Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey ... - Measure DHS

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Table 7.4 Payment for sexual intercourse and condom use at last paid sexual intercourse:MenPercentage of men age 15-49 reporting payment for sexual intercourse in the past 12months, and among them, the percentage reporting that a condom was used the lasttime they paid for sexual intercourse, by background characteristics, Tanzania HMIS2007-08BackgroundcharacteristicPayment for sexualintercourse in the past12 monthsPercentagewho paidfor sexualintercourseNumber ofmenCondom use at last paidsexual intercourseNumber ofmen who paidPercentage for sexualreporting intercoursecondom in the pastuse 12 monthsAge15-24 8.1 2,916 57.2 23615-19 4.6 1,768 55.6 8220-24 13.4 1,148 58.0 15425-29 10.8 1,004 60.6 10830-39 8.9 1,846 62.6 16540-49 5.5 1,210 61.8 67Marital statusNever married 8.4 2,931 58.4 246Married or living together 6.8 3,701 61.7 253Divorced/separated/widowed 22.5 343 58.7 77ResidenceUrban 6.5 1,699 77.9 110Rural 8.8 5,276 55.7 465Mainland/Zanzibar 8.5 6,763 59.9 574Mainland - Urban 6.7 1,628 78.1 110Dar es Salaam City 7.7 548 * 42Other Urban 6.3 1,079 76.1 68Mainland - Rural 9.0 5,136 55.6 464Zanzibar 0.7 212 * 2ZoneWestern 10.4 1,328 49.1 138Northern 2.4 1,034 * 25Central 11.7 408 (47.8) 48Southern Highlands 6.2 1,046 (70.9) 64Lake 8.5 1,249 58.7 106Eastern 8.3 1,038 73.5 86Southern 16.2 660 60.9 107Zanzibar 0.7 212 * 2EducationNo education 10.4 829 53.2 86Primary incomplete 9.0 1,534 60.2 138Primary complete 8.8 3,597 59.4 316Secondary + 3.5 1,016 (79.3) 36Wealth quintileLowest 9.7 1,173 41.8 114Second 9.1 1,411 53.1 128Middle 8.8 1,322 57.7 116Fourth 9.0 1,395 67.6 125Highest 5.4 1,670 83.7 91Total 8.3 6,975 59.9 576Note: Figures in parentheses are based on 25-49 unweighted cases. An asteriskindicates that an estimate is based on fewer than 25 unweighted cases and has beensuppressed.The proportion of men who paid for sexual intercourse in the 12 months before the survey isvery low in Zanzibar (less than 1 percent) and very high in Southern zone (16 percent). Paid sexdeclines with increasing education; 10 percent of men with no education reported having paid sex,compared with only 4 percent of those with secondary or higher education.7.6 VOLUNTARY HIV COUNSELLING AND TESTINGKnowledge of one’s HIV status can empower individuals to take precautions to protectagainst either acquiring or transmitting the disease. Awareness of HIV status can motivate positivelife styles among people who are HIV-positive. Consequently, Tanzania has established a number ofHIV/AIDS-Related Behaviour | 81
voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) sites across the country and encourages their use by thegeneral population. To assess the awareness and coverage of HIV testing services, THMISrespondents were asked whether they had ever been tested for HIV. If they said that they had beentested, respondents were asked when they were most recently tested, whether they had received theresults of their last test, and where they had been tested. If they had never been tested, they were askedif they knew a place where they could go to be tested.As shown in Tables 7.5.1 and 7.5.2, the vast majority of Tanzanian adults know where to getVCT. Eighty-one percent of women and 86 percent of men said they know where to get an HIV test.However, most people in the country have not been tested and consequently do not know theirHIV status. As shown in Tables 7.5.1 and 7.5.2, only 37 percent of women and 27 percent of menhave ever been tested and received results. A small proportion (4 percent of women and 3 percent ofmen) were tested but never received their test results. One in five women and men (19 percent) weretested and received their results in the 12 months before the survey. These results point to the need tokeep encouraging the general population to know their health status through available VCT sitesacross the country.Utilization of VCT services is higher among urban residents and increases with level ofeducation and wealth quintile among both women and men (Figure 7.2). Residents of Eastern Zoneare most likely to have ever been tested and received results, while women in Zanzibar and men in theLake Zone are least likely.Overall, the proportion of women and men age 15-49 who have been tested for HIV andreceived results in the 12 months before the survey has increased from 5 percent of women and7 percent of men reported in the 2003-04 THIS to 19 percent of women and men reported in the2007-08 THMIS.It is assumed that all pregnant women should be counselled about HIV during antenatal care(ANC) and offered an HIV test. Currently, treatment exists that can significantly reduce the chancesof an infant becoming infected with HIV from an HIV-positive mother during childbirth. Wheretreatment is not available, referral systems are in place and HIV-positive mothers should receivecounselling on best practices for their new baby and on future pregnancy choices. These actions areimportant in reducing the likelihood of HIV-positive women passing the virus to their children duringpregnancy, during delivery, or through breastfeeding. It is necessary to encourage pregnant women tobe tested so that they know their own HIV status.82 | HIV/AIDS-Related Behaviour
