Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey ... - Measure DHS

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Figure 8.1 Knowledge of a Source for Condoms amongYouth Age 15-24 by Level of Education80100 Percent Women Men70 696781708460404843200No education Primary incomplete Primary complete Secondary+EducationTHMIS 2007-088.3 FIRST SEXUAL EXPERIENCEGiven that the main route of HIV transmission in Tanzania is through heterosexual contact,age at first sexual intercourse marks the time at which most individuals risk exposure to HIV.Following this concern, the 2007-08 THMIS collected information on the timing of first sexualintercourse for both men and women. The percentage of young women and men who had sexualintercourse before reaching age 15 and age 18 is shown in Table 8.2. Because some of those who areage 15-24 are under age 18 and may still initiate sex before reaching age 18, the proportions who hadsex before age 18 can only be shown for those age 18-24.Eleven percent of young women and 10 percent of young men age 15-24 in Tanzania had sexbefore they were 15 years (the same levels as in the 2003-04 THIS). Over half of women and 43percent of men age 18-24 reported having sex before reaching age 18 years. Rural women are morelikely than urban women to have had sex by age 15 (12 and 8 percent, respectively). For men, thesefigures are 11 and 7 percent, respectively. Women and men in Mainland Tanzania are much morelikely than those in Zanzibar to have had sex by age 15 years.There is a strong negative relationship between a person’s level of education and age at firstsex. The percentage of women and men who had the first sex by age 15 decreases as level ofeducation increases. Women age 15-24 with no education are far more likely to have had sex beforeage 15 (22 percent) than young women with secondary education and above (4 percent). There is asimilar but less pronounced pattern among young men the same age. Young women in poorerhouseholds are more likely than those in wealthier households to have had sex by age 15; however,the relationship between wealth and age at first sex is less clear for young men.Youth and HIV/AIDS | 95
Table 8.2 Age at first sexual intercourse among youthPercentage of young women and of young men age 15-24 who had sexual intercourse before age 15 and percentage of youngwomen and of young men age 18-24 who had sexual intercourse before age 18, by background characteristics, Tanzania HMIS2007-08Women age 15-24 Women age 18-24 Men age 15-24 Men age 18-24Percentagewho hadsexualintercoursePercentagewho hadsexualintercoursePercentagewho hadsexualintercoursePercentagewho hadsexualintercourseBackgroundcharacteristicbeforeage 15Number ofwomenbeforeage 18Number ofwomenbeforeage 15Number ofmenbeforeage 18Number ofmenAge15-19 10.7 1,984 na na 10.8 1,768 na na15-17 11.1 1,315 na na 12.4 1,152 na na18-19 10.0 669 57.5 669 7.8 616 45.5 61620-24 11.5 1,746 58.8 1,746 8.1 1,148 41.8 1,14820-22 13.4 1,076 60.3 1,076 7.8 778 39.8 77823-24 8.3 671 56.4 671 8.6 370 45.9 370Marital statusNever married 6.6 1,928 36.6 766 9.2 2,516 38.0 1,366Ever married 15.8 1,802 68.6 1,649 12.8 399 60.6 397Knows condom source 1Yes 11.7 2,199 62.9 1,627 11.0 2,235 46.8 1,498No 10.1 1,531 49.2 788 5.4 681 21.8 265ResidenceUrban 8.0 1,019 51.7 678 7.1 704 40.1 457Rural 12.2 2,711 61.1 1,737 10.5 2,212 44.1 1,307Mainland/ZanzibarMainland 11.4 3,592 59.8 2,330 10.0 2,818 44.2 1,700Mainland – Urban 8.3 973 53.1 649 7.4 670 41.6 433Dar es Salaam City 5.5 301 46.3 206 3.9 207 39.8 144Other Urban 9.5 672 56.3 442 9.0 463 42.5 290Mainland – Rural 12.5 2,619 62.3 1,682 10.8 2,147 45.1 1,266Zanzibar 3.4 138 22.2 85 1.7 98 12.6 64Region/IslandArusha 10.3 144 54.0 97 11.4 88 (34.3) 51Dar es Salaam 5.7 318 48.6 221 3.7 219 39.8 151Dodoma 11.4 130 77.0 74 19.2 107 67.4 64Iringa 9.6 125 51.5 77 9.2 112 (33.7) 68Kagera 7.9 191 53.3 118 9.7 179 29.0 91Kigoma 6.6 192 40.8 127 7.9 135 34.1 75Kilimanjaro 4.2 157 36.0 84 3.2 132 40.7 76Lindi 12.0 93 60.8 62 21.3 47 (62.6) 31Manyara 5.5 96 38.4 61 2.4 81 38.6 51Mara 12.7 159 68.6 101 8.9 111 35.2 52Mbeya 11.1 219 56.2 151 10.9 223 32.7 143Morogoro 17.2 152 73.0 105 13.5 112 (52.6) 54Mtwara 15.2 115 69.1 77 18.6 75 (68.6) 49Mwanza 12.0 352 67.1 209 11.8 275 40.2 175Pwani 6.4 78 62.3 48 4.3 47 (47.3) 29Rukwa 17.0 129 66.2 88 23.1 111 57.4 66Ruvuma 13.9 148 71.7 108 16.4 124 44.6 71Shinyanga 13.3 329 64.3 215 7.1 282 53.4 174Singida 2.2 67 48.2 42 8.5 68 35.7 45Tabora 24.9 236 82.9 155 8.7 173 57.8 112Tanga 10.0 162 48.6 111 3.0 117 43.5 70Pemba 4.1 41 26.7 24 1.1 32 9.3 18Unguja 3.1 96 20.3 60 2.1 66 13.9 46ZoneWestern 15.2 757 64.1 497 7.8 590 50.8 361Northern 7.7 559 45.3 353 4.7 418 39.7 249Central 8.3 197 66.5 116 15.1 175 54.4 109Southern Highlands 12.3 472 57.8 316 13.6 446 38.8 277Lake 11.0 703 63.6 428 10.6 565 36.2 318Eastern 9.0 548 57.2 374 6.7 377 43.7 234Southern 13.8 356 68.1 246 18.0 246 56.0 152Zanzibar 3.4 138 22.2 85 1.7 98 12.6 64EducationNo education 21.5 652 69.5 525 11.8 274 48.9 223Primary incomplete 15.4 789 73.9 350 12.1 930 50.2 360Primary complete 7.3 1,783 57.8 1,219 9.4 1,152 44.8 783Secondary + 4.0 506 25.9 321 5.3 560 29.8 398Wealth quintileLowest 13.9 641 67.8 427 9.6 476 49.7 274Second 15.4 647 66.0 440 12.4 583 52.9 337Middle 11.6 704 65.0 438 9.8 561 40.8 360Fourth 10.3 735 53.5 444 10.2 615 38.1 361Highest 6.7 1,003 46.4 667 7.0 680 36.9 430Total 11.1 3,730 58.4 2,415 9.7 2,916 43.1 1,763Note: Figures in parentheses are based on 25-49 unweighted cases.na = Not applicable1Friends, family members, and home are not considered sources for condoms.96 | Youth and HIV/AIDS
