4.8 0.3 100.0 30065+ 50.3 38.0 8.7 1.3 0.1 0.7 0.9 100.0 874Don't know/missing 65.7 21.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.4 100.0 9ResidenceUrban 9.1 35.8 34.8 14.9 0.9 3.9 0.5 100.0 3,493Rural 22.1 44.1 28.5 4.0 0.1 0.5 0.6 100.0 12,085Mainland/ZanzibarMainland 19.2 42.3 30.4 5.9 0.3 1.2 0.6 100.0 15,130Mainland – Urban 9.2 35.8 35.7 14.1 0.9 3.8 0.6 100.0 3,347Dar es Salaam City 6.0 27.6 36.9 19.9 1.2 8.5 0.0 100.0 996Other Urban 10.5 39.2 35.1 11.6 0.8 1.9 0.8 100.0 2,350Mainland – Rural 22.1 44.2 29.0 3.6 0.1 0.5 0.6 100.0 11,784Zanzibar 17.9 40.7 13.4 24.2 0.6 2.6 0.7 100.0 448Region/IslandArusha 20.2 36.6 32.3 8.4 0.3 1.4 0.9 100.0 617Dar es Salaam 6.7 27.3 37.6 19.2 1.1 8.1 0.0 100.0 1,054Dodoma 31.4 39.9 25.0 2.7 0.0 0.9 0.0 100.0 618Iringa 15.5 51.1 28.5 4.1 0.0 0.6 0.2 100.0 722Kagera 14.1 50.6 27.3 6.8 0.0 1.0 0.2 100.0 877Kigoma 21.5 37.3 32.3 6.3 0.3 1.0 1.3 100.0 641Kilimanjaro 5.0 45.8 34.7 11.2 0.3 2.0 1.0 100.0 680Lindi 20.3 44.6 29.0 4.5 0.7 0.2 0.7 100.0 393Manyara 22.3 44.6 29.4 2.5 0.1 0.5 0.6 100.0 493Mara 13.4 45.2 33.7 6.7 0.2 0.1 0.7 100.0 562Mbeya 15.0 43.2 32.0 8.8 0.0 0.6 0.4 100.0 995Morogoro 18.6 44.4 31.6 3.3 0.0 1.8 0.3 100.0 762Mtwara 22.4 43.3 31.4 2.8 0.2 0.0 0.0 100.0 481Mwanza 16.4 49.0 28.6 3.9 0.6 0.7 0.8 100.0 1,341Pwani 25.1 43.3 27.3 3.7 0.3 0.3 0.0 100.0 329Rukwa 23.9 43.6 27.3 3.8 0.4 1.0 0.0 100.0 575Ruvuma 12.6 44.7 36.6 5.1 0.2 0.3 0.5 100.0 613Shinyanga 31.2 33.5 29.7 4.1 0.0 0.1 1.5 100.0 1,365Singida 19.9 44.4 32.4 2.4 0.3 0.6 0.0 100.0 389Tabora 33.7 37.9 24.7 2.1 0.3 0.1 1.2 100.0 920Tanga 16.8 49.8 27.9 3.5 0.3 1.3 0.4 100.0 704Pemba 29.4 41.8 11.3 16.1 0.3 0.7 0.4 100.0 157Unguja 11.7 40.2 14.5 28.6 0.7 3.6 0.8 100.0 291ZoneWestern 29.9 35.7 28.7 3.9 0.1 0.3 1.4 100.0 2,926Northern 15.5 44.4 31.1 6.6 0.3 1.3 0.7 100.0 2,494Central 27.0 41.6 27.8 2.6 0.1 0.8 0.0 100.0 1,007Southern Highlands 17.4 45.8 29.7 6.1 0.1 0.7 0.3 100.0 2,292Lake 15.1 48.7 29.2 5.4 0.3 0.7 0.6 100.0 2,779Eastern 13.7 35.8 33.9 11.2 0.6 4.7 0.1 100.0 2,145Southern 17.8 44.2 32.9 4.2 0.3 0.2 0.4 100.0 1,487Zanzibar 17.9 40.7 13.4 24.2 0.6 2.6 0.7 100.0 448Wealth quintileLowest 34.6 43.4 20.1 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.8 100.0 2,959Second 24.2 44.6 28.9 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.5 100.0 3,119Middle 19.6 45.9 30.3 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.4 100.0 3,066Fourth 13.2 45.5 33.3 6.5 0.1 0.8 0.6 100.0 3,159Highest 5.7 32.5 36.3 18.3 1.2 5.3 0.6 100.0 3,271Total 19.2 42.3 30.0 6.5 0.3 1.3 0.6 100.0 15,578Note: Primary complete means completed standard 7 or 8, training after primary or pre-form 1. Some secondary education includesthose who attended secondary level, but did not complete form 6.Introduction | 13
Educational attainment is higher in Dar es Salaam and other urban areas than in rural areas.For example, only 10 percent of females in Dar es Salaam and 17 percent of those in other urban areasin Mainland Tanzania have received no education compared with 31 percent of rural females. Amongmales, the proportion is 6 percent in Dar es Salaam, 11 percent in other urban areas, and 22 percent inrural areas.Respondents’ level of education differs substantially across regions. In the Mainland, Dar esSalaam and Kilimanjaro have lowest proportion of females with no education (11 percent and 12percent). The same regions have the lowest proportion of males with no education (Dar es Salaam 7percent and Kilimanjaro 5 percent). Regions with the highest proportion of populations with noeducation are Tabora (43 percent) and Shinyanga (37 percent) for females, and Tabora (34 percent)and Dodoma (31 percent) for males.In Zanzibar, Unguja has the lowest proportion of population with no education (20 percent forfemales and 12 percent for males), while Pemba has the highest proportion (38 percent for femalesand 29 percent for males).Tables 2.3.1 and 2.3.2 also show educational attainment by wealth quintile, an indicator ofeconomic status. The wealth index has been tested in a number of countries in relation to inequalitiesin household income, use of health services, and health outcomes (Rutstein et al., 2000). It is anindicator of the level of wealth that is consistent with expenditure and income measures (Rutstein,1999). The wealth index was constructed using household asset data and principal componentanalysis. The asset information collected in the 2007-08 THMIS Household Questionnaire coversinformation on household ownership of a number of consumer items ranging from a television to abicycle or car, as well as dwelling characteristics such as source of drinking water, type of sanitationfacilities, and type of material used in flooring. Each asset was assigned a weight (factor score)generated through principal component analysis, and the resulting asset scores were standardized inrelation to a standard normal distribution with a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one(Rutstein and Johnson, 2004). Each household was then assigned a score for each asset, and the scoreswere summed for each household; individuals were ranked according to the total score of thehousehold in which they resided. The sample was then divided into quintiles from one (lowest) to five(highest).Results show that for both females and males, educational attainment is significantly higherfor those in the higher quintiles. For females, the proportion with no education ranges from 46 percentfor women in the lowest quintile to 10 percent for those in the highest quintile. For males, thecorresponding proportions range from 35 percent to 6 percent, respectively.2.5 HOUSING CHARACTERISTICSThe physical characteristics