Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey ... - Measure DHS

More documents

Recommendations

Info

ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN 12Poverty, social disintegration, and the effects of HIV/AIDS epidemic have resulted in anincrease in the number of orphans and vulnerable children (OVCs). In Mainland Tanzania, thenumber of vulnerable children was estimated to be about 930,000 in 2006. Traditional ways of caringfor OVCs are being eroded by a number of factors, including the impact of HIV/AIDS. The challengeto communities is to find solutions to the increasing number of vulnerable children and families. Forthis reason, the 2007-08 THMIS was designed to provide data for estimating the proportion of OVCsin the population and to assess the burden they pose for households in Tanzania.In this report, an orphan is defined as a child below the age of 18 years with one or bothparents dead. A vulnerable child is a child below the age of 18 years whose parent is very sick, or wholives in a household where an adult is very sick, or who lives in a household in which a very sick adulthad died in the 12 months preceding the survey. An adult is considered very sick if he/she is too ill towork or undertake other normal activities for a period of at least three months during the past 12months.In reviewing the 2007-08 THMIS results, it is important to remember that the survey obtainedinformation only for OVCs living in households. Children who are living in institutions or other nonhouseholdsettings are not included in the OVC results. Thus, the THMIS results should be consideredas a minimum estimate of the problem of OVCs in Tanzania.12.1 CHILDREN’S LIVING ARRANGEMENTS AND ORPHANHOODThe 2007 THMIS Household Questionnaire collected information on the living arrangementsand parental survival status of children under age 18 in the sampled households. Data for de jurechildren under age 18—i.e., children under age 18 who were usual residents in the household—arepresented by background characteristics in Table 12.1. The same data are also presented for de jurechildren under age 15.Six in ten children under age 18 and 62 percent are children under age 15 are living with bothparents. This proportion is similar to that reported in the 2004-05 TDHS (63 and 61 percent,respectively. Most children who are living with a single parent live with their mother (19 percent)rather than their father (5 percent). Seventeen percent of children are not living with either parent. Tenpercent of children have lost one of their parents, and less than 1 percent of children are doubleorphans, that is, both their parents are dead. Children are twice as likely to have lost their father astheir mother (8 percent and 4 percent, respectively).Children in Mainland Tanzania are less likely than children in Zanzibar to live with bothparents (60 and 67 percent, respectively). In Mainland Tanzania, the proportion of children who livewith both parents ranges from 43 percent in Mtwara to 72 percent in Singida.Seventeen percent of children under age 18 and 15 percent of children under age 15 are notliving with a biological parent. As expected, younger children are more likely than older children tolive with a biological parent. There are small differences by the child’s sex: 16 percent of malechildren are not living with a biological parent compared with 18 percent of female children.However, more urban children (22 percent) are not living with a biological parent than rural children(15 percent). Across regions in Mainland Tanzania, Kigoma has the lowest proportion of childrenOrphans and Vulnerable Children | 151
who are not living with a biological parent (9 percent), while children in Pwani have the highestproportion (22 percent). In Zanzibar, the proportion of children who are not living with a biologicalparent ranges from 14 percent in Pemba to 18 percent in Unguja. Differences by zone are minimal, theWestern Zone has the lowest percentage (16 percent) and the Southern Zone has the highest (18percent).Table 12.1 Children's living arrangements and orphanhoodPercent distribution of de jure children under age 18 by children's living arrangements and survival status of parents, and percentage of children notliving with a biological parent, according to background characteristics, Tanzania HMIS 2007-08BackgroundcharacteristicLivingwith bothparentsLiving withmother but notfatherFatheraliveFatherdeadLiving withfather but notmotherMotheraliveMotherdeadBothaliveNot living with either parentOnlyfatheraliveOnlymotheraliveBothdeadInformationmissing onfather/motherTotalPercentagenotlivingwith abiologicalparentNumberofchildrenAge0-4 72.3 17.0 1.9 1.5 0.2 5.8 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.3 100.0 7.1 7,488
Page 1 and 2:
TanzaniaHIV/AIDS and MalariaIndicat
Page 3 and 4:
The 2007-08 Tanzania HIV/AIDS and M
Page 5 and 6:
3.5 Access to Mass Media ..........
Page 7 and 8:
12.2 Orphans and Vulnerable Childre
Page 9 and 10:
Table 4.3Table 4.4Table 4.5Table 4.
Page 11 and 12:
Figure 9.2 HIV Prevlence by Region/
Page 14:
FOREWORDThis report presents the ma
Page 18 and 19:
SUMMARY OF FINDINGSThe 2007-08 Tanz
Page 20 and 21:
HIV prevalence among youth (women a
Page 23 and 24:
xxii | Map of Tanzania
Page 25 and 26:
1.2 NATIONAL POLICY ON HIV/AIDSIn r
Page 27 and 28:
To assess levels and trends in know
Page 29 and 30:
1.8 FIELDWORKData collection was ca
Page 31 and 32:
Table 1.1 Results of the household
Page 33 and 34:
Figure 2.1 presents a graphic pictu
Page 35 and 36:
Table 2.3.1 Educational attainment
Page 37 and 38:
Educational attainment is higher in
Page 39 and 40:
2.5.1 Energy SourcesTable 2.5 prese
Page 41 and 42:
The most common items are agricultu
Page 43 and 44:
The 2007-08 THMIS included aquestio
Page 45 and 46:
Table 3.1—ContinuedBackgroundchar
Page 47 and 48:
Education is positively related to
Page 49 and 50:
Table 3.3.2 Employment status: MenP
Page 51 and 52:
Table 3.4.1 Exposure to mass media:
Page 53 and 54:
3.6 CURRENT MARITAL STATUSMarriage
Page 55 and 56:
Polygyny also varies by household w
Page 57 and 58:
Four in ten women age 20-49 marry b
Page 59 and 60:
There is a positive relationship be
Page 62 and 63:
FERTILITY AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 4
Page 64 and 65:
Table 4.2 Fertility by background c
Page 66 and 67:
infertility, 1 or the inability to
Page 68 and 69:
4.3 ADOLESCENT FERTILITYAdolescent
Page 70 and 71:
Table 4.7 Antenatal carePercent dis
Page 72:
Table 4.8 Place of antenatal carePe
Page 75 and 76:
Table 5.1 Knowledge of AIDSPercenta
Page 77 and 78:
The use of condoms as an effective
Page 79 and 80:
Table 5.3.2 Comprehensive knowledge
Page 81 and 82:
more education) and those in the fo
Page 83 and 84:
Table 5.5.1 Exposure to HIV educati
Page 85 and 86:
5.6 KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE CONCERNI
Page 87 and 88:
Table 5.6.2 Knowledge and attitudes
Page 89 and 90:
Table 6.1.1 Accepting attitudes tow
Page 91 and 92:
Stigma is also found to vary with l
Page 93 and 94:
6.3 ATTITUDES OF ADULTS TOWARDS EDU
Page 96 and 97:
HIV/AIDS-RELATED BEHAVIOUR 77.1 INT
Page 98 and 99:
Table 7.2.1 Recent sexual activity:
Page 100 and 101:
Figure 7.1 Recent Sexual Intercours
Page 102 and 103:
Table 7.3.2 Multiple sexual partner
Page 104 and 105:
Table 7.4 Payment for sexual interc
Page 106 and 107:
Table 7.5.1 Coverage of prior HIV t
Page 108 and 109:
Figure 7.2 Prior HIV Testing by Edu
Page 110 and 111:
7.7 PREVALENCE OF SEXUALLY TRANSMIT
Page 112 and 113:
Figure 7.3 Prevalence of STIs and S
Page 114:
Table 7.8 Prevalence of medical inj
Page 117 and 118:
Table 8.1 Comprehensive knowledge a
Page 119 and 120:
Table 8.2 Age at first sexual inter
Page 121 and 122:
Never-married women and men age 15-
Page 123 and 124: Figure 8.3 Condom Use at Premarital
Page 125 and 126: Table 8.5.2 Higher-risk sexual inte
Page 127 and 128: Table 8.6 Age-mixing in sexual rela
Page 129 and 130: 8.9 HIV TESTING AMONG YOUNG PEOPLEK
Page 132 and 133: HIV PREVALENCE 99.1 INTRODUCTIONPri
Page 134 and 135: Table 9.1 Coverage of HIV testing b
Page 136 and 137: Table 9.1—ContinuedBackgroundchar
Page 138 and 139: Table 9.3 HIV prevalence by ageAmon
Page 140 and 141: There are large variations in HIV p
Page 142 and 143: Table 9.5 shows that men who are cu
Page 144 and 145: Women who said they had higher-risk
Page 146 and 147: Table 9.8 shows data on HIV prevale
Page 148 and 149: Table 9.11 HIV prevalence by male c
Page 150 and 151: INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY 1010.1 I
Page 152 and 153: As expected, the level of infant an
Page 154: category (1.41) is 41 percent highe
Page 157 and 158: 11.1 OWNERSHIP AND USE OF MOSQUITO
Page 159 and 160: carrying mosquitoes. Much of the fi
Page 161 and 162: 11.2 USE OF ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS DURI
Page 163 and 164: 11.3 TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WITH FEV
Page 165 and 166: 11.4.1 Type and Timing of Antimalar
Page 167 and 168: 11.4.2 Availability of Drug at Home
Page 169 and 170: 11.6 SOURCE OF MOSQUITO NETSUntil l
Page 171 and 172: In spite of steady increases in ITN
Page 176 and 177: 12.2 ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDRE
Page 178 and 179: 12.3.1 School Attendance by Survivo
Page 180 and 181: While there are no differences in p
Page 182 and 183: Table 12.7 Widows dispossessed of p
Page 184 and 185: Table 12.9 External support for orp
Page 186 and 187: REFERENCESAgot, K.E., J.O. Ndinya-A
Page 188 and 189: SAMPLE IMPLEMENTATIONAPPENDIX AAppe
Page 190 and 191: Table A.2 Sample implementation: Me
Page 192 and 193: Table A.4 Coverage of HIV testing a
Page 194: Table A.6 Coverage of HIV testing a
Page 197 and 198: where h represents the stratum whic
Page 199 and 200: Table B.2 Sampling errors for Natio
Page 201 and 202: Table B.4 Sampling errors for Rural
Page 203 and 204: Table B.6 Sampling errors for Mainl
Page 205 and 206: Table B.8 Sampling errors for Mainl
Page 207 and 208: Table B.10 Sampling errors for Zanz
Page 209 and 210: Table B.12 Sampling errors for Nort
Page 211 and 212: Table B.14 Sampling errors for Sout
Page 213 and 214: Table B.16 Sampling errors for East
Page 215 and 216: Table B.18 Sampling errors for Dodo
Page 217 and 218: Table B.20 Sampling errors for Kili
Page 219 and 220: Table B.22 Sampling errors for Moro
Page 221 and 222: Table B.24 Sampling errors for Dar
Page 223 and 224:
Table B.26 Sampling errors for Mtwa
Page 225 and 226:
Table B.28 Sampling errors for Irin
Page 227 and 228:
Table B.30 Sampling errors for Sing
Page 229 and 230:
Table B.32 Sampling errors for Rukw
Page 231 and 232:
Table B.34 Sampling errors for Shin
Page 233 and 234:
Table B.36 Sampling errors for Mwan
Page 235 and 236:
Table B.38 Sampling errors for Many
Page 237 and 238:
Table B.40 Sampling errors for Pemb
Page 239 and 240:
216 | Appendix B
Page 241 and 242:
Joyce MbambaYulitha MwakasoleRemigi
Page 244:
QUESTIONNAIRESAppendix DAppendix D
Page 247 and 248:
HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULEIntroduction and
Page 249 and 250:
IF AGE 0-17 YEARSIF AGE 5 YEARS OR
Page 251 and 252:
IF AGE 0-17 YEARSLINE SICK CARE SUR
Page 253 and 254:
HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICSNO. QUESTI
Page 255 and 256:
NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
SUPPORT FOR SICK PEOPLENO. QUESTION
Page 261 and 262:
NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSSUPPORT FOR
Page 263 and 264:
NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSCODING CATE
Page 265 and 266:
CHILD 4 CHILD 5 CHILD 6502 LINE NUM
Page 267 and 268:
515 CHECK 509:NUMBER OF CHILDREN WI
Page 270 and 271:
UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIATANZANIA
Page 272 and 273:
Page 274 and 275:
Page 276 and 277:
213 214 215 216217 218219 220221222
Page 278 and 279:
LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH SECON
Page 280 and 281:
Page 282 and 283:
Page 284 and 285:
Page 286 and 287:
LASTSEXUAL PARTNERSECOND-TO-LASTSEX
Page 288 and 289:
Page 290 and 291:
Page 292 and 293:
Page 294 and 295:
Page 296 and 297:
SECTION 7 - HIV TESTTHIS PAGE TO BE
show all

Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey ... - Measure DHS

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?