Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey ... - Measure DHS

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12.3.1 School Attendance by Survivorship of Parents and OVC StatusOrphans and vulnerable children may be at a greater risk of dropping out of school because oflack of money to pay school-related expenses or the need to stay at home to care for a sick parent orsibling. Table 12.3 presents school attendance rates among de jure children age 10-14 years bybackground characteristics. The first few columns of the table contrast the situation of two groups ofchildren: those whose parents are both dead and those children whose parents are both alive and theyare living with at least one parent.The data in Table 12.3 show that the differences in the proportion of children who areattending school by survival status of parents are small. Among children who have lost both parents,86 percent are attending school. This is only slightly lower than the proportion attending schoolamong children whose parents are both living and who live with at least one parent (89 percent). Thedifference in school attendance by OVC status is similar, 87 percent for OVCs, and 89 percent fornon-OVCs.For children with both parents deceased, male children are more likely than female children togo to school. However, the male-female differential is unclear for other groups of children, whetherOVCs or non-OVCs. The likelihood that an OVC is attending school varies little by sex. However,children in urban areas are more likely than those in rural areas to attend school, regardless of theirOVC status. Among OVCs, 90 percent in urban areas and 86 percent in rural areas are attendingschool compared with non-OVCs (95 and 86 percent, respectively). OVCs in Mainland Tanzania areless likely than those in Zanzibar to attend school (87 and 92 percent, respectively).The last column compares school attendance ratios for OVCs and non-OVCs. There areminimal differences across subgroups (ratio about one).Table 12.3 School attendance by survivorship of parents and by OVC statusFor de jure children 10-14 years of age, the percentage attending school by parental survival and by OVC status and the ratios of thepercentages attending for parental survival and OVC status, according to background characteristics, Tanzania HMIS 2007-08Percentage of children attending schoolby survivorship of parentsBothparentsalive; childliving withat least onePercentage of children attending schoolby OVC statusOVCNon-OVCBackgroundcharacteristicBothparentsdead Number parent Number Ratio 1 Percentageattendingschool NumberPercentageattendingschool Number Ratio 2SexMale 89.9 68 87.6 2,022 1.03 87.8 684 87.4 2,227 1.00Female 82.8 66 90.4 1,936 0.92 86.7 694 90.4 2,157 0.96ResidenceUrban 86.2 51 96.4 736 0.89 90.0 327 94.8 835 0.95Rural 86.5 82 87.3 3,223 0.99 86.4 1,051 87.5 3,548 0.99RegionMainland 86.4 133 89.0 3,832 0.97 87.1 1,354 88.9 4,235 0.98Zanzibar 89.5 1 88.4 127 1.01 92.1 24 89.0 148 1.03Wealth quintileLowest * 15 79.5 864 1.16 84.2 255 79.5 929 1.06Second * 14 86.1 734 0.66 81.5 267 86.1 816 0.95Middle * 22 90.4 749 1.02 89.3 283 90.4 860 0.99Fourth (85.4) 28 92.0 904 0.93 89.9 310 92.2 982 0.97Highest (90.9) 53 98.3 707 0.93 90.6 265 97.1 797 0.93Total 86.4 133 89.0 3,959 0.97 87.2 1,378 88.9 4,383 0.98Note: Table is based on children who usually live in the household. Figures in parentheses are based on 25-49 unweighted cases. Anasterisk indicates that an estimate is based on fewer than 25 unweighted cases and has been suppressed.1Ratio of the percentage with both parents deceased to the percentage with both parents alive and living with a parent2Ratio of the percentage OVC to the percentage non-OVCOrphans and Vulnerable Children | 155
12.3.2 Basic Material NeedsThe 2007-08 THMIS collected information on the availability of children’s basic minimummaterial needs. Children are considered to have their basic material needs met if they have a pair ofshoes, two sets of clothes, and a blanket. Table 12.4 shows that 17 percent of children age 5-17possess the specified basic needs. The proportion is 14 percent for OVCs and 17 percent for non-OVCs.Table 12.4 Possession of basic material needs by orphans and vulnerable childrenAmong de jure children age 5-17 years, the percentage possessing three minimum basic material needs, the percentages of OVC and non-OVC children who possess all three basic material needs, and the ratio of the percentage for OVC to the percentage