Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey ... - Measure DHS

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Figure 8.4 Higher-risk Sexual Intercourse and Use of a Condomat Last Higher-risk Sex among Women and Men Age 15-24100Percent95807180604049324841445546492022015-19 20-24 15-24 15-19 20-24 15-24Higher-risk sex in past 12 monthsCondom at last higher-risk sexin past 12 monthsWomen MenNote: Higher-risk sex is sex with a nonmarital, noncohabiting partner. THMIS 2007-088.7 AGE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SEXUAL PARTNERSA wide gap in age between partners can lead to an imbalance in decision making and putpressure on the younger partner. Age gaps also tend to increase marital instability. This is especiallytrue among young people. Older men who take up sexual relationships with younger women will havebeen nicknamed “sugar daddies.”In the 2007-08 THMIS, to measure the extent to which young women have sexual relationshipswith older men, women age 15-19 who had sex in the 12 months preceding the survey wereasked for the age of their sexual partners. If they did not know the age of their partner, they wereasked if their partners were older or younger than they were and, if older, whether they were 10 ormore years older.As shown in Table 8.6, 8 percent of women age 15-19 who had nonmarital sex in the 12months preceding the survey had sex with a partner who was at least 10 years older. Such liaisonsappear to be more common among urban young women than among rural young women (10 and 7percent, respectively). The pattern by wealth quintile is unclear; however, women with no educationare much more likely than those with secondary or higher education to have sex with an older partner.Eighteen percent of women with no education who had sex in the 12 months preceding the survey hadsex with a man who was 10 or more years older than they were; the corresponding proportion forwomen with secondary or higher education is only 3 percent.Youth and HIV/AIDS | 103
Table 8.6 Age-mixing in sexual relationships amongwomen age 15-19Percentage of women age 15-19 who had higher-risksexual intercourse in the past 12 months with a man whowas 10 or more years older than themselves, bybackground characteristics, Tanzania HMIS 2007-08BackgroundcharacteristicPercentage ofwomen who Number ofhad higher-risk women whointercourse had higher-riskwith a man intercourse10+ years in the pastolder 1 12 monthsAge15-17 7.3 42918-19 8.0 391Marital statusNever married 5.9 766Ever married 33.0 54Knows condom source 2Yes 7.1 686No 10.3 134ResidenceUrban 10.4 216Rural 6.7 604Mainland/ZanzibarMainland 7.6 813Mainland – Urban 10.4 212Dar es Salaam City (4.8) 73Other Urban 13.3 139Mainland – Rural 6.7 601Zanzibar (9.7) 7ZoneWestern 7.6 177Northern 7.3 103Central 6.8 58Southern Highlands 2.7 77Lake 14.1 139Eastern 7.2 140Southern 4.5 119Zanzibar (9.7) 7EducationNo education 18.3 71Primary incomplete 7.8 243Primary complete 6.8 404Secondary + 3.1 102Wealth quintileLowest 9.8 136Second 6.1 158Middle 7.8 153Fourth 9.4 182Highest 5.7 191Total 15-19 7.7 8201Sexual intercourse with a nonmarital, noncohabitingpartner2Friends, family members, and home are not consideredsources for condoms.8.8 ALCOHOL USE DURING SEXResearch has shown that alcohol use reduces inhibitions and increases risky behaviour.Alcohol use in conjunction with sex is associated with lower prevalence of condom use. In the 2007-08 THMIS, respondents were asked if they or their partners drank alcohol the last time they had sex.The question was asked for up to three partners in the past 12 months.Four percent of women and 2 percent of men reported having had sex when drunk during the12 months preceding the survey (Table 8.7). Mixing sexual intercourse and alcohol drinking is morecommon among women and men in their early 20s than among those age 15-19 years. It is also morecommon among young women and men age 15-24 who have ever been married compared with thosewho have never married. Sexual intercourse when drunk is also more common in young women andmen with no education and those in the lower wealth quintiles.104 | Youth and HIV/AIDS
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TanzaniaHIV/AIDS and MalariaIndicat
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The 2007-08 Tanzania HIV/AIDS and M
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3.5 Access to Mass Media ..........
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12.2 Orphans and Vulnerable Childre
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Table 4.3Table 4.4Table 4.5Table 4.
