Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey ... - Measure DHS

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Table 11.3 Use of mosquito nets by womenPercentage of all women age 15-49 and pregnant women age 15-49 who slept under a mosquito net (treated oruntreated), who slept under an ever-treated mosquito net, and who slept under an insecticide-treated net (ITN) thenight before the survey, by background characteristics, Tanzania HMIS 2007-08BackgroundcharacteristicSleptunderany netthe pastnightPercentage of all women who:Slept under Sleptan ever- undertreated net an ITNthe past the pastnight 1 night 2NumberofwomenPercentage of pregnant women who:Slept under Sleptan ever- under antreated net ITN thethe past pastnight 1 night 2Sleptunderany netthe pastnightNumberofwomenResidenceUrban 66.1 60.1 47.1 2,488 62.9 59.5 47.8 170Rural 26.7 24.3 17.3 7,014 29.3 27.9 21.4 676Mainland/ZanzibarMainland 36.4 33.0 24.5 9,189 35.3 33.4 26.0 823Mainland – Urban 66.5 60.3 47.3 2,380 62.9 59.3 47.6 164Dar es Salaam City 79.6 71.5 58.4 775 78.5 78.5 67.1 35Other Urban 60.2 54.9 41.9 1,605 58.6 54.1 42.3 129Mainland – Rural 25.9 23.4 16.6 6,809 28.4 27.0 20.7 660Zanzibar 55.2 54.6 43.5 313 63.7 63.7 51.3 23Region/IslandArusha 35.9 34.0 26.2 394 25.6 25.6 13.4 26Dar es Salaam 79.8 71.9 59.0 810 76.4 76.4 62.1 38Dodoma 15.3 13.2 11.0 341 4.9 4.9 4.9 33Iringa 13.6 12.4 8.5 409 7.6 3.8 3.8 33Kagera 29.0 22.1 16.8 497 35.0 35.0 28.6 67Kigoma 23.4 22.6 14.8 421 29.6 27.3 20.9 36Kilimanjaro 24.9 21.7 17.3 385 24.4 17.0 17.0 18Lindi 43.9 43.0 28.4 252 46.6 46.6 31.8 12Manyara 20.3 19.6 14.6 267 25.1 25.1 17.6 25Mara 54.8 51.0 36.4 375 50.3 48.9 43.7 50Mbeya 23.8 23.5 17.0 591 33.3 33.3 19.2 69Morogoro 56.4 51.5 35.4 443 60.2 54.9 45.7 32Mtwara 33.2 32.9 19.6 333 46.1 46.1 25.3 25Mwanza 44.2 37.1 28.2 843 36.7 31.4 27.8 97Pwani 52.4 49.5 39.2 205 43.5 43.5 37.1 17Rukwa 17.1 16.6 11.8 317 3.0 3.0 3.0 33Ruvuma 42.4 39.6 25.3 380 46.2 46.2 28.7 31Shinyanga 38.9 33.5 24.3 767 62.1 55.4 44.3 68Singida 24.7 21.9 17.2 196 23.8 23.8 18.0 17Tabora 12.1 11.9 8.8 528 6.4 6.4 4.3 55Tanga 31.2 27.9 22.5 434 32.5 32.5 28.4 40Pemba 58.6 58.1 49.3 96 66.5 66.5 57.5 10Unguja 53.7 53.0 40.9 217 61.8 61.8 46.7 13EducationNo education 25.0 22.3 15.1 2,057 27.0 24.4 19.3 200Primary incomplete 28.7 25.5 18.7 1,532 38.3 36.0 26.6 150Primary complete 41.5 38.2 29.0 4,981 37.4 36.0 28.2 443Secondary + 53.2 48.4 37.5 927 52.4 50.8 42.5 53ZoneWestern 26.9 24.2 17.2 1,717 35.4 32.0 25.1 159Northern 28.9 26.4 20.7 1,480 27.8 26.6 20.5 109Central 18.7 16.4 13.2 537 11.4 11.4 9.4 50Southern Highlands 19.0 18.4 13.1 1,317 19.6 18.7 11.5 135Lake 42.1 35.8 26.7 1,714 39.4 36.6 31.8 214Eastern 68.9 62.5 49.0 1,459 64.0 62.0 51.1 87Southern 39.6 38.1 24.1 965 46.3 46.3 28.0 68Wealth quintileLowest 16.7 15.4 10.0 1,728 18.7 17.0 13.5 159Second 22.9 20.3 14.1 1,674 26.0 25.2 21.6 171Middle 29.8 27.4 19.3 1,792 35.3 35.3 26.8 191Fourth 37.2 33.7 24.3 1,895 37.7 32.4 23.2 168Highest 66.6 60.8 48.6 2,413 63.4 61.8 49.0 158Total 37.0 33.7 25.1 9,503 36.0 34.2 26.7 846Note: Total includes 5 women with information missing on education1An ever-treated net is a pretreated net or a non-pretreated that has subsequently been soaked with insecticide at anytime.2An insecticide treated net (ITN) is 1) a factory-treated net that does not require any further treatment, or 2) apretreated net obtained within the past 12 months, or 3) a net that has been soaked with insecticide within the past12 months.Malaria | 137
11.2 USE OF ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS DURING PREGNANCYMalaria during pregnancy is extremely common among women who live in countries that aremalaria-endemic. Pregnant women in these areas are semi-immune to malaria and often have a lowprevalence of peripheral parasitaemia but have a high prevalence of placental infection (Steketee etal., 2001). Malaria placental infection is a major contributor to low birth weight, infant mortality,maternal anaemia, spontaneous abortion, and stillbirth. Studies have shown that IPT with two-dosesof SP protect pregnant women from maternal anaemia, malaria placental infection, and reduce theincidence of low birth weight (Steketee et al., 2001). As a protective measure, it is recommended thatall pregnant women in Tanzania receive at least two doses of IPT with SP during the second and thirdtrimesters of pregnancy.Regarding the pregnancy leading to their last live birth, women in the 2007-08 THMIS wereasked whether they took any antimalarial medications during the pregnancy, and if so, what drugswere taken. Women were also asked whether the drugs they received were part of an antenatal carevisit. It should be noted that obtaining information about drugs can be difficult because somerespondents may not know or remember the name or the type of drug that they received.Table 11.4 shows the percentage of women who had a live birth in the two years precedingthe survey who took any antimalarial drug, and the percentage who took IPT during pregnancy. Thefourth and fifth columns in Table 11.4 assess the extent to which women took SP for IPT.Overall, 60 percent of pregnant women took an antimalarial drug during pregnancy (59percent in Mainland and 78 percent in Zanzibar). The data suggest that IPT use of SP is integratedinto routine antenatal care; 57 percent of pregnant women in Mainland Tanzania and 74 percent inZanzibar reported having taken at least one dose of SP (IPT-1) during an ANC visit. However, only30 percent of pregnant women in Mainland and 52 percent in Zanzibar received two or more doses ofSP (IPT-2). These figures show an increase since the 2004-05 TDHS, when 22 percent of pregnantwomen in Mainland and 14 percent in Zanzibar received two or more doses of SP.There are significant differences in the percentage of women who received complete IPT(IPT-2) by background characteristics. Women in urban areas are more likely (42 percent) to receiveIPT-2 than women in rural areas (28 percent). The same pattern was observed in the 2004-05 TDHS(29 and 20 percent, respectively).In only five regions in Mainland Tanzania do more than 40 percent of pregnant womenreceive IPT-2. These regions are Dar es Salaam (58 percent), Lindi (41 percent), Morogoro (44percent), Singida (45 percent) and Tanga (42 percent). Mwanza and Shinyanga have the lowestproportions of women who received IPT-2 (16 and 17 percent, respectively). In Zanzibar, IPT-2 isreceived by 54 percent of pregnant women in Pemba and 50 percent in Unguja.Women in households in the higher wealth quintiles and those with higher levels of educationare more likely to receive IPT-2 than women in households in the lower wealth quintiles or who havelittle or no education.138 | Malaria
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TanzaniaHIV/AIDS and MalariaIndicat
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The 2007-08 Tanzania HIV/AIDS and M
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3.5 Access to Mass Media ..........
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12.2 Orphans and Vulnerable Childre
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Table 4.3Table 4.4Table 4.5Table 4.
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Figure 9.2 HIV Prevlence by Region/
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FOREWORDThis report presents the ma
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SUMMARY OF FINDINGSThe 2007-08 Tanz
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HIV prevalence among youth (women a
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xxii | Map of Tanzania
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1.2 NATIONAL POLICY ON HIV/AIDSIn r
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To assess levels and trends in know
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1.8 FIELDWORKData collection was ca
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Table 1.1 Results of the household
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Figure 2.1 presents a graphic pictu
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Table 2.3.1 Educational attainment
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Educational attainment is higher in
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2.5.1 Energy SourcesTable 2.5 prese
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The most common items are agricultu
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The 2007-08 THMIS included aquestio
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Table 3.1—ContinuedBackgroundchar
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Education is positively related to
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Table 3.3.2 Employment status: MenP
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Table 3.4.1 Exposure to mass media:
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3.6 CURRENT MARITAL STATUSMarriage
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Polygyny also varies by household w
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Four in ten women age 20-49 marry b
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There is a positive relationship be
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FERTILITY AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 4
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Table 4.2 Fertility by background c
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infertility, 1 or the inability to
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4.3 ADOLESCENT FERTILITYAdolescent
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Table 4.7 Antenatal carePercent dis
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Table 4.8 Place of antenatal carePe
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Table 5.1 Knowledge of AIDSPercenta
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The use of condoms as an effective
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Table 5.3.2 Comprehensive knowledge
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more education) and those in the fo
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Table 5.5.1 Exposure to HIV educati
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5.6 KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE CONCERNI
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Table 5.6.2 Knowledge and attitudes
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Table 6.1.1 Accepting attitudes tow
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Stigma is also found to vary with l
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6.3 ATTITUDES OF ADULTS TOWARDS EDU
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HIV/AIDS-RELATED BEHAVIOUR 77.1 INT
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Table 7.2.1 Recent sexual activity:
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Figure 7.1 Recent Sexual Intercours
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Table 7.3.2 Multiple sexual partner
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Table 7.4 Payment for sexual interc
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Table 7.5.1 Coverage of prior HIV t
