Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey ... - Measure DHS
Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey ... - Measure DHS
Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey ... - Measure DHS
- No tags were found...
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
There is also no consistent pattern of <strong>HIV</strong> prevalence by household wealth status, although<strong>HIV</strong> is highest overall among those in the highest wealth quintile (8 percent) <strong>and</strong> lowest in the lowestwealth quintile (5 percent). Women in the highest wealth quintile are about twice as likely to beinfected with <strong>HIV</strong> (10 percent) as those in the lowest quintile (5 percent).9.5 <strong>HIV</strong> PREVALENCE BY DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICSMarital status <strong>and</strong> type of union are both related to <strong>HIV</strong> prevalence. As shown in Table 9.5<strong>and</strong> Figure 9.4, women <strong>and</strong> men who are widowed have a greater likelihood of being <strong>HIV</strong> positivethan those who have never married or who are currently married or divorced or separated. Overall,<strong>HIV</strong> prevalence for those who are widowed is 27 percent (almost entirely women), followed bydivorced/separated (13 percent) <strong>and</strong> those who are either married or living together (6 percent).Women <strong>and</strong> men who have never been in union have considerably lower <strong>HIV</strong> prevalence than othergroups (2 percent for both women <strong>and</strong> men). Even lower levels are measured among those who saythey have never had sex (less than 1 percent for women <strong>and</strong> 1 percent for men). The presence of <strong>HIV</strong>infection among those who say they have never been in a union <strong>and</strong> have never had sex suggestseither errors in reporting sexual behaviour or non-sexual transmission of <strong>HIV</strong> infection, such as bloodtransfusions, mother-to-child transmission <strong>and</strong> unsterile injections.Table 9.5 <strong>HIV</strong> prevalence by demographic characteristicsPercentage <strong>HIV</strong> positive among women <strong>and</strong> men age 15-49 who were tested, by demographic characteristics, <strong>Tanzania</strong>HMIS 2007-08DemographiccharacteristicWomen Men TotalPercentagePercentagePercentage<strong>HIV</strong> positive Number <strong>HIV</strong> positive Number <strong>HIV</strong> positiveNumberMarital statusNever married 2.4 1,948 1.9 2,937 2.1 4,885Ever had sex 4.6 856 2.6 1,536 3.3 2,391Never had sex 0.7 1,092 1.1 1,401 0.9 2,494Married/living together 6.1 5,235 6.1 3,600 6.1 8,835Divorced or separated 14.9 737 9.7 306 13.3 1,044Widowed 25.1 259 * 22 26.7 280Type of unionIn polygynous union 5.8 1,148 8.3 398 6.4 1,546Not in polygynous union 6.1 3,999 5.8 3,195 6.0 7,194Not currently in union 7.5 2,944 2.9 3,265 5.1 6,209Times travelled away from homein past 12 monthsNone 5.9 4,802 4.3 3,410 5.3 8,2111-2 7.0 2,661 4.8 1,956 6.1 4,6173-4 8.9 517 3.8 803 5.8 1,3205+ 12.1 188 6.1 682 7.4 870Time away in past 12 monthsAway for more than one month 7.1 1,074 4.3 1,057 5.7 2,131Away only for less than 1 month 7.8 2,285 5.0 2,383 6.4 4,667Not away 5.9 4,809 4.3 3,422 5.3 8,231Pregnancy statusPregnant 5.0 754 na na na naNot pregnant or not sure 6.8 7,411 na na na naANC for last birth in past 3 yearsANC provided by the public sector 5.1 3,157 na na na naANC provided by other than the publicsector 8.5 418 na na na naNo ANC/no birth in past 3 years 7.5 4,578 na na na naMale circumcisionCircumcised na na 3.7 4,540 na naNot circumcised na na 6.4 2,302 na naTotal 15-49 6.6 8,179 4.6 6,865 5.7 15,044Note: <strong>HIV</strong> positive refers to individuals who have <strong>HIV</strong>-1. Total includes 88 women <strong>and</strong> 7 men with information on type ofunion missing, 11 women <strong>and</strong> 14 men with information on times travelled away from home missing, 11 women <strong>and</strong> 4 menwith information on time away in past 12 months missing, 14 women with pregnancy status missing, <strong>and</strong> 23 men withinformation on circumcision missing. An asterisk indicates a figure based on fewer than 25 unweighted cases that has beensuppressed.na = Not applicable118 | <strong>HIV</strong> Prevalence