Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey ... - Measure DHS

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Figure 7.1 Recent Sexual Intercourse by Marital Status868078605140282013170100 Percent Women MenNever married Married or living together Divorced/separatedwidowedMarital statusTHMIS 2007-087.4 MULTIPLE SEXUAL PARTNERS AND HIGHER-RISK SEXInformation on sexual behaviour is important in designing and monitoring interventionprogrammes to control the spread of HIV. The 2007-08 THMIS included questions about respondents’sexual partners over the 12 months preceding the survey as well as the number of lifetimepartners. These questions allow for estimating the extent of higher-risk sexual activity. In the contextof this survey, higher-risk sex is defined as sex with a nonmarital, noncohabiting partner in the 12months preceding the survey. For male respondents, an additional question was asked on whether theypaid for sex during the 12 months preceding the survey. Information on the use of condoms at the lastsexual intercourse with each type of partner was collected for both women and men. These questionsare sensitive, and it is recognized that some respondents may have been reluctant to provideinformation on recent sexual behaviour. Tables 7.3.1 and 7.3.2 show the percentage of women andmen, respectively, age 15-49 years who had more than one sexual partner and the percentage whoengaged in higher-risk sexual intercourse in the past 12 months among all respondents and amongthose who had sex in the previous 12 months.Specifically, the data show that women are far less likely than men to report having had twoor more sexual partners in the past 12 months. Only 3 percent of women reported having had sex withmore than one partner in the 12 months preceding the survey, compared with 18 percent of men. Asimilar differential exists for higher-risk sex. Sixteen percent of all women and 29 percent of menreported having sex in the 12 months before the survey with someone who was not a husband/wife orcohabiting partner.When the results are confined to only those who had sex in the 12 months before the survey,the proportions who had multiple partners and higher-risk sex are higher than among all women andmen, particularly for men. Among men who had sex in the 12 months before the survey, one-quartersaid they had more than one partner in that time period and 41 percent reported having had sex with anonmarital, noncohabiting partner.HIV/AIDS-Related Behaviour | 77
Table 7.3.1 Multiple sexual partners and higher-risk sexual intercourse in the past 12 months: WomenAmong all women age 15-49, percentage who had sexual intercourse with more than one partner in the past 12 months and percentage who had higherrisksexual intercourse in the past 12 months; and among women who had sexual intercourse in the past 12 months, percentage who had sexualintercourse with more than one partner in the past 12 months and percentage who had higher-risk sexual intercourse in the past 12 months; and amongwomen who had higher-risk sexual intercourse in the past 12 months, percentage who used a condom at last higher-risk sex; and among women who everhad sexual intercourse, mean number of sexual partners in lifetime, by background characteristics, Tanzania HMIS 2007-08Percentagewho had2+ partnersin the past12 monthsAll womenPercentagewho hadhigher-riskintercoursein the past12 months 1 NumberWomen who had sexualintercourse in thepast 12 monthsPercentagewho had2+ partnersin the past12 monthsPercentagewho hadhigher-riskintercoursein the past12 months 1 NumberWomen who hadhigher-risk intercoursein the past 12 monthsPercentagewho used acondom atlast higherriskintercourse 1Women who ever hadsexual