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www.GOALias.blogspot.com76 Politics in India since IndependenceThissounds likejoining the Sovietbloc. Can we say thatwe were non-alignedeven after signing thistreaty with the SovietUnion?response to this, the people started a struggle to liberate ‘Bangladesh’from Pakistan. Throughout 1971, India had to bear the burden ofabout 80 lakh refugees who fled East Pakistan and took shelter inthe neighbouring areas in India. India extended moral and materialsupport to the freedom struggle in Bangladesh. Pakistan accusedIndia of a conspiracy to break it up.Support for Pakistan came from the US and China. The US-Chinarapprochement that began in the late 1960s resulted in a realignmentof forces in Asia. Henry Kissinger, the adviser to the US PresidentRichard Nixon, made a secret visit to China via Pakistan in July1971. In order to counter the US-Pakistan-China axis, India signed a20-year Treaty of Peace and Friendship with the Soviet Union inAugust 1971. This treaty assured India of Soviet support if the countryfaced any attack.After months of diplomatic tension and military build-up, afull-scale war between India and Pakistan broke out in December1971. Pakistani aircrafts attacked Punjab and Rajasthan, while thearmy moved on the Jammu and Kashmir front. India retaliated withan attack involving the air force, navy and the army on both theWestern and the Eastern front. Welcomed and supported by the localpopulation, the Indian army made rapid progress in East Pakistan.Within ten days the Indian army had surrounded Dhaka from threesides and the Pakistani army of about 90,000 had to surrender. WithBangladesh as a free country, India declared a unilateral ceasefire.Later, the signing of the Shimla Agreement between Indira Gandhi andZulfikar Ali Bhutto on 3 July 1972 formalised the return of peace.A decisive victory in the war led to national jubiliation. Most peoplein India saw this