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www.GOALias.blogspot.com174 Politics in India since IndependenceI wish to be sureif this phenomenonwould have a long-termeffect.A reaction to Mandalisation.Third, the economic policy followed by the various governmentstook a radically different turn. This is known as the initiationof the structural adjustment programme or the new economicreforms. Started by Rajiv Gandhi, these changes first became veryvisible in 1991 and radically changed the direction that the Indianeconomy had pursued since Independence. These policies have beenwidely criticised by various movements and organisations. But thevarious governments that came to power in this period have continuedto follow these.Credit: R. K. Laxman in the Times of IndiaI am not clearif this will make adifference to politics,especially if everyone hasthe same policy.Manmohan Singh, the then Finance Minister, with Prime Minister Narsimha Rao, inthe initial phase of the ‘New Economic Policy’.