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TanzaniaHIV/AIDS and MalariaIndicat
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The 2007-08 Tanzania HIV/AIDS and M
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3.5 Access to Mass Media ..........
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12.2 Orphans and Vulnerable Childre
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Table 4.3Table 4.4Table 4.5Table 4.
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Figure 9.2 HIV Prevlence by Region/
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FOREWORDThis report presents the ma
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SUMMARY OF FINDINGSThe 2007-08 Tanz
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HIV prevalence among youth (women a
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xxii | Map of Tanzania
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1.2 NATIONAL POLICY ON HIV/AIDSIn r
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To assess levels and trends in know
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1.8 FIELDWORKData collection was ca
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Table 1.1 Results of the household
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Figure 2.1 presents a graphic pictu
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Table 2.3.1 Educational attainment
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Educational attainment is higher in
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2.5.1 Energy SourcesTable 2.5 prese
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The most common items are agricultu
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The 2007-08 THMIS included aquestio
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Table 3.1—ContinuedBackgroundchar
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Education is positively related to
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Table 3.3.2 Employment status: MenP
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Table 3.4.1 Exposure to mass media:
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3.6 CURRENT MARITAL STATUSMarriage
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Polygyny also varies by household w
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Four in ten women age 20-49 marry b
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There is a positive relationship be
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FERTILITY AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 4
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Table 4.2 Fertility by background c
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infertility, 1 or the inability to
Page 68 and 69: 4.3 ADOLESCENT FERTILITYAdolescent
Page 70 and 71: Table 4.7 Antenatal carePercent dis
Page 72: Table 4.8 Place of antenatal carePe
Page 75 and 76: Table 5.1 Knowledge of AIDSPercenta
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Page 79 and 80: Table 5.3.2 Comprehensive knowledge
Page 81 and 82: more education) and those in the fo
Page 83 and 84: Table 5.5.1 Exposure to HIV educati
Page 85 and 86: 5.6 KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE CONCERNI
Page 87 and 88: Table 5.6.2 Knowledge and attitudes
Page 89 and 90: Table 6.1.1 Accepting attitudes tow
Page 91 and 92: Stigma is also found to vary with l
Page 93 and 94: 6.3 ATTITUDES OF ADULTS TOWARDS EDU
Page 96 and 97: HIV/AIDS-RELATED BEHAVIOUR 77.1 INT
Page 98 and 99: Table 7.2.1 Recent sexual activity:
Page 100 and 101: Figure 7.1 Recent Sexual Intercours
Page 102 and 103: Table 7.3.2 Multiple sexual partner
Page 104 and 105: Table 7.4 Payment for sexual interc
Page 106 and 107: Table 7.5.1 Coverage of prior HIV t
Page 108 and 109: Figure 7.2 Prior HIV Testing by Edu
Page 110 and 111: 7.7 PREVALENCE OF SEXUALLY TRANSMIT
Page 112 and 113: Figure 7.3 Prevalence of STIs and S
Page 114: Table 7.8 Prevalence of medical inj
Page 117: Table 8.1 Comprehensive knowledge a
Page 121 and 122: Never-married women and men age 15-
Page 123 and 124: Figure 8.3 Condom Use at Premarital
Page 125 and 126: Table 8.5.2 Higher-risk sexual inte
Page 127 and 128: Table 8.6 Age-mixing in sexual rela
Page 129 and 130: 8.9 HIV TESTING AMONG YOUNG PEOPLEK
Page 132 and 133: HIV PREVALENCE 99.1 INTRODUCTIONPri
Page 134 and 135: Table 9.1 Coverage of HIV testing b
Page 136 and 137: Table 9.1—ContinuedBackgroundchar
Page 138 and 139: Table 9.3 HIV prevalence by ageAmon
Page 140 and 141: There are large variations in HIV p
Page 142 and 143: Table 9.5 shows that men who are cu
Page 144 and 145: Women who said they had higher-risk
Page 146 and 147: Table 9.8 shows data on HIV prevale
Page 148 and 149: Table 9.11 HIV prevalence by male c