for non-OVC, accordingto background characteristics, Tanzania HMIS 2007-08Among children age 5-17, percentagepossessing all three basic needs,by OVC statusAmong children age 5-17,OVCNon-OVCpercentage possessing:Two setsofclothesAll threebasicneeds 1NumberofchildrenPercentagepossessingall threebasic needsPercentagepossessingall threebasic needs Number Ratio 2BackgroundcharacteristicShoesBlanketNumberAge5-9 50.2 79.1 19.9 15.3 6,553 12.5 1,087 15.9 5,466 0.7910-14 58.3 82.7 21.3 17.1 5,762 14.4 1,378 18.0 4,383 0.8015-17 66.6 86.1 22.4 19.1 2,654 16.2 757 20.3 1,897 0.80SexMale 55.3 80.8 20.8 16.4 7,549 13.8 1,642 17.1 5,908 0.81Female 57.3 82.7 20.9 17.0 7,419 14.5 1,581 17.7 5,839 0.82ResidenceUrban 78.0 90.7 22.7 20.2 2,951 14.2 754 22.2 2,197 0.64Rural 50.9 79.5 20.4 15.8 12,018 14.2 2,468 16.3 9,549 0.87Mainland/ZanzibarMainland 55.2 81.2 21.4 17.1 14,516 14.3 3,164 17.9 11,352 0.80Mainland – Urban 77.3 90.4 23.6 20.9 2,821 14.3 735 23.2 2,086 0.62Dar es Salaam City 90.7 96.4 2.5 2.5 695 0.0 172 3.3 523 0.00Other Urban 72.9 88.5 30.5 26.9 2,126 18.7 562 29.9 1,564 0.63Mainland – Rural 49.8 79.0 20.9 16.2 11,695 14.4 2,429 16.7 9,265 0.86Zanzibar 90.4 97.2 2.1 2.1 453 3.9 58 1.8 395 2.18Region/IslandArusha 67.6 81.0 35.9 33.6 571 21.2 108 36.5 463 0.58Dar es Salaam 90.5 96.5 2.6 2.6 722 0.0 182 3.4 540 0.00Dodoma 53.2 87.8 7.3 6.4 618 1.7 127 7.7 491 0.23Iringa 54.4 77.5 48.9 35.4 721 19.4 246 43.7 475 0.44Kagera 39.5 76.7 21.9 12.5 945 6.8 203 14.0 742 0.49Kigoma 39.1 77.7 17.0 12.4 645 10.4 114 12.8 531 0.82Kilimanjaro 76.9 95.0 48.2 45.3 672 33.8 139 48.4 533 0.70Lindi 36.0 85.6 3.3 2.3 357 0.0 38 2.6 319 0.00Manyara 46.0 72.5 19.0 16.1 477 29.0 76 13.7 401 2.13Mara 61.8 71.9 20.4 17.7 622 11.8 162 19.7 460 0.60Mbeya 57.7 76.9 46.4 33.5 935 14.9 244 40.1 691 0.37Morogoro 58.8 85.8 10.7 9.6 707 5.8 163 10.7 544 0.54Mtwara 33.0 82.7 3.2 1.8 428 1.7 86 1.9 341 0.93Mwanza 58.9 85.3 13.0 11.7 1,440 16.0 271 10.7 1,169 1.50Pwani 44.4 78.0 3.0 1.9 320 0.0 60 2.4 260 0.00Rukwa 52.9 76.9 32.0 23.3 588 20.4 173 24.4 415 0.84Ruvuma 41.8 64.8 33.3 21.9 563 17.1 138 23.4 425 0.73Shinyanga 62.1 78.1 29.1 25.5 1,325 42.7 238 21.7 1,086 1.97Singida 34.1 80.8 5.6 4.0 369 1.1 66 4.7 303 0.23Tabora 53.0 85.2 5.3 5.1 903 1.3 174 6.0 729 0.21Tanga 53.5 84.0 12.2 10.8 588 8.0 154 11.7 434 0.68Pemba 92.1 98.2 0.8 0.8 174 2.7 20 0.5 153 5.32Unguja 89.3 96.7 3.0 2.9 279 4.6 38 2.6 241 1.75ZoneWestern 54.1 80.2 18.9 16.1 2,873 22.0 526 14.8 2,346 1.49Northern 62.2 84.1 29.9 27.6 2,308 21.9 477 29.1 1,831 0.75Central 46.1 85.1 6.7 5.5 987 1.5 193 6.5 794 0.23Southern Highlands 55.4 77.1 43.4 31.4 2,245 18.0 664 37.1 1,581 0.49Lake 53.4 79.8 17.3 13.2 3,008 12.0 637 13.5 2,371 0.89Eastern 69.3 88.8 5.9 5.3 1,748 2.3 404 6.2 1,344 0.38Southern 37.5 76.0 15.8 10.3 1,347 9.6 262 10.5 1,085 0.91Zanzibar 90.4 97.2 2.1 2.1 453 3.9 58 1.8 395 2.18Wealth quintileLowest 30.4 68.9 10.0 6.2 3,062 6.8 621 6.0 2,441 1.12Second 42.8 79.6 15.5 11.2 2,937 14.8 677 10.2 2,260 1.45Middle 52.7 79.8 21.8 16.2 3,003 12.5 655 17.3 2,348 0.72Fourth 69.1 86.6 28.1 22.8 3,213 15.4 675 24.7 2,538 0.62Highest 88.2 94.6 29.2 27.6 2,754 21.7 594 29.2 2,160 0.74Total 56.2 81.7 20.9 16.7 14,969 14.2 3,222 17.4 11,746 0.81Note: Table is based on children who usually live in the household1 Shoes, two sets of clothing, a blanket2 Ratio of the percentage OVC to the percentage non-OVC156 | Orphans and Vulnerable Children
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TanzaniaHIV/AIDS and MalariaIndicat
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The 2007-08 Tanzania HIV/AIDS and M
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3.5 Access to Mass Media ..........
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12.2 Orphans and Vulnerable Childre
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Table 4.3Table 4.4Table 4.5Table 4.
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Figure 9.2 HIV Prevlence by Region/
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FOREWORDThis report presents the ma
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SUMMARY OF FINDINGSThe 2007-08 Tanz
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HIV prevalence among youth (women a
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xxii | Map of Tanzania
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1.2 NATIONAL POLICY ON HIV/AIDSIn r
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To assess levels and trends in know
