Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey ... - Measure DHS

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Table 7.3.2 Multiple sexual partners and higher-risk sexual intercourse in the past 12 months: MenAmong all men age 15-49, percentage who had sexual intercourse with more than one partner in the past 12 months and percentage who had higher-risksexual intercourse in the past 12 months; and among men who had sexual intercourse in the past 12 months, percentage who had sexual intercourse withmore than one partner in the past 12 months and percentage who had higher-risk sexual intercourse in the past 12 months; and among men who had higherrisksexual intercourse in the past 12 months, percentage who used a condom at last higher-risk sex; and among men who ever had sexual intercourse, meannumber of sexual partners in lifetime, by background characteristics, Tanzania HMIS 2007-08BackgroundcharacteristicPercentagewho had2+partners inthe past12 monthsAll menPercentagewho hadhigher-riskintercoursein the past12 months 1 NumberPercentagewho had2+partners inthe past12 monthsMen who had sexualintercourse in thepast 12 monthsPercentagewho hadhigher-riskintercoursein the past12 months NumberMen who had 2+partners in the past12 monthsPercentagewho used acondomduring lastsexualintercourse NumberMen who hadhigher-riskintercourse in thepast 12 monthsPercentagewho used acondom atlast higherriskintercourse NumberMen who everhad sexualintercourseMeannumberofsexualpartnersinlifetime NumberAge15-24 9.3 33.9 2,916 22.0 79.8 1,237 36.9 272 49.0 987 3.6 1,56415-19 3.6 23.9 1,768 14.2 95.3 443 42.0 63 41.3 422 2.5 62520-24 18.2 49.2 1,148 26.4 71.1 794 35.3 209 54.7 565 4.3 93925-29 21.5 36.7 1,004 24.1 41.2 894 34.4 215 60.2 368 6.0 95130-39 25.3 24.4 1,846 26.8 25.9 1,741 15.8 466 57.2 451 8.1 1,77840-49 24.2 19.0 1,210 25.6 20.1 1,142 10.5 292 53.1 230 9.7 1,148Marital statusNever married 6.9 37.2 2,931 18.5 99.4 1,097 54.0 203 51.2 1,091 3.8 1,517Married or livingtogether 25.4 18.6 3,701 25.8 18.9 3,629 13.5 937 57.9 687 7.6 3,590Divorced/separated/widowed 30.9 75.1 343 37.0 89.9 287 40.1 106 49.5 258 11.2 333ResidenceUrban 13.6 31.3 1,699 20.3 46.8 1,135 35.2 231 69.9 531 6.3 1,299Rural 19.3 28.5 5,276 26.2 38.8 3,879 19.5 1,015 47.4 1,505 6.9 4,142Mainland/ZanzibarMainland 18.1 29.7 6,763 25.0 41.0 4,901 22.7 1,224 53.5 2,011 6.8 5,318Mainland – Urban 13.8 32.0 1,628 20.4 47.3 1,101 36.1 224 70.7 521 6.4 1,261Dar es Salaam City 12.7 33.2 548 19.2 50.3 362 39.2 70 78.9 182 6.3 431Other Urban 14.3 31.4 1,079 20.9 45.9 739 34.6 155 66.3 339 6.4 829Mainland – Rural 19.5 29.0 5,136 26.3 39.2 3,800 19.7 1,000 47.5 1,490 7.0 4,057Zanzibar 10.6 11.9 212 19.9 22.5 113 4.2 22 32.9 25 3.1 123Region/IslandArusha 5.6 21.6 262 8.1 31.1 182 * 15 (43.6) 57 5.6 199Dar es Salaam 12.4 32.9 580 18.7 49.5 385 (40.0) 72 79.8 191 6.6 456Dodoma 21.4 38.0 255 28.6 50.8 191 (25.4) 55 50.5 97 7.2 211Iringa 18.1 27.5 286 27.0 41.1 192 (37.9) 52 58.5 79 5.5 221Kagera 10.5 13.2 397 17.6 22.1 237 (5.7) 42 (53.9) 52 4.0 273Kigoma 8.6 15.2 292 12.7 22.5 197 * 25 (52.2) 44 3.9 201Kilimanjaro 9.9 25.1 271 16.2 40.9 167 * 27 67.6 68 5.1 199Lindi 27.4 43.6 164 30.8 49.0 146 29.7 45 58.0 72 8.4 150Manyara 7.3 24.4 203 9.8 32.9 150 * 15 27.8 50 5.6 153Mara 22.0 31.6 243 32.1 46.0 167 12.1 54 37.1 77 9.7 177Mbeya 18.3 19.4 496 27.8 29.4 326 (17.3) 91 74.5 96 5.5 380Morogoro 15.5 26.2 340 19.8 33.5 266 (20.7) 53 64.1 89 7.4 293Mtwara 27.6 42.0 209 32.2 48.9 179 (22.1) 58 52.9 88 8.3 192Mwanza 25.7 35.4 608 36.1 49.7 433 26.5 156 48.4 215 8.5 460Pwani 15.5 35.7 119 20.5 47.2 90 * 18 (61.9) 42 6.2 93Rukwa 18.2 24.8 264 23.7 33.2 198 (13.1) 47 48.2 66 5.8 219Ruvuma 18.9 42.0 287 22.9 51.0 236 (25.2) 54 61.8 120 6.9 246Shinyanga 25.1 33.0 633 31.8 41.9 499 7.9 159 28.4 209 8.9 520Singida 14.0 24.8 153 21.2 37.5 101 (26.4) 21 46.6 38 5.6 117Tabora 23.2 38.5 404 27.9 46.3 335 21.7 94 41.4 155 8.6 328Tanga 24.7 35.7 298 32.7 47.3 225 36.9 74 66.4 106 5.5 227Pemba 7.6 3.6 63 15.8 7.3 31 2.4 5 (24.0) 2 2.4 32Unguja 11.8 15.5 148 21.4 28.2 82 4.7 18 33.8 23 3.3 91ZoneWestern 20.9 30.8 1,328 26.9 39.6 1,031 13.4 277 35.9 409 7.9 1,049Northern 12.6 27.1 1,034 18.0 38.8 724 35.6 130 55.2 281 5.4 779Central 18.6 33.1 408 26.0 46.2 292 25.6 76 49.4 135 6.6 328Southern Highlands 18.2 23.0 1,046 26.5 33.6 716 21.9 189 62.1 240 5.6 820Lake 20.1 27.6 1,249 30.0 41.2 837 20.0 251 46.8 345 7.4 911Eastern 13.8 31.0 1,038 19.3 43.5 740 30.5 143 73.1 322 6.9 842Southern 23.8 42.4 660 27.9 49.8 561 25.3 157 58.1 280 7.8 588Zanzibar 10.6 11.9 212 19.9 22.5 113 4.2 22 32.9 25 3.1 123EducationNo education 20.5 29.7 829 24.6 35.7 689 15.5 170 39.3 246 7.6 719Primary incomplete 17.2 30.5 1,534 29.2 51.7 904 26.0 264 44.0 468 5.7 982Primary complete 19.4 29.3 3,597 24.3 36.8 2,862 20.9 695 55.2 1,054 7.0 3,068Secondary + 11.5 26.4 1,016 21.0 48.1 558 33.3 117 74.6 268 6.0 672Wealth quintileLowest 17.8 28.6 1,173 23.0 37.2 900 12.2 207 32.8 335 7.3 929Second 19.1 29.1 1,411 25.5 38.8 1,060 24.6 270 45.5 411 6.6 1,140Middle 22.0 29.8 1,322 29.8 40.4 974 18.2 290 49.9 393 7.0 1,039Fourth 17.4 28.1 1,395 25.3 41.0 957 24.2 242 58.6 392 6.7 1,058Highest 14.2 30.0 1,670 21.1 44.8 1,120 32.2 236 71.9 502 6.4 1,272Total 15-49 17.9 29.2 6,975 24.9 40.6 5,014 22.4 1,246 53.3 2,036 6.8 5,441Note: Figures in parentheses are based on 25-49 unweighted cases. An asterisk indicates than an estimate is based on fewer than 25 unweighted cases andhas been suppressed.1Sexual intercourse with a nonmarital, noncohabiting partnerHIV/AIDS-Related Behaviour | 79