intercourseMeannumber ofsexualpartners inlifetimeBackgroundcharacteristicNumberNumberAge15-24 2.5 19.3 3,730 4.1 31.5 2,282 46.3 719 2.0 2,52915-19 1.9 20.0 1,984 4.8 49.1 810 48.2 398 1.8 90720-24 3.1 18.4 1,746 3.7 21.9 1,472 43.9 322 2.1 1,62225-29 2.6 14.3 1,603 2.8 15.6 1,465 42.0 229 2.4 1,56830-39 3.1 14.2 2,521 3.4 15.8 2,262 41.6 357 2.6 2,49940-49 2.3 11.9 1,488 2.9 14.8 1,196 32.3 177 2.8 1,478Marital statusNever married 1.4 32.9 2,214 4.3 98.8 737 48.1 728 2.3 978Married or living together 2.5 3.1 5,983 2.6 3.2 5,739 38.8 185 2.3 5,958Divorced/separated/widowed 5.5 49.6 1,147 8.6 78.1 728 37.3 569 3.4 1,138ResidenceUrban 2.3 21.5 2,459 3.1 28.9 1,831 51.7 529 2.6 2,078Rural 2.7 13.8 6,884 3.5 17.7 5,374 37.8 952 2.4 5,996Mainland/ZanzibarMainland 2.7 16.2 9,034 3.5 20.8 7,017 43.1 1,462 2.5 7,868Mainland – Urban 2.4 22.1 2,353 3.2 29.4 1,768 52.1 521 2.6 2,007Dar es Salaam City 2.1 22.0 762 2.9 30.3 553 64.6 168 2.4 655Other Urban 2.6 22.2 1,591 3.4 29.0 1,216 46.2 353 2.7 1,353Mainland – Rural 2.8 14.1 6,681 3.6 17.9 5,249 38.1 942 2.4 5,861Zanzibar 0.3 6.2 309 0.5 10.3 187 20.3 19 1.7 206Region/IslandArusha 0.2 10.4 383 0.3 14.7 271 34.7 40 1.8 320Dar es Salaam 2.5 22.5 797 3.4 30.6 586 64.2 179 2.5 689Dodoma 4.7 14.5 338 6.2 19.1 256 38.4 49 2.5 293Iringa 0.7 10.9 403 1.1 16.3 268 44.9 44 2.0 352Kagera 2.5 11.9 495 3.3 15.7 375 37.7 59 2.0 422Kigoma 0.5 9.1 414 0.7 12.6 298 28.5 37 1.7 324Kilimanjaro 0.9 13.8 379 1.4 20.7 253 57.6 52 1.9 296Lindi 5.0 22.3 246 6.2 27.5 200 45.5 55 3.7 218Manyara 0.6 7.6 263 0.8 10.6 189 7.7 20 2.3 214Mara 4.4 23.6 368 5.5 29.6 293 43.5 87 3.1 324Mbeya 0.5 6.6 581 0.7 8.7 441 35.5 38 1.5 501Morogoro 2.2 16.8 436 2.7 20.2 364 54.2 73 2.6 404Mtwara 6.4 20.9 324 7.5 24.6 274 28.1 68 4.0 296Mwanza 3.2 19.1 833 3.9 23.8 670 40.0 159 3.2 720Pwani 4.3 24.2 203 5.6 31.2 158 36.7 49 3.0 178Rukwa 0.2 7.3 314 0.2 9.3 247 28.6 23 1.5 276Ruvuma 3.4 19.6 372 4.3 24.8 293 42.8 73 3.0 344Shinyanga 2.7 17.0 750 3.1 19.6 648 36.8 127 2.5 686Singida 3.8 15.6 194 4.6 19.2 157 16.0 30 2.2 166Tabora 5.9 21.6 518 6.9 25.6 437 43.3 112 2.8 466Tanga 4.1 20.5 424 5.1 25.7 339 50.2 87 2.0 380Pemba 0.0 1.0 94 0.0 1.6 58 * 1 1.5 63Unguja 0.5 8.5 214 0.8 14.2 129 20.3 18 1.8 143ZoneWestern 3.1 16.5 1,682 3.8 20.0 1,384 38.3 277 2.4 1,476Northern 1.6 13.7 1,449 2.2 19.0 1,051 44.8 199 1.9 1,209Central 4.4 14.9 532 5.6 19.2 414 29.8 79 2.4 459Southern Highlands 0.5 8.1 1,297 0.7 11.0 956 37.9 105 1.7 1,130Lake 3.2 18.0 1,696 4.1 22.8 1,338 40.5 305 2.8 1,466Eastern 2.7 21.0 1,436 3.5 27.3 1,107 57.3 302 2.6 1,271Southern 4.8 20.7 942 5.9 25.4 767 38.5 195 3.5 857Zanzibar 0.3 6.2 309 0.5 10.3 187 20.3 19 1.7 206EducationNo education 2.2 11.6 1,983 2.6 13.8 1,663 30.3 229 2.3 1,898Primary incomplete 2.8 16.8 1,517 4.0 24.4 1,046 31.4 256 2.8 1,147Primary complete 3.0 16.6 4,945 3.7 20.6 3,984 46.0 822 2.4 4,426Secondary + 1.4 19.4 898 2.5 34.1 511 60.8 174 2.1 603Wealth quintileLowest 4.0 16.3 1,700 5.1 20.7 1,338 25.2 276 2.7 1,516Second 1.7 11.2 1,634 2.0 13.8 1,327 40.3 184 2.3 1,462Middle 3.3 14.5 1,757 4.2 18.6 1,375 37.8 255 2.2 1,528Fourth 2.1 16.0 1,867 2.7 21.1 1,418 42.8 299 2.6 1,598Highest 2.3 19.6 2,384 3.1 26.7 1,747 56.9 467 2.4 1,969Total 2.6 15.9 9,343 3.4 20.6 7,205 42.8 1,482 2.4 8,074Note: An asterisk indicates that an estimate is based on fewer than 25 unweighted cases and has been suppressed.1Sexual intercourse with nonmarital, noncohabiting partner78 | HIV/AIDS-Related Behaviour
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TanzaniaHIV/AIDS and MalariaIndicat
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The 2007-08 Tanzania HIV/AIDS and M
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3.5 Access to Mass Media ..........
