Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey ... - Measure DHS

While there are no differences in possession of basic needs among children by sex and urbanruralresidence, the percentage of children with the three basic needs increases with age, regardless ofOVC status. The possession of all three basic needs among children age 5-17 is higher in urban areasthan in rural areas (20 and 16 percent, respectively). The proportions are the same for OVCs in bothurban and rural areas (14 percent), but for non-OVCs, 22 percent of urban children have all threebasic needs, compared with 16 percent of rural children. In Mainland Tanzania, the percentage ofOVCs with the three basic needs ranges from zero in Dar es Salaam, Lindi, and Pwani to 43 percent inShinyanga. Among non-OVCs, possession of the three basic needs is 40 percent or higher inKilimanjaro (48 percent), Iringa (44 percent), and Mbeya (40 percent). In Zanzibar, possession of thethree basic needs is two times higher among OVCs than non-OVCs (4 percent compared with 2percent for children, respectively).12.4 ORPHANS NOT LIVING WITH SIBLINGSSibling relationships can be very close insituations where a parent is absent. It is particularlyimportant to maintain these relationships whenchildren are dealing with the loss of a parent. Table12.5 presents information on the proportion oforphans under the age of 18 with one or moresiblings also under age 18 who are not living with allof the other siblings. As Table 12.5 shows, one infour orphans under age 18 are not living with all oftheir siblings (26 percent). This proportion increaseswith age, from 14 percent among children age 0-4 to40 percent among children age 15-17. The percentageof orphans not living with all their siblingsin urban areas is 30 percent compared with 25percent in rural areas. Orphans who are not livingwith their siblings are as likely to have lost theirmother (maternal orphan) as their father (paternalorphans) (24 and 23 percent, respectively). Almosthalf of orphans who are not living with their siblingshave both parents dead (49 percent).In Mainland Tanzania, the percentage oforphans not living with all siblings is 26 percentcompared with 22 percent in Zanzibar. In Dar esSalaam City, the percentage of orphans not livingwith all siblings is slightly higher than that of otherurban areas (36 and 29 percent, respectively), whilein rural areas it is 25 percent. In Zanzibar, theproportion of orphans who are not living with theirsiblings is higher in Pemba (24 percent) than inUnguja (21 percent). Across zones in MainlandTanzania, the Eastern and Central zones have thehighest proportion of orphans who are not livingwith all siblings (39 percent), while the SouthernHighlands has the lowest proportion (18 percent).12.5 EARLY SEXUAL INTERCOURSEOrphans and vulnerable children may beexposed to greater risks of sexual abuse andexploitation than non-OVCs. In particular, girls maybe forced into the sex trade in exchange for food,Table 12.5 Orphan not living with siblingsAmong orphans under age 18 who have one or moresiblings under age 18, the percentage who do not live withall their siblings under age 18, by backgroundcharacteristics, Tanzania HMIS 2007-08BackgroundcharacteristicPercentage oforphans notliving with allsiblingsNumber oforphans withone or moresiblingsAge0-4 14.4 1485-9 16.0 41310-14 27.4 63515-17 40.0 343SexMale 24.3 796Female 27.6 743Orphanhood statusMaternal orphan 24.3 315Paternal orphan 23.1 1,073Both parents dead 49.1 152ResidenceUrban 29.7 313Rural 24.9 1,226Mainland/ZanzibarMainland 26.0 1,509Mainland – Urban 30.1 304Dar es Salaam City 36.0 59Other Urban 28.7 245Mainland – Rural 24.9 1,205Zanzibar 22.1 30Region/IslandPemba 23.6 11Unguja 21.3 19ZoneWestern 26.4 203Northern 26.6 215Central 39.0 73Southern Highlands 17.8 400Lake 25.6 364Eastern 39.1 176Southern 25.0 77Zanzibar 22.1 30Wealth quintileLowest 21.0 359Second 21.3 332Middle 25.4 320Fourth 28.1 286Highest 37.6 243Total 25.9 1,539Note: Table is based on children who usually live in thehouseholdOrphans and Vulnerable Children | 157