Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey ... - Measure DHS
Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey ... - Measure DHS
Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey ... - Measure DHS
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<strong>HIV</strong> prevalence among youth (women <strong>and</strong> menage 15-24) is 2 percent, 3 percent for Mainl<strong>and</strong><strong>and</strong> less than 1 percent for Zanzibar.MALARIAMosquito Nets. More than half (56 percent) ofhouseholds in Mainl<strong>and</strong> <strong>Tanzania</strong> <strong>and</strong> 82 percentof households in Zanzibar own at least one mosquitonet. In the 2004-05 T<strong>DHS</strong>, these figureswere 46 <strong>and</strong> 65 percent, respectively. Between2004-05 <strong>and</strong> 2007-08, ownership of ITNs increasedfrom 23 to 38 percent in Mainl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong>from 28 to 72 percent in Zanzibar.Overall, 36 percent of children under age fiveslept under a mosquito net the night before thesurvey (35 percent in Mainl<strong>and</strong> <strong>Tanzania</strong> <strong>and</strong> 69percent in Zanzibar). These figures are higherthan those reported in the 2004-05 T<strong>DHS</strong> (31percent in Mainl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> 55 percent in Zanzibar).One in four children under age five in Mainl<strong>and</strong><strong>Tanzania</strong> <strong>and</strong> three in five children (59 percent)in Zanzibar slept under an ITN the night beforethe survey.Overall, 27 percent of pregnant women in <strong>Tanzania</strong>slept under a mosquito net the night beforethe survey. Pregnant women in Mainl<strong>and</strong> <strong>Tanzania</strong>(26 percent) are less likely than those in Zanzibar(51 percent) to sleep under an ITN. Thesefigures are much higher than those reported inthe 2004-05 T<strong>DHS</strong> (15 percent for Mainl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong>20 percent for Zanzibar). A programme of subsidizedmosquito net distribution targeting pregnantwomen <strong>and</strong> children under five in Zanzibarmay contribute to the greater use of ITNs there.Antimalarials. Overall, 60 percent of pregnantwomen took an antimalaria drug during pregnancy(59 percent in Mainl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> 78 percent inZanzibar). The data suggest that intermittent preventivetreatment (IPT) using SP is integratedinto routine antenatal care; 57 percent of pregnantwomen in Mainl<strong>and</strong> <strong>Tanzania</strong> <strong>and</strong> 74 percentin Zanzibar reported receiving at least onedose of SP (IPT-1) during an ANC visit. However,only 30 percent of pregnant women inMainl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> 52 percent in Zanzibar receivedtwo or more doses of SP (IPT-2). These figuresshow an increase since the 2004-05 T<strong>DHS</strong>, when22 percent of pregnant women in Mainl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong>14 percent in Zanzibar received two or moredoses of SP.Prevalence of <strong>Malaria</strong>. Eighteen percent ofchildren under five in Mainl<strong>and</strong> <strong>Tanzania</strong> <strong>and</strong> 1percent in Zanzibar tested positive for malaria.These observations are similar to results obtainedin the 2006 NMCP Monitoring <strong>and</strong> Evaluation<strong>Survey</strong> <strong>and</strong> the Zanzibar 2007 RBM survey.REPRODUCTIVE HEALTHAntenatal Care. Most pregnant women in <strong>Tanzania</strong>received antenatal care from skilled personnel(4 percent by a doctor, 7 percent from aclinical officer or assistant clinical officer, 65percent from a nurse or midwife, <strong>and</strong> 21 percentfrom an MCH aide). There were no significantdifferences in the prevalence of antenatal care byage of mother, birth order, or urban-rural residence.Women in the Eastern, Southern <strong>and</strong> Centralzones are more likely than women in otherzones to receive ANC from a health professional.Place of Antenatal Care. More than half ofwomen in <strong>Tanzania</strong> receive antenatal care at dispensaries<strong>and</strong> 27 percent at health centres. Urbanwomen are more likely to receive antenatal careat a district hospital (17 percent) than ruralwomen (6 percent). More than half of women inrural areas receive antenatal care at dispensaries(55 percent).FERTILITYFertility Levels <strong>and</strong> Trends. The total fertilityrate (TFR) in <strong>Tanzania</strong> is 5.6 births per woman.This means that at current age-specific fertilityrates, a <strong>Tanzania</strong>n woman will give birth to anaverage of 5.6 children by the end of her lifetime.This rate is similar to rates estimated from the1996 T<strong>DHS</strong> (5.8 births) <strong>and</strong> the 1999 <strong>Tanzania</strong>Reproductive <strong>and</strong> Child Health <strong>Survey</strong> (TRCHS)(5.6 births). Thus, it appears that fertility has notdeclined in <strong>Tanzania</strong> for more than a decade.Nine percent of women age 15-49 were pregnantat the time of the survey, indicating that fertilitywill continue to be high, at least in the near future.Fertility Differentials. There is substantialvariation in fertility rates in <strong>Tanzania</strong>. The TFRin Mainl<strong>and</strong> is 5.6, compared with 4.9 in Zanzibar.Rural women have, on average, 3 morebirths than their urban counterparts (6.4 <strong>and</strong> 3.5births per woman, respectively). The TFR rangesfrom a low of 4.0 in the Eastern zone to a high of6.9 in the Western zone. Fertility is closely asso-Summary of Findings | xix