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www.GOALias.blogspot.comCredit: R. K. Laxman in the Times of IndiaOriginally the electionsymbol of the Congresswas a pair of bullocks.This famous cartoondepicts the changeswithin the Congressleading to a headonconfrontation inthe 22nd year afterIndependence.In this chapter…In Chapter Two we read about the emergence of the Congresssystem. This system was first challenged during the 1960s. As politicalcompetition became more intense, the Congress found it difficult toretain its dominance. It faced challenges from the opposition that wasmore powerful and less divided than before. The Congress also facedchallenges from within, as the party could no longer accommodate allkinds of differences. In this chapter we pick the story from where we leftit in Chapter Two, in order to• understand how the political transition took place after Nehru;• describe how the opposition unity and the Congress split posed achallenge to Congress dominance;• explain how a new Congress led by Indira Gandhi overcame thesechallenges; and• analyse how new policies and ideologies facilitated the restorationof the Congress system.