Page 150 and 151: INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY 1010.1 I
Page 152 and 153: As expected, the level of infant an
Page 154: category (1.41) is 41 percent highe
Page 157 and 158: 11.1 OWNERSHIP AND USE OF MOSQUITO
Page 159 and 160: carrying mosquitoes. Much of the fi
Page 161 and 162: 11.2 USE OF ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS DURI
Page 163 and 164: 11.3 TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WITH FEV
Page 165 and 166: 11.4.1 Type and Timing of Antimalar
Page 167 and 168: 11.4.2 Availability of Drug at Home
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11.6 SOURCE OF MOSQUITO NETSUntil l
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In spite of steady increases in ITN
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ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN 12P
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12.2 ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDRE
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12.3.1 School Attendance by Survivo
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While there are no differences in p
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Table 12.7 Widows dispossessed of p
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Table 12.9 External support for orp
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REFERENCESAgot, K.E., J.O. Ndinya-A
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SAMPLE IMPLEMENTATIONAPPENDIX AAppe
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Table A.2 Sample implementation: Me
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Table A.4 Coverage of HIV testing a
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Table A.6 Coverage of HIV testing a
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where h represents the stratum whic
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Table B.2 Sampling errors for Natio
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Table B.4 Sampling errors for Rural
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Table B.6 Sampling errors for Mainl
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Table B.8 Sampling errors for Mainl
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Table B.10 Sampling errors for Zanz
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Table B.12 Sampling errors for Nort
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Table B.14 Sampling errors for Sout
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Table B.16 Sampling errors for East
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Table B.18 Sampling errors for Dodo
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Table B.20 Sampling errors for Kili
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Table B.22 Sampling errors for Moro
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Table B.24 Sampling errors for Dar
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Table B.26 Sampling errors for Mtwa
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Table B.28 Sampling errors for Irin
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Table B.30 Sampling errors for Sing
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Table B.32 Sampling errors for Rukw
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Table B.34 Sampling errors for Shin
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Table B.36 Sampling errors for Mwan
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Table B.38 Sampling errors for Many
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Table B.40 Sampling errors for Pemb
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216 | Appendix B
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Joyce MbambaYulitha MwakasoleRemigi
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QUESTIONNAIRESAppendix DAppendix D
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULEIntroduction and
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IF AGE 0-17 YEARSIF AGE 5 YEARS OR
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IF AGE 0-17 YEARSLINE SICK CARE SUR
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HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICSNO. QUESTI
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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SUPPORT FOR SICK PEOPLENO. QUESTION
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSSUPPORT FOR
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSCODING CATE
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CHILD 4 CHILD 5 CHILD 6502 LINE NUM
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515 CHECK 509:NUMBER OF CHILDREN WI
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UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIATANZANIA
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213 214 215 216217 218219 220221222
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LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH SECON
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LASTSEXUAL PARTNERSECOND-TO-LASTSEX
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SECTION 7 - HIV TESTTHIS PAGE TO BE
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