The survey also assessed condom use among women and men with multiple partners or higherrisksex in the 12 months preceding the survey. Although truly effective protection would require condomuse at every sexual encounter, the sexual encounters covered here are those considered to pose the greatestrisk of HIV transmission. Because of the low proportion of women who reported having more than onepartner in the 12 months before the survey, data are only shown for men. Over one-fifth (22 percent)of men who said they had two or more partners in the past 12 months, said they used a condom thelast time they had sex.Condom use at higher-risk sexual encounters is relatively common. Among women whoreported having had higher-risk intercourse in the past 12 months, 43 percent used a condom at thelast higher-risk sex. For men, the comparable figure is 53 percent.The lower levels of multiple partnership, higher-risk sex, and condom use reported by womencompared with men could be real or could be due to reluctance on the part of women to reportbehaviour that may not be generally accepted. Also, women may not always be aware of condom useby their sexual partners.The proportion of respondents with more than one partner in the past 12 months does not varymuch by age for women; however, it generally increases with age among men. Younger women andmen are more likely to have had higher-risk sex than older respondents; however, this is partlybecause they are less likely to be married. Younger respondents are also more likely than olderrespondents to report having used condoms at the most recent higher-risk sex.As expected, women and men who are married are far less likely to report having higher-risksex than their counterparts who have never married or who used to be married. Urban women andmen are more likely to have higher-risk sex than rural residents, and are also more likely to usecondoms at higher-risk sex. There are large differentials by region. For example, the proportion ofmen who had two or more sexual partners in the 12 months before the survey ranges from 6 percent inArusha region to almost 28 percent in Mtwara Region.Education and socio-economic status, as measured by the wealth index (quintiles), do nothave a clear relationship with either the number of sexual partners or the propensity of having higherrisksex. However, condom use at last higher-risk sex increases substantially as education and wealthquintile increases.Regarding mean number of lifetime sexual partners among those who ever had sex, womenreported a mean of 2.4, compared with 6.8 for men. The mean number of lifetime sexual partnersincreases with age from 2.5 among men age 15-19 to 9.7 among men age 40-49; it is also particularlyhigh among men who are divorced, separated or widowed (11.2).7.5 PAID SEXAs mentioned above, higher-risk sex is defined as sex with a nonmarital, noncohabitingpartner. This includes sex with commercial sex workers (i.e., prostitutes). Sex with prostitutes isparticularly risky because they have many partners and are thus more likely to have sexuallytransmitted infections. Men interviewed in the THMIS were asked about paid sex.Table 7.4 shows that 8 percent of men age 15-49 paid for sex in the 12 months before thesurvey and 60 percent of these men reported that they used a condom at their most recent paid sexualintercourse. Only 5 percent of young respondents age 15-19 paid for sex, more than half (56 percent)of whom used a condom at their last paid sexual intercourse. However, among those in the next agegroup age 20-24, 13 percent had paid sex and 58 percent reported using a condom at last paid sex.Men who are divorced, separated, or widowed are particularly likely to engage in paid sex (23percent), but are no more likely than married or single men to use condoms when they have sex formoney.80 | HIV/AIDS-Related Behaviour
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TanzaniaHIV/AIDS and MalariaIndicat
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The 2007-08 Tanzania HIV/AIDS and M
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3.5 Access to Mass Media ..........