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1.8 FIELDWORKData collection was ca
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Table 1.1 Results of the household
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Figure 2.1 presents a graphic pictu
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Table 2.3.1 Educational attainment
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Educational attainment is higher in
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2.5.1 Energy SourcesTable 2.5 prese
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The most common items are agricultu
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The 2007-08 THMIS included aquestio
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Table 3.1—ContinuedBackgroundchar
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Education is positively related to
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Table 3.3.2 Employment status: MenP
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Table 3.4.1 Exposure to mass media:
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3.6 CURRENT MARITAL STATUSMarriage
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Polygyny also varies by household w
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Four in ten women age 20-49 marry b
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There is a positive relationship be
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FERTILITY AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 4
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Table 4.2 Fertility by background c
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infertility, 1 or the inability to
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4.3 ADOLESCENT FERTILITYAdolescent
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Table 4.7 Antenatal carePercent dis
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Table 4.8 Place of antenatal carePe
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Table 5.1 Knowledge of AIDSPercenta
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The use of condoms as an effective
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Table 5.3.2 Comprehensive knowledge
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more education) and those in the fo
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Table 5.5.1 Exposure to HIV educati
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5.6 KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE CONCERNI
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Table 5.6.2 Knowledge and attitudes
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Table 6.1.1 Accepting attitudes tow
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Stigma is also found to vary with l
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6.3 ATTITUDES OF ADULTS TOWARDS EDU
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HIV/AIDS-RELATED BEHAVIOUR 77.1 INT
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Table 7.2.1 Recent sexual activity:
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Figure 7.1 Recent Sexual Intercours
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Table 7.3.2 Multiple sexual partner
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Table 7.4 Payment for sexual interc
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Table 7.5.1 Coverage of prior HIV t
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Figure 7.2 Prior HIV Testing by Edu
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7.7 PREVALENCE OF SEXUALLY TRANSMIT
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Figure 7.3 Prevalence of STIs and S
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Table 7.8 Prevalence of medical inj
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Table 8.1 Comprehensive knowledge a
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Table 8.2 Age at first sexual inter
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Never-married women and men age 15-
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Figure 8.3 Condom Use at Premarital
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Table 8.5.2 Higher-risk sexual inte
Page 127 and 128: Table 8.6 Age-mixing in sexual rela
Page 129 and 130: 8.9 HIV TESTING AMONG YOUNG PEOPLEK
Page 132 and 133: HIV PREVALENCE 99.1 INTRODUCTIONPri
Page 134 and 135: Table 9.1 Coverage of HIV testing b
Page 136 and 137: Table 9.1—ContinuedBackgroundchar