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12.2 Orphans and Vulnerable Childre
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Table 4.3Table 4.4Table 4.5Table 4.
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Figure 9.2 HIV Prevlence by Region/
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FOREWORDThis report presents the ma
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SUMMARY OF FINDINGSThe 2007-08 Tanz
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HIV prevalence among youth (women a
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xxii | Map of Tanzania
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1.2 NATIONAL POLICY ON HIV/AIDSIn r
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To assess levels and trends in know
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1.8 FIELDWORKData collection was ca
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Table 1.1 Results of the household
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Figure 2.1 presents a graphic pictu
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Table 2.3.1 Educational attainment
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Educational attainment is higher in
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2.5.1 Energy SourcesTable 2.5 prese
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The most common items are agricultu
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The 2007-08 THMIS included aquestio
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Table 3.1—ContinuedBackgroundchar
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Education is positively related to
Page 49 and 50: Table 3.3.2 Employment status: MenP
Page 51 and 52: Table 3.4.1 Exposure to mass media:
Page 53 and 54: 3.6 CURRENT MARITAL STATUSMarriage
Page 55 and 56: Polygyny also varies by household w
Page 57 and 58: Four in ten women age 20-49 marry b
Page 59 and 60: There is a positive relationship be
Page 62 and 63: FERTILITY AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 4
Page 64 and 65: Table 4.2 Fertility by background c
Page 66 and 67: infertility, 1 or the inability to
Page 68 and 69: 4.3 ADOLESCENT FERTILITYAdolescent
Page 70 and 71: Table 4.7 Antenatal carePercent dis
Page 72: Table 4.8 Place of antenatal carePe
Page 75 and 76: Table 5.1 Knowledge of AIDSPercenta
Page 77 and 78: The use of condoms as an effective
Page 79 and 80: Table 5.3.2 Comprehensive knowledge
Page 81 and 82: more education) and those in the fo
Page 83 and 84: Table 5.5.1 Exposure to HIV educati
Page 85 and 86: 5.6 KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE CONCERNI
Page 87 and 88: Table 5.6.2 Knowledge and attitudes
Page 89 and 90: Table 6.1.1 Accepting attitudes tow
Page 91 and 92: Stigma is also found to vary with l
Page 93 and 94: 6.3 ATTITUDES OF ADULTS TOWARDS EDU
Page 96 and 97: HIV/AIDS-RELATED BEHAVIOUR 77.1 INT
Page 98 and 99: Table 7.2.1 Recent sexual activity:
Page 102 and 103: Table 7.3.2 Multiple sexual partner
Page 104 and 105: Table 7.4 Payment for sexual interc
Page 106 and 107: Table 7.5.1 Coverage of prior HIV t
Page 108 and 109: Figure 7.2 Prior HIV Testing by Edu
Page 110 and 111: 7.7 PREVALENCE OF SEXUALLY TRANSMIT
Page 112 and 113: Figure 7.3 Prevalence of STIs and S
Page 114: Table 7.8 Prevalence of medical inj
Page 117 and 118: Table 8.1 Comprehensive knowledge a
Page 119 and 120: Table 8.2 Age at first sexual inter
Page 121 and 122: Never-married women and men age 15-
Page 123 and 124: Figure 8.3 Condom Use at Premarital
Page 125 and 126: Table 8.5.2 Higher-risk sexual inte
Page 127 and 128: Table 8.6 Age-mixing in sexual rela
Page 129 and 130: 8.9 HIV TESTING AMONG YOUNG PEOPLEK
Page 132 and 133: HIV PREVALENCE 99.1 INTRODUCTIONPri
Page 134 and 135: Table 9.1 Coverage of HIV testing b
Page 136 and 137: Table 9.1—ContinuedBackgroundchar
Page 138 and 139: Table 9.3 HIV prevalence by ageAmon
Page 140 and 141: There are large variations in HIV p
Page 142 and 143: Table 9.5 shows that men who are cu
Page 144 and 145: Women who said they had higher-risk
Page 146 and 147: Table 9.8 shows data on HIV prevale
Page 148 and 149: Table 9.11 HIV prevalence by male c
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INFANT AND CHILD MORTALITY 1010.1 I
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As expected, the level of infant an
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category (1.41) is 41 percent highe
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11.1 OWNERSHIP AND USE OF MOSQUITO
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carrying mosquitoes. Much of the fi
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11.2 USE OF ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS DURI
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11.3 TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WITH FEV