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TanzaniaHIV/AIDS and MalariaIndicat
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The 2007-08 Tanzania HIV/AIDS and M
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3.5 Access to Mass Media ..........
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12.2 Orphans and Vulnerable Childre
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Table 4.3Table 4.4Table 4.5Table 4.
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Figure 9.2 HIV Prevlence by Region/
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FOREWORDThis report presents the ma
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SUMMARY OF FINDINGSThe 2007-08 Tanz
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HIV prevalence among youth (women a
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xxii | Map of Tanzania
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1.2 NATIONAL POLICY ON HIV/AIDSIn r
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To assess levels and trends in know
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1.8 FIELDWORKData collection was ca
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Table 1.1 Results of the household
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Figure 2.1 presents a graphic pictu
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Table 2.3.1 Educational attainment
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Educational attainment is higher in
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2.5.1 Energy SourcesTable 2.5 prese
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The most common items are agricultu
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The 2007-08 THMIS included aquestio
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Table 3.1—ContinuedBackgroundchar
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Education is positively related to
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Table 3.3.2 Employment status: MenP
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Table 3.4.1 Exposure to mass media:
Page 53 and 54: 3.6 CURRENT MARITAL STATUSMarriage
Page 55 and 56: Polygyny also varies by household w
Page 57 and 58: Four in ten women age 20-49 marry b
Page 59 and 60: There is a positive relationship be
Page 62 and 63: FERTILITY AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 4
Page 64 and 65: Table 4.2 Fertility by background c
Page 66 and 67: infertility, 1 or the inability to
Page 68 and 69: 4.3 ADOLESCENT FERTILITYAdolescent
Page 70 and 71: Table 4.7 Antenatal carePercent dis
Page 72: Table 4.8 Place of antenatal carePe
Page 75 and 76: Table 5.1 Knowledge of AIDSPercenta
Page 77 and 78: The use of condoms as an effective
Page 79 and 80: Table 5.3.2 Comprehensive knowledge
Page 81 and 82: more education) and those in the fo
Page 83 and 84: Table 5.5.1 Exposure to HIV educati
Page 85 and 86: 5.6 KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE CONCERNI
Page 87 and 88: Table 5.6.2 Knowledge and attitudes
Page 89 and 90: Table 6.1.1 Accepting attitudes tow
Page 91 and 92: Stigma is also found to vary with l
Page 93 and 94: 6.3 ATTITUDES OF ADULTS TOWARDS EDU
Page 96 and 97: HIV/AIDS-RELATED BEHAVIOUR 77.1 INT
Page 98 and 99: Table 7.2.1 Recent sexual activity:
Page 100 and 101: Figure 7.1 Recent Sexual Intercours
Page 102 and 103: Table 7.3.2 Multiple sexual partner
Page 106 and 107: Table 7.5.1 Coverage of prior HIV t
Page 108 and 109: Figure 7.2 Prior HIV Testing by Edu
Page 110 and 111: 7.7 PREVALENCE OF SEXUALLY TRANSMIT
Page 112 and 113: Figure 7.3 Prevalence of STIs and S
Page 114: Table 7.8 Prevalence of medical inj
Page 117 and 118: Table 8.1 Comprehensive knowledge a
Page 119 and 120: Table 8.2 Age at first sexual inter
Page 121 and 122: Never-married women and men age 15-
Page 123 and 124: Figure 8.3 Condom Use at Premarital
Page 125 and 126: Table 8.5.2 Higher-risk sexual inte
Page 127 and 128: Table 8.6 Age-mixing in sexual rela
Page 129 and 130: 8.9 HIV TESTING AMONG YOUNG PEOPLEK
Page 132 and 133: HIV PREVALENCE 99.1 INTRODUCTIONPri
Page 134 and 135: Table 9.1 Coverage of HIV testing b
Page 136 and 137: Table 9.1—ContinuedBackgroundchar
Page 138 and 139: Table 9.3 HIV prevalence by ageAmon
Page 140 and 141: There are large variations in HIV p
Page 142 and 143: Table 9.5 shows that men who are cu
Page 144 and 145: Women who said they had higher-risk
Page 146 and 147: Table 9.8 shows data on HIV prevale
Page 148 and 149: Table 9.11 HIV prevalence by male c
Page 150 and 151: INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY 1010.1 I
Page 152 and 153: As expected, the level of infant an
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category (1.41) is 41 percent highe
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11.1 OWNERSHIP AND USE OF MOSQUITO
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carrying mosquitoes. Much of the fi
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11.2 USE OF ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS DURI
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11.3 TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WITH FEV
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11.4.1 Type and Timing of Antimalar
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11.4.2 Availability of Drug at Home
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11.6 SOURCE OF MOSQUITO NETSUntil l
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In spite of steady increases in ITN
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ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN 12P
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12.2 ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDRE
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12.3.1 School Attendance by Survivo
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While there are no differences in p
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Table 12.7 Widows dispossessed of p
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Table 12.9 External support for orp
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REFERENCESAgot, K.E., J.O. Ndinya-A
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SAMPLE IMPLEMENTATIONAPPENDIX AAppe
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Table A.2 Sample implementation: Me
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Table A.4 Coverage of HIV testing a
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Table A.6 Coverage of HIV testing a
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where h represents the stratum whic
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Table B.2 Sampling errors for Natio
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Table B.4 Sampling errors for Rural
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Table B.6 Sampling errors for Mainl
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Table B.8 Sampling errors for Mainl
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Table B.10 Sampling errors for Zanz
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Table B.12 Sampling errors for Nort
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Table B.14 Sampling errors for Sout
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Table B.16 Sampling errors for East
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Table B.18 Sampling errors for Dodo
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Table B.20 Sampling errors for Kili
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Table B.22 Sampling errors for Moro
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Table B.24 Sampling errors for Dar
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Table B.26 Sampling errors for Mtwa
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Table B.28 Sampling errors for Irin
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Table B.30 Sampling errors for Sing
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Table B.32 Sampling errors for Rukw
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Table B.34 Sampling errors for Shin
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Table B.36 Sampling errors for Mwan
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Table B.38 Sampling errors for Many
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Table B.40 Sampling errors for Pemb
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216 | Appendix B
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Joyce MbambaYulitha MwakasoleRemigi
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QUESTIONNAIRESAppendix DAppendix D
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULEIntroduction and
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IF AGE 0-17 YEARSIF AGE 5 YEARS OR
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IF AGE 0-17 YEARSLINE SICK CARE SUR
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HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICSNO. QUESTI
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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SUPPORT FOR SICK PEOPLENO. QUESTION
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSSUPPORT FOR
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSCODING CATE
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CHILD 4 CHILD 5 CHILD 6502 LINE NUM
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515 CHECK 509:NUMBER OF CHILDREN WI
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UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIATANZANIA
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213 214 215 216217 218219 220221222
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LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH SECON
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LASTSEXUAL PARTNERSECOND-TO-LASTSEX
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SECTION 7 - HIV TESTTHIS PAGE TO BE
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