Page 138 and 139: Table 9.3 HIV prevalence by ageAmon
Page 140 and 141: There are large variations in HIV p
Page 142 and 143: Table 9.5 shows that men who are cu
Page 144 and 145: Women who said they had higher-risk
Page 146 and 147: Table 9.8 shows data on HIV prevale
Page 148 and 149: Table 9.11 HIV prevalence by male c
Page 150 and 151: INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY 1010.1 I
Page 152 and 153: As expected, the level of infant an
Page 154: category (1.41) is 41 percent highe
Page 157 and 158: 11.1 OWNERSHIP AND USE OF MOSQUITO
Page 159 and 160: carrying mosquitoes. Much of the fi
Page 161 and 162: 11.2 USE OF ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS DURI
Page 163 and 164: 11.3 TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WITH FEV
Page 165 and 166: 11.4.1 Type and Timing of Antimalar
Page 167 and 168: 11.4.2 Availability of Drug at Home
Page 169 and 170: 11.6 SOURCE OF MOSQUITO NETSUntil l
Page 171 and 172: In spite of steady increases in ITN
Page 174 and 175: ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN 12P
Page 176 and 177: 12.2 ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDRE
Page 180 and 181: While there are no differences in p
Page 182 and 183: Table 12.7 Widows dispossessed of p
Page 184 and 185: Table 12.9 External support for orp
Page 186 and 187: REFERENCESAgot, K.E., J.O. Ndinya-A
Page 188 and 189: SAMPLE IMPLEMENTATIONAPPENDIX AAppe
Page 190 and 191: Table A.2 Sample implementation: Me
Page 192 and 193: Table A.4 Coverage of HIV testing a
Page 194: Table A.6 Coverage of HIV testing a
Page 197 and 198: where h represents the stratum whic
Page 199 and 200: Table B.2 Sampling errors for Natio
Page 201 and 202: Table B.4 Sampling errors for Rural
Page 203 and 204: Table B.6 Sampling errors for Mainl
Page 205 and 206: Table B.8 Sampling errors for Mainl
Page 207 and 208: Table B.10 Sampling errors for Zanz
Page 209 and 210: Table B.12 Sampling errors for Nort
Page 211 and 212: Table B.14 Sampling errors for Sout
Page 213 and 214: Table B.16 Sampling errors for East
Page 215 and 216: Table B.18 Sampling errors for Dodo
Page 217 and 218: Table B.20 Sampling errors for Kili
Page 219 and 220: Table B.22 Sampling errors for Moro
Page 221 and 222: Table B.24 Sampling errors for Dar
Page 223 and 224: Table B.26 Sampling errors for Mtwa
Page 225 and 226: Table B.28 Sampling errors for Irin
Page 227 and 228: Table B.30 Sampling errors for Sing
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Table B.32 Sampling errors for Rukw
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Table B.34 Sampling errors for Shin
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Table B.36 Sampling errors for Mwan
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Table B.38 Sampling errors for Many
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Table B.40 Sampling errors for Pemb
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216 | Appendix B
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Joyce MbambaYulitha MwakasoleRemigi
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QUESTIONNAIRESAppendix DAppendix D
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULEIntroduction and
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IF AGE 0-17 YEARSIF AGE 5 YEARS OR
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IF AGE 0-17 YEARSLINE SICK CARE SUR
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HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICSNO. QUESTI
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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SUPPORT FOR SICK PEOPLENO. QUESTION
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSSUPPORT FOR
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSCODING CATE
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CHILD 4 CHILD 5 CHILD 6502 LINE NUM
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515 CHECK 509:NUMBER OF CHILDREN WI
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UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIATANZANIA
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213 214 215 216217 218219 220221222
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LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH SECON
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LASTSEXUAL PARTNERSECOND-TO-LASTSEX
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SECTION 7 - HIV TESTTHIS PAGE TO BE
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