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Figure 7.2 Prior HIV Testing by Edu
Page 110 and 111: 7.7 PREVALENCE OF SEXUALLY TRANSMIT
Page 112 and 113: Figure 7.3 Prevalence of STIs and S
Page 114: Table 7.8 Prevalence of medical inj
Page 117 and 118: Table 8.1 Comprehensive knowledge a
Page 119 and 120: Table 8.2 Age at first sexual inter
Page 121 and 122: Never-married women and men age 15-
Page 123 and 124: Figure 8.3 Condom Use at Premarital
Page 125 and 126: Table 8.5.2 Higher-risk sexual inte
Page 127 and 128: Table 8.6 Age-mixing in sexual rela
Page 129 and 130: 8.9 HIV TESTING AMONG YOUNG PEOPLEK
Page 132 and 133: HIV PREVALENCE 99.1 INTRODUCTIONPri
Page 134 and 135: Table 9.1 Coverage of HIV testing b
Page 136 and 137: Table 9.1—ContinuedBackgroundchar
Page 138 and 139: Table 9.3 HIV prevalence by ageAmon
Page 140 and 141: There are large variations in HIV p
Page 142 and 143: Table 9.5 shows that men who are cu
Page 144 and 145: Women who said they had higher-risk
Page 146 and 147: Table 9.8 shows data on HIV prevale
Page 148 and 149: Table 9.11 HIV prevalence by male c
Page 150 and 151: INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY 1010.1 I
Page 152 and 153: As expected, the level of infant an
Page 154: category (1.41) is 41 percent highe
Page 157 and 158: 11.1 OWNERSHIP AND USE OF MOSQUITO
Page 159: carrying mosquitoes. Much of the fi
Page 163 and 164: 11.3 TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WITH FEV
Page 165 and 166: 11.4.1 Type and Timing of Antimalar
Page 167 and 168: 11.4.2 Availability of Drug at Home
Page 169 and 170: 11.6 SOURCE OF MOSQUITO NETSUntil l
Page 171 and 172: In spite of steady increases in ITN
Page 174 and 175: ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN 12P
Page 176 and 177: 12.2 ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDRE
Page 178 and 179: 12.3.1 School Attendance by Survivo
Page 180 and 181: While there are no differences in p
Page 182 and 183: Table 12.7 Widows dispossessed of p
Page 184 and 185: Table 12.9 External support for orp
Page 186 and 187: REFERENCESAgot, K.E., J.O. Ndinya-A
Page 188 and 189: SAMPLE IMPLEMENTATIONAPPENDIX AAppe
Page 190 and 191: Table A.2 Sample implementation: Me
Page 192 and 193: Table A.4 Coverage of HIV testing a
Page 194: Table A.6 Coverage of HIV testing a
Page 197 and 198: where h represents the stratum whic
Page 199 and 200: Table B.2 Sampling errors for Natio
Page 201 and 202: Table B.4 Sampling errors for Rural
Page 203 and 204: Table B.6 Sampling errors for Mainl
Page 205 and 206: Table B.8 Sampling errors for Mainl
Page 207 and 208: Table B.10 Sampling errors for Zanz
Page 209 and 210: Table B.12 Sampling errors for Nort
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Table B.14 Sampling errors for Sout
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Table B.16 Sampling errors for East
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Table B.18 Sampling errors for Dodo
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Table B.20 Sampling errors for Kili
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Table B.22 Sampling errors for Moro
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Table B.24 Sampling errors for Dar
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Table B.26 Sampling errors for Mtwa
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Table B.28 Sampling errors for Irin
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Table B.30 Sampling errors for Sing
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Table B.32 Sampling errors for Rukw
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Table B.34 Sampling errors for Shin
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Table B.36 Sampling errors for Mwan
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Table B.38 Sampling errors for Many
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Table B.40 Sampling errors for Pemb
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216 | Appendix B
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Joyce MbambaYulitha MwakasoleRemigi
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QUESTIONNAIRESAppendix DAppendix D
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULEIntroduction and
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IF AGE 0-17 YEARSIF AGE 5 YEARS OR
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IF AGE 0-17 YEARSLINE SICK CARE SUR
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HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICSNO. QUESTI
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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SUPPORT FOR SICK PEOPLENO. QUESTION
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSSUPPORT FOR
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSCODING CATE
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CHILD 4 CHILD 5 CHILD 6502 LINE NUM
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515 CHECK 509:NUMBER OF CHILDREN WI
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UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIATANZANIA
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213 214 215 216217 218219 220221222
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LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH SECON
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LASTSEXUAL PARTNERSECOND-TO-LASTSEX
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SECTION 7 - HIV TESTTHIS PAGE TO BE
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