of the dwelling in which a household lives are importantdeterminants of the health status of household members, especially children. They can also be used asindicators of the socio-economic status of households. The 2007-08 THMIS respondents in thehousehold interview were asked a number of questions about their household environment, includingquestions on the source of drinking water, type of sanitation facility, type of flooring, walls and roof,and number of rooms in the dwelling. Other questions included sources of energy for cooking fuel andlighting, the number of rooms used for sleeping, and the availability of food in the household.Table 2.4 provides a number of indicators that are useful in monitoring household access toimproved drinking water (WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply andSanitation, 2005). Information on the source of drinking water is important because waterbornediseases, including diarrhoea and dysentery, are prevalent in Tanzania. The source of drinking wateris an indicator of whether the water is suitable for drinking. Sources which are likely to provide watersuitable for drinking are identified as improved sources. They include piped source within the14 | Introduction
Page 1 and 2: TanzaniaHIV/AIDS and MalariaIndicat
Page 3 and 4: The 2007-08 Tanzania HIV/AIDS and M
Page 5 and 6: 3.5 Access to Mass Media ..........
Page 7 and 8: 12.2 Orphans and Vulnerable Childre
Page 9 and 10: Table 4.3Table 4.4Table 4.5Table 4.
Page 11 and 12: Figure 9.2 HIV Prevlence by Region/
Page 14: FOREWORDThis report presents the ma
Page 18 and 19: SUMMARY OF FINDINGSThe 2007-08 Tanz
Page 20 and 21: HIV prevalence among youth (women a
Page 23 and 24: xxii | Map of Tanzania
Page 25 and 26: 1.2 NATIONAL POLICY ON HIV/AIDSIn r
Page 27 and 28: To assess levels and trends in know
Page 29 and 30: 1.8 FIELDWORKData collection was ca
Page 31 and 32: Table 1.1 Results of the household
Page 33 and 34: Figure 2.1 presents a graphic pictu
Page 35: Table 2.3.1 Educational attainment
Page 39 and 40: 2.5.1 Energy SourcesTable 2.5 prese
Page 41 and 42: The most common items are agricultu
Page 43 and 44: The 2007-08 THMIS included aquestio
Page 45 and 46: Table 3.1—ContinuedBackgroundchar
Page 47 and 48: Education is positively related to
Page 49 and 50: Table 3.3.2 Employment status: MenP
Page 51 and 52: Table 3.4.1 Exposure to mass media:
Page 53 and 54: 3.6 CURRENT MARITAL STATUSMarriage
Page 55 and 56: Polygyny also varies by household w
Page 57 and 58: Four in ten women age 20-49 marry b
Page 59 and 60: There is a positive relationship be
Page 62 and 63: FERTILITY AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 4
Page 64 and 65: Table 4.2 Fertility by background c
Page 66 and 67: infertility, 1 or the inability to
Page 68 and 69: 4.3 ADOLESCENT FERTILITYAdolescent
Page 70 and 71: Table 4.7 Antenatal carePercent dis
Page 72: Table 4.8 Place of antenatal carePe
Page 75 and 76: Table 5.1 Knowledge of AIDSPercenta
Page 77 and 78: The use of condoms as an effective
Page 79 and 80: Table 5.3.2 Comprehensive knowledge
Page 81 and 82: more education) and those in the fo
Page 83 and 84: Table 5.5.1 Exposure to HIV educati
Page 85 and 86: 5.6 KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE CONCERNI
Page 87 and 88:
Table 5.6.2 Knowledge and attitudes
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Table 6.1.1 Accepting attitudes tow
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Stigma is also found to vary with l
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6.3 ATTITUDES OF ADULTS TOWARDS EDU
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HIV/AIDS-RELATED BEHAVIOUR 77.1 INT
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Table 7.2.1 Recent sexual activity:
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Figure 7.1 Recent Sexual Intercours
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Table 7.3.2 Multiple sexual partner
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Table 7.4 Payment for sexual interc
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Table 7.5.1 Coverage of prior HIV t
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Figure 7.2 Prior HIV Testing by Edu
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7.7 PREVALENCE OF SEXUALLY TRANSMIT
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Figure 7.3 Prevalence of STIs and S
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Table 7.8 Prevalence of medical inj
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Table 8.1 Comprehensive knowledge a
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Table 8.2 Age at first sexual inter
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Never-married women and men age 15-
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Figure 8.3 Condom Use at Premarital
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Table 8.5.2 Higher-risk sexual inte
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Table 8.6 Age-mixing in sexual rela
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8.9 HIV TESTING AMONG YOUNG PEOPLEK
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HIV PREVALENCE 99.1 INTRODUCTIONPri
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Table 9.1 Coverage of HIV testing b
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Table 9.1—ContinuedBackgroundchar
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Table 9.3 HIV prevalence by ageAmon
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There are large variations in HIV p
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Table 9.5 shows that men who are cu
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Women who said they had higher-risk
