Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey ... - Measure DHS

Table 9.9 HIV prevalence by other characteristicsPercentage HIV positive among women and men age 15-49 who ever had sex and were tested for HIV, by whether had anSTI in the past 12 months and by prior testing for HIV, Tanzania HMIS 2007-08CharacteristicWomen Men TotalPercentagePercentagePercentageHIV positive Number HIV positive Number HIV positiveNumberSexually transmitted infection inpast 12 monthsHad STI or STI symptoms 10.7 424 11.0 396 10.9 820No STI, no symptoms 7.3 6,570 5.0 5,008 6.3 11,578Prior HIV testingEver tested 8.0 3,199 6.4 1,811 7.4 5,011Received results 8.0 2,919 5.9 1,644 7.3 4,563Did not received results 7.4 281 11.2 167 8.8 448Never tested 7.1 3,869 5.0 3,652 6.1 7,521Total 15-49 7.5 7,084 5.5 5,464 6.6 12,548Note: HIV positive refers to individuals who have HIV-1. Totals include 90 women and 60 men missing information on STIsand 16 women missing information about prior HIV testing.Table 9.10 shows the distribution of women and men who are HIV positive and HIV negativeaccording to whether they were previously tested for HIV. The data show that those who are HIVpositive are only slightly more likely than those who are HIV negative to have been tested previouslyand to know their results. For example, 39 percent of HIV-positive respondents were previously testedand given their results, compared with 32 percent of HIV-negative respondents. Looked at anotherway, more than three in five HIV-positive adults in Tanzania have either never been tested or weretested but not given the results of the most recent HIV test.Table 9.10 Prior HIV testing and current HIV statusPercent distribution of women and men age 15-49 by HIV testing status prior to the survey, according to current HIVstatus, Tanzania HMIS 2007-08HIV testing priorto the surveyHIVpositiveWomen Men TotalHIV HIV HIV HIVnegative positive negative positiveHIVnegativePreviously tested, received result of last test 43.7 36.6 30.8 26.2 39.0 31.8Previously tested, did not receive result of last test 3.8 3.6 6.2 2.6 4.7 3.2Not previously tested 52.4 59.8 63.0 71.2 56.3 65.0Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0Number 541 7,638 313 6,552 854 14,190Note: HIV positive refers to individuals who have HIV-1.9.9 HIV PREVALENCE AND MALE CIRCUMCISIONPrevious studies have shown a protective effect of male circumcision on the transmission ofHIV. Lack of circumcision is considered a risk factor for HIV infection, in part because ofphysiological differences that increase the susceptibility to HIV infection among uncircumcised men.As shown in Table 9.11, men who have been circumcised are less likely to be HIV positivethan those who are not circumcised (4 and 6 percent, respectively). Except for men age 15-19—forwhom HIV prevalence is almost the same for both circumcised and uncircumcised men—prevalenceof HIV is lower among circumcised men than uncircumcised men. This relationship holds for allcategories of background characteristics.124 | HIV Prevalence