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12.2 Orphans and Vulnerable Childre
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Table 4.3Table 4.4Table 4.5Table 4.
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Figure 9.2 HIV Prevlence by Region/
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FOREWORDThis report presents the ma
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SUMMARY OF FINDINGSThe 2007-08 Tanz
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HIV prevalence among youth (women a
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xxii | Map of Tanzania
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1.2 NATIONAL POLICY ON HIV/AIDSIn r
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To assess levels and trends in know
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1.8 FIELDWORKData collection was ca
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Table 1.1 Results of the household
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Figure 2.1 presents a graphic pictu
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Table 2.3.1 Educational attainment
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Educational attainment is higher in
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2.5.1 Energy SourcesTable 2.5 prese
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The most common items are agricultu
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The 2007-08 THMIS included aquestio
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Table 3.1—ContinuedBackgroundchar
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Education is positively related to
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Table 3.3.2 Employment status: MenP
Page 51 and 52: Table 3.4.1 Exposure to mass media:
Page 53 and 54: 3.6 CURRENT MARITAL STATUSMarriage
Page 55 and 56: Polygyny also varies by household w
Page 57 and 58: Four in ten women age 20-49 marry b
Page 59 and 60: There is a positive relationship be
Page 62 and 63: FERTILITY AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 4
Page 64 and 65: Table 4.2 Fertility by background c
Page 66 and 67: infertility, 1 or the inability to
Page 68 and 69: 4.3 ADOLESCENT FERTILITYAdolescent
Page 70 and 71: Table 4.7 Antenatal carePercent dis
Page 72: Table 4.8 Place of antenatal carePe
Page 75 and 76: Table 5.1 Knowledge of AIDSPercenta
Page 77 and 78: The use of condoms as an effective
Page 79 and 80: Table 5.3.2 Comprehensive knowledge
Page 81 and 82: more education) and those in the fo
Page 83 and 84: Table 5.5.1 Exposure to HIV educati
Page 85 and 86: 5.6 KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE CONCERNI
Page 87 and 88: Table 5.6.2 Knowledge and attitudes
Page 89 and 90: Table 6.1.1 Accepting attitudes tow
Page 91 and 92: Stigma is also found to vary with l
Page 93 and 94: 6.3 ATTITUDES OF ADULTS TOWARDS EDU
Page 96 and 97: HIV/AIDS-RELATED BEHAVIOUR 77.1 INT
Page 98 and 99: Table 7.2.1 Recent sexual activity:
Page 100 and 101: Figure 7.1 Recent Sexual Intercours
Page 104 and 105: Table 7.4 Payment for sexual interc
Page 106 and 107: Table 7.5.1 Coverage of prior HIV t
Page 108 and 109: Figure 7.2 Prior HIV Testing by Edu
Page 110 and 111: 7.7 PREVALENCE OF SEXUALLY TRANSMIT
Page 112 and 113: Figure 7.3 Prevalence of STIs and S
Page 114: Table 7.8 Prevalence of medical inj
Page 117 and 118: Table 8.1 Comprehensive knowledge a
Page 119 and 120: Table 8.2 Age at first sexual inter
Page 121 and 122: Never-married women and men age 15-
Page 123 and 124: Figure 8.3 Condom Use at Premarital
Page 125 and 126: Table 8.5.2 Higher-risk sexual inte
Page 127 and 128: Table 8.6 Age-mixing in sexual rela
Page 129 and 130: 8.9 HIV TESTING AMONG YOUNG PEOPLEK
Page 132 and 133: HIV PREVALENCE 99.1 INTRODUCTIONPri
Page 134 and 135: Table 9.1 Coverage of HIV testing b
Page 136 and 137: Table 9.1—ContinuedBackgroundchar
Page 138 and 139: Table 9.3 HIV prevalence by ageAmon
Page 140 and 141: There are large variations in HIV p
Page 142 and 143: Table 9.5 shows that men who are cu
Page 144 and 145: Women who said they had higher-risk
Page 146 and 147: Table 9.8 shows data on HIV prevale
Page 148 and 149: Table 9.11 HIV prevalence by male c
Page 150 and 151: INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY 1010.1 I
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As expected, the level of infant an
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category (1.41) is 41 percent highe
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11.1 OWNERSHIP AND USE OF MOSQUITO
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carrying mosquitoes. Much of the fi
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11.2 USE OF ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS DURI
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11.3 TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WITH FEV