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Figure 9.2 HIV Prevlence by Region/
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FOREWORDThis report presents the ma
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SUMMARY OF FINDINGSThe 2007-08 Tanz
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HIV prevalence among youth (women a
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xxii | Map of Tanzania
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1.2 NATIONAL POLICY ON HIV/AIDSIn r
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To assess levels and trends in know
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1.8 FIELDWORKData collection was ca
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Table 1.1 Results of the household
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Figure 2.1 presents a graphic pictu
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Table 2.3.1 Educational attainment
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Educational attainment is higher in
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2.5.1 Energy SourcesTable 2.5 prese
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The most common items are agricultu
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The 2007-08 THMIS included aquestio
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Table 3.1—ContinuedBackgroundchar
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Education is positively related to
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Table 3.3.2 Employment status: MenP
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Table 3.4.1 Exposure to mass media:
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3.6 CURRENT MARITAL STATUSMarriage
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Polygyny also varies by household w
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Four in ten women age 20-49 marry b
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There is a positive relationship be
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FERTILITY AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 4
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Table 4.2 Fertility by background c
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infertility, 1 or the inability to
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4.3 ADOLESCENT FERTILITYAdolescent
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Table 4.7 Antenatal carePercent dis
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Table 4.8 Place of antenatal carePe
Page 75 and 76: Table 5.1 Knowledge of AIDSPercenta
Page 77 and 78: The use of condoms as an effective
Page 79 and 80: Table 5.3.2 Comprehensive knowledge
Page 81 and 82: more education) and those in the fo
Page 83 and 84: Table 5.5.1 Exposure to HIV educati
Page 85 and 86: 5.6 KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE CONCERNI
Page 87 and 88: Table 5.6.2 Knowledge and attitudes
Page 89 and 90: Table 6.1.1 Accepting attitudes tow
Page 91 and 92: Stigma is also found to vary with l
Page 93 and 94: 6.3 ATTITUDES OF ADULTS TOWARDS EDU
Page 96 and 97: HIV/AIDS-RELATED BEHAVIOUR 77.1 INT
Page 98 and 99: Table 7.2.1 Recent sexual activity:
Page 100 and 101: Figure 7.1 Recent Sexual Intercours
Page 102 and 103: Table 7.3.2 Multiple sexual partner
Page 104 and 105: Table 7.4 Payment for sexual interc
Page 106 and 107: Table 7.5.1 Coverage of prior HIV t
Page 108 and 109: Figure 7.2 Prior HIV Testing by Edu
Page 110 and 111: 7.7 PREVALENCE OF SEXUALLY TRANSMIT
Page 112 and 113: Figure 7.3 Prevalence of STIs and S
Page 114: Table 7.8 Prevalence of medical inj
Page 117 and 118: Table 8.1 Comprehensive knowledge a
Page 119 and 120: Table 8.2 Age at first sexual inter
Page 121 and 122: Never-married women and men age 15-
Page 123 and 124: Figure 8.3 Condom Use at Premarital
Page 125: Table 8.5.2 Higher-risk sexual inte
Page 129 and 130: 8.9 HIV TESTING AMONG YOUNG PEOPLEK
Page 132 and 133: HIV PREVALENCE 99.1 INTRODUCTIONPri
Page 134 and 135: Table 9.1 Coverage of HIV testing b
Page 136 and 137: Table 9.1—ContinuedBackgroundchar
Page 138 and 139: Table 9.3 HIV prevalence by ageAmon
Page 140 and 141: There are large variations in HIV p
Page 142 and 143: Table 9.5 shows that men who are cu
Page 144 and 145: Women who said they had higher-risk
Page 146 and 147: Table 9.8 shows data on HIV prevale
Page 148 and 149: Table 9.11 HIV prevalence by male c
Page 150 and 151: INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY 1010.1 I
Page 152 and 153: As expected, the level of infant an
Page 154: category (1.41) is 41 percent highe
Page 157 and 158: 11.1 OWNERSHIP AND USE OF MOSQUITO
Page 159 and 160: carrying mosquitoes. Much of the fi
Page 161 and 162: 11.2 USE OF ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS DURI
Page 163 and 164: 11.3 TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WITH FEV
Page 165 and 166: 11.4.1 Type and Timing of Antimalar
Page 167 and 168: 11.4.2 Availability of Drug at Home
Page 169 and 170: 11.6 SOURCE OF MOSQUITO NETSUntil l
Page 171 and 172: In spite of steady increases in ITN
Page 174 and 175: ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN 12P
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12.2 ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDRE
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12.3.1 School Attendance by Survivo
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While there are no differences in p
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Table 12.7 Widows dispossessed of p
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Table 12.9 External support for orp
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REFERENCESAgot, K.E., J.O. Ndinya-A
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SAMPLE IMPLEMENTATIONAPPENDIX AAppe
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Table A.2 Sample implementation: Me
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Table A.4 Coverage of HIV testing a
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Table A.6 Coverage of HIV testing a
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where h represents the stratum whic
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Table B.2 Sampling errors for Natio
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Table B.4 Sampling errors for Rural
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Table B.6 Sampling errors for Mainl
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Table B.8 Sampling errors for Mainl
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Table B.10 Sampling errors for Zanz
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Table B.12 Sampling errors for Nort
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Table B.14 Sampling errors for Sout
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Table B.16 Sampling errors for East
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Table B.18 Sampling errors for Dodo
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Table B.20 Sampling errors for Kili
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Table B.22 Sampling errors for Moro
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Table B.24 Sampling errors for Dar
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Table B.26 Sampling errors for Mtwa
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Table B.28 Sampling errors for Irin
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Table B.30 Sampling errors for Sing
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Table B.32 Sampling errors for Rukw
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Table B.34 Sampling errors for Shin
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Table B.36 Sampling errors for Mwan
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Table B.38 Sampling errors for Many
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Table B.40 Sampling errors for Pemb
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216 | Appendix B
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Joyce MbambaYulitha MwakasoleRemigi
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QUESTIONNAIRESAppendix DAppendix D
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULEIntroduction and
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IF AGE 0-17 YEARSIF AGE 5 YEARS OR
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IF AGE 0-17 YEARSLINE SICK CARE SUR
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HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICSNO. QUESTI
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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SUPPORT FOR SICK PEOPLENO. QUESTION
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSSUPPORT FOR
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSCODING CATE
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CHILD 4 CHILD 5 CHILD 6502 LINE NUM
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515 CHECK 509:NUMBER OF CHILDREN WI
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UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIATANZANIA
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213 214 215 216217 218219 220221222
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LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH SECON
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LASTSEXUAL PARTNERSECOND-TO-LASTSEX
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SECTION 7 - HIV TESTTHIS PAGE TO BE
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