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Table 9.8 shows data on HIV prevale
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Table 9.11 HIV prevalence by male c
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INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY 1010.1 I
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As expected, the level of infant an
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category (1.41) is 41 percent highe
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11.1 OWNERSHIP AND USE OF MOSQUITO
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carrying mosquitoes. Much of the fi
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11.2 USE OF ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS DURI
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11.3 TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WITH FEV
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11.4.1 Type and Timing of Antimalar
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11.4.2 Availability of Drug at Home
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11.6 SOURCE OF MOSQUITO NETSUntil l
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In spite of steady increases in ITN
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ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN 12P
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12.2 ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDRE
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12.3.1 School Attendance by Survivo
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While there are no differences in p
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Table 12.7 Widows dispossessed of p
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Table 12.9 External support for orp
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REFERENCESAgot, K.E., J.O. Ndinya-A
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SAMPLE IMPLEMENTATIONAPPENDIX AAppe
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Table A.2 Sample implementation: Me
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Table A.4 Coverage of HIV testing a
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Table A.6 Coverage of HIV testing a
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where h represents the stratum whic
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Table B.2 Sampling errors for Natio
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Table B.4 Sampling errors for Rural
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Table B.6 Sampling errors for Mainl
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Table B.8 Sampling errors for Mainl
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Table B.10 Sampling errors for Zanz
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Table B.12 Sampling errors for Nort
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Table B.14 Sampling errors for Sout
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Table B.16 Sampling errors for East
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Table B.18 Sampling errors for Dodo
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Table B.20 Sampling errors for Kili
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Table B.22 Sampling errors for Moro
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Table B.24 Sampling errors for Dar
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Table B.26 Sampling errors for Mtwa
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Table B.28 Sampling errors for Irin
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Table B.30 Sampling errors for Sing
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Table B.32 Sampling errors for Rukw
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Table B.34 Sampling errors for Shin
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Table B.36 Sampling errors for Mwan
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Table B.38 Sampling errors for Many
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Table B.40 Sampling errors for Pemb
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216 | Appendix B
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Joyce MbambaYulitha MwakasoleRemigi
Page 244:
QUESTIONNAIRESAppendix DAppendix D
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULEIntroduction and
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IF AGE 0-17 YEARSIF AGE 5 YEARS OR
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IF AGE 0-17 YEARSLINE SICK CARE SUR
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HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICSNO. QUESTI
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
SUPPORT FOR SICK PEOPLENO. QUESTION
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSSUPPORT FOR
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSCODING CATE
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CHILD 4 CHILD 5 CHILD 6502 LINE NUM
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515 CHECK 509:NUMBER OF CHILDREN WI
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UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIATANZANIA
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213 214 215 216217 218219 220221222
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LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH SECON
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LASTSEXUAL PARTNERSECOND-TO-LASTSEX
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SECTION 7 - HIV TESTTHIS PAGE TO BE
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