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Introduction to the National and Regional Mid-Decade Assessment 11Introduction to the National andRegional Mid-Decade Assessment1.1 IntroductionKo-Chih Tung, Regional Advisor, <strong>UNESCO</strong> Institute for StatisticsThis section presents a summary of the background and preparations for thenational and regional EFA Mid-Decade Assessment (2006-2007) and Mid-Term Review(2007-2008) for the Asia and the Pacific Region.The theme of the assessment is “reaching the unreached”, focusing on quality andequality in access and participation in achieving each of the six goals of EFA. Thecurrent lead coordinating agencies are <strong>UNESCO</strong> and UNICEF. The World Bank, AsianDevelopment Bank, UNDP, UNFPA, ILO and other agencies, especially the bilateralsand NGOs who are active supporters of education-sector development, are verywelcome, indeed acutely needed, to join this concerted assistance to nationalassessments.BackgroundEducation for All (EFA) is a basic human right at the heart of development. EFA wasrecognized by Article 26 of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted in1948 by the General Assembly of the United Nations, and then over 40 years later ata world conference on Education for All held in Jomtien, Thailand, in 1990. Participantsfrom 155 countries and representatives of 160 governmental and non-governmentalagencies adopted a World Declaration on EFA, reaffirming the notion of education asa fundamental human right and urging nations of the world to intensify their efforts toaddress the basic learning needs of all. The Jomtien Framework for Action to Meet theBasic Learning Needs spelled out targets and strategies for reaching the EFA goal bythe year 2000. The key points and principles included universal access to learning;a focus on equity; emphasis on learning outcomes; broadening the means and thescope of basic education; enhancing the environment for learning; and strengtheningpartnerships.In 1998-1999, participating countries were expected to assess their progress towardthe EFA goals, and UN EFA convening agencies were meant to assist in this endeavorEducation for All: Reaching the Unreached
2 EFA Mid-Decade Assessment(EFA 2000 Assessment), in anticipation of the end-of-decade review. In April 2000,the World Education Forum was held in Dakar, Senegal. The Forum providedthe opportunity to respond to the assessment of the achievements, lessons andfailures of the 10-year period since the Jomtien Declaration. There were more than1,100 participants from 164 countries ranging from teachers to prime ministers,academics to policy-makers, political activists to the heads of major politicalorganizations. It included national assessments of the progress achieved sinceJomtien in 183 countries, the problems encountered and recommendations for futureaction. In some parts of the world, the assessment showed that although the barriersto achieving EFA are formidable, progress had been achieved in proving that EFA isa realistic and achievable goal. However, in other parts of the world there was verylittle progress and, in some cases, even reversals.EFA 1990-2000: Weak or No National Capacity for Systematic AssessmentThe Jomtien Declaration had foreseen the need for national monitoring of progresstoward the attainment of the EFA goals. It was assumed that, along with the educationreforms to fulfill their commitments to the EFA goals, Governments, as a matter of goodgovernance, would monitor the implementation and assess the outcomes of theirpolicies. However, it became clear that there was a lack of follow-through withinvestment in the long-term process of national capacity-building of this monitoringfunction 1 . A review of the original EFA goals was undertaken in 1995, in Amman,Jordan – a review in which most countries received little help to prepare a status report.The need for disaggregated data (to better identify disparities) was clearly highlighted,especially by UNICEF.Nine years went by and less than a year before the Dakar Conference, countries wereinvited to submit the end-of-decade “EFA 2000 Assessment Report.” The lesson learntfrom this assessment and the mid-term review in 1995 was that at least two years arerequired to conduct proper and relevant nationwide data collection and analysis indeveloping countries where the necessary infrastructure is absent or inadequate.Many countries submitted reports written by agency-sponsored foreign consultants whohad to rely upon poor and out-dated data.In almost all cases, the reports for the EFA 2000 Assessment which relied largely onschool administrative data aggregated at the national level left many areas in the dark,especially those areas not covered by the formal primary education – ECCE, life skills,1With the new broader and more complex set of EFA goals set at the 2000 World Education Forum(Dakar, Senegal), these limitations were further exacerbated. The six goals of EFA pertain to earlychildhood care and education (ECCE), primary/basic education, life skills, literacy, gender equality andquality of education.Education for All: Reaching the Unreached
Page 2 and 3: EFA Mid-Decade AssessmentEducation
Page 4 and 5: Preface1ForewordiiiHow close are co
Page 6 and 7: Prefacevcommunities where the langu
Page 8 and 9: Table of Contents1Table of Contents
Page 10 and 11: Table of ContentsixTable of Content
Page 12 and 13: Table of ContentsxiThis document co
Page 14 and 15: IntroductionxiiiEFA Mid-Decade Asse
Page 18 and 19: Introduction to the National and Re
Page 32 and 33: EFA Goal One: Expanding Early Child
Page 40 and 41: EFA Goal Two: Providing Free and Co
Page 50 and 51: EFA Goal Three: Promoting Life Skil
Page 62 and 63: EFA Goal Four: Improving Adult Lite
Page 64 and 65: EFA Goal Four: Improving Adult Lite
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EFA Goal Four: Improving Adult Lite
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EFA Goal Five: Achieving Gender Par
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EFA Goal Six: Enhancing Educational
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EFA Goal Six: Enhancing Educational
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Country Work Planning Guide 658Coun
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Country Work Planning Guide 678.4 N
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Country Work Planning Guide 69Pleas
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Addendum 71TWG on EFA member agenci
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Annexes 7315.30-16.00 Break16.00-17
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Annexes 7515.00-15.30 Break15.30-16
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Annexes 7710.2 List of Participants
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Annexes 79CHINAINDIAINDONESIADong J
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Annexes 81MALAYSIAMALDIVESKhammoune
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Annexes 83NEPALPAKISTANShagdarsuren
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Annexes 85THAILANDVIET NAMCharuaypo
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Annexes 87Rehabilitation Internatio
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Annexes 89Dominique ALTNERChief, Ed
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Annexes 91Education for All: Reachi
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