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11.4.1 Type and Timing of Antimalar
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11.4.2 Availability of Drug at Home
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11.6 SOURCE OF MOSQUITO NETSUntil l
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In spite of steady increases in ITN
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ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDREN 12P
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12.2 ORPHANS AND VULNERABLE CHILDRE
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12.3.1 School Attendance by Survivo
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While there are no differences in p
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Table 12.7 Widows dispossessed of p
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Table 12.9 External support for orp
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REFERENCESAgot, K.E., J.O. Ndinya-A
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SAMPLE IMPLEMENTATIONAPPENDIX AAppe
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Table A.2 Sample implementation: Me
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Table A.4 Coverage of HIV testing a
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Table A.6 Coverage of HIV testing a
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where h represents the stratum whic
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Table B.2 Sampling errors for Natio
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Table B.4 Sampling errors for Rural
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Table B.6 Sampling errors for Mainl
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Table B.8 Sampling errors for Mainl
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Table B.10 Sampling errors for Zanz
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Table B.12 Sampling errors for Nort
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Table B.14 Sampling errors for Sout
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Table B.16 Sampling errors for East
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Table B.18 Sampling errors for Dodo
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Table B.20 Sampling errors for Kili
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Table B.22 Sampling errors for Moro
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Table B.24 Sampling errors for Dar
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Table B.26 Sampling errors for Mtwa
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Table B.28 Sampling errors for Irin
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Table B.30 Sampling errors for Sing
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Table B.32 Sampling errors for Rukw
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Table B.34 Sampling errors for Shin
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Table B.36 Sampling errors for Mwan
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Table B.38 Sampling errors for Many
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Table B.40 Sampling errors for Pemb
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216 | Appendix B
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Joyce MbambaYulitha MwakasoleRemigi
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QUESTIONNAIRESAppendix DAppendix D
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULEIntroduction and
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IF AGE 0-17 YEARSIF AGE 5 YEARS OR
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IF AGE 0-17 YEARSLINE SICK CARE SUR
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HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICSNO. QUESTI
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NO. QUESTIONS AND FILTERS CODING CA
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SUPPORT FOR SICK PEOPLENO. QUESTION
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSSUPPORT FOR
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSCODING CATE
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CHILD 4 CHILD 5 CHILD 6502 LINE NUM
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515 CHECK 509:NUMBER OF CHILDREN WI
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UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIATANZANIA
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213 214 215 216217 218219 220221222
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LAST BIRTH NEXT-TO-LAST BIRTH SECON
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LASTSEXUAL PARTNERSECOND-TO-LASTSEX
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SECTION 7 - HIV TESTTHIS PAGE TO BE
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