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www.GOALias.blogspot.com162 Politics in India since IndependenceNote: This illustrationis not a map drawn toscale and should not betaken to be an authenticdepiction of India’sexternal boundaries.The North-EastIn the North-East, regional aspirations reached a turning point in1980s. This region now consists of seven States, also referred to asthe ‘seven sisters’. The region has only 4 per cent of the country’spopulation but about twice as much share of its area. A small corridorof about 22 kilometers connects the region to the rest of the country.Otherwise the region shares boundaries with China, Myanmar andBangladesh and serves as India’s gateway to South East Asia.The region has witnessed a lot of change since 1947. Tripura,Manipur and Khasi Hills of Meghalaya were erstwhile Princely Stateswhich merged with India after Independence. The entire region ofNorth-East has undergone considerable political reorganisation.Nagaland State was created in 1960; Meghalaya, Manipur and Tripurain 1972 while Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram became separateStates only in 1986. The Partition of India in 1947 had reduced theNorth-East to a land locked region and affected its economy. Cut offfrom the rest of India, the region suffered neglect in developmentalterms. Its politics too remained insulated. At the same time, mostStates in this region underwent major demographic changes due toinflux of migrants from neighbouring States and countries.The isolation of the region, its complex social character andits backwardness compared to other parts of the country have allresulted in the complicated set of demands from different states of theNorth-East. The vast internationalborder and weak communicationbetween the North-East and therest of India have further addedto the delicate nature of politicsthere. Three issues dominate thepolitics of North-East: demandsfor autonomy, movements forsecession, and opposition to‘outsiders’. Major initiatives on thefirst issue in the 1970s set the stagefor some dramatic developmentson the second and the third in the1980s.Demands for autonomyAt independence the entire regionexcept Manipur and Tripuracomprised the State of Assam.Demands for political autonomyarose when the non-Assamesefelt that the Assam governmentwas imposing Assamese language