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11.4.1 Type and Timing of Antimalar
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11.4.2 Availability of Drug at Home
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11.6 SOURCE OF MOSQUITO NETSUntil l
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In spite of steady increases in ITN
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ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN 12P
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12.2 ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDRE
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12.3.1 School Attendance by Survivo
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While there are no differences in p
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Table 12.7 Widows dispossessed of p
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Table 12.9 External support for orp
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REFERENCESAgot, K.E., J.O. Ndinya-A
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SAMPLE IMPLEMENTATIONAPPENDIX AAppe
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Table A.2 Sample implementation: Me
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Table A.4 Coverage of HIV testing a
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Table A.6 Coverage of HIV testing a
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where h represents the stratum whic
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Table B.2 Sampling errors for Natio
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Table B.4 Sampling errors for Rural
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Table B.6 Sampling errors for Mainl
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Table B.8 Sampling errors for Mainl
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Table B.10 Sampling errors for Zanz
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Table B.12 Sampling errors for Nort
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Table B.14 Sampling errors for Sout
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Table B.16 Sampling errors for East
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Table B.18 Sampling errors for Dodo
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Table B.20 Sampling errors for Kili
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Table B.22 Sampling errors for Moro
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Table B.24 Sampling errors for Dar
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Table B.26 Sampling errors for Mtwa
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Table B.28 Sampling errors for Irin
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Table B.30 Sampling errors for Sing
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Table B.32 Sampling errors for Rukw
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Table B.34 Sampling errors for Shin
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Table B.36 Sampling errors for Mwan
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Table B.38 Sampling errors for Many
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Table B.40 Sampling errors for Pemb
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216 | Appendix B
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Joyce MbambaYulitha MwakasoleRemigi
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QUESTIONNAIRESAppendix DAppendix D
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULEIntroduction and
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IF AGE 0-17 YEARSIF AGE 5 YEARS OR
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IF AGE 0-17 YEARSLINE SICK CARE SUR
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HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICSNO. QUESTI
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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SUPPORT FOR SICK PEOPLENO. QUESTION
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSSUPPORT FOR
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSCODING CATE
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CHILD 4 CHILD 5 CHILD 6502 LINE NUM
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515 CHECK 509:NUMBER OF CHILDREN WI
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UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIATANZANIA
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213 214 215 216217 218219 220221222
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LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH SECON
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LASTSEXUAL PARTNERSECOND-TO-LASTSEX
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SECTION 7 - HIV TESTTHIS PAGE TO BE
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