Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey ... - Measure DHS

11.4.2 Availability of Drug at HomeTable 11.7 shows that for 17 percent of childrenwho had fever and took any antimalarial drug, the drugwas available at home. Availability of drugs at homevaries by the type of drug; it is 11 percent for childrenwho took ACT, 20 percent each for children who tookAmodiaguine and Quinine, and 30 percent for childrenwho were given SP/Fansidar (data not shown).11.5 INDOOR RESIDUAL SPRAYINGIndoor residual spraying (IRS) has a significantimpact on mosquito densities, and therefore leads to arapid reduction of malaria transmission and mortality.To reduce the incidence of malaria in a targeted area,WHO recommends that IRS be conducted in at least 85percent of households. Repeated spraying is essential tomaintain effectiveness against mosquitoes. The frequency of spraying is determined by the insecticideused, for example spraying of Lambda Cyhalothrin should be repeated approximately every sixmonths.Mainland Tanzania has recently adopted the IRS strategy—one of the Integrated Managementof Vector Control Strategies (IMVC)—to complement scaling up the use of LLINs both in epidemicand malaria-endemic areas. It is envisaged that scaling up of IRS, in conjunction with increased LLINcoverage and availability of ACT, will rapidly reduce malaria transmission and contribute tosignificant reductions in the burden of malaria, leading ultimately to the elimination of malaria.Since 2007, IRS operations in Mainland Tanzania have been limited to two districts (Mulebaand Karagwe) in Kagera region, where repeated spraying has been carried out in more than 10 percentof households. Plans are underway to scale up IRS coverage to about half of the districts in MainlandTanzania by the end of 2013.In Zanzibar, IRS operations began in 2006 and covered both islands (Unguja and Pemba)using lambda cyhalothrin. Since then, spraying has been conducted every six months; the lastspraying cycle was in July 2007. In all spraying cycles, over 85 percent of the targeted householdswere protected against malaria. At the time of the survey, IRS operations in Tanzania and Zanzibarwere operated by the Government. However, the question on indoor residual spraying may have beenmisinterpreted to include fumigation, which has little impact on community-level malaria transmission.11.5.1 Timing of Last Indoor Residual SprayingTable 11.7 Availability at home of antimalarial drugstaken by children with feverAmong children under age five who had fever in thetwo weeks preceding the survey and who took specificantimalarial drugs, the percentage for whom the drugwas at home when the child became ill with fever,Tanzania HMIS 2007-08Percentagefor whomantimalarialdrug was athome whenchild becameill with feverNumber ofchildren whotook thespecificantimalarialdrugsDrugSP/Fansidar 30.3 67Amodiaquine 19.5 243Quinine 20.0 155ACT 10.8 287Other antimalarial (0.0) 28Any antimalarial drugs 16.7 762Note: Figures in parentheses are based on 25-49unweighted cases.Table 11.8 shows IRS operations conducted in the past 12 months. Overall, only 4 percent ofhouseholds in Tanzania reported having their house sprayed; 1 percent were sprayed less than threemonths prior to the survey, and 3 percent were sprayed between 3 to 6 months before the survey. Overthe past 12 months, households in Zanzibar were more likely to be sprayed than households inMainland Tanzania (94 and 2 percent, respectively). In Kagera region in Mainland Tanzania, whereIRS has been implemented on a small scale, 8 percent of households were sprayed in the 3 monthsbefore the survey.There are variations in household spraying across wealth quintiles; wealthier households (5percent) were more likely to have been sprayed in the 3 to 6 months preceding the survey than poorerhouseholds (1 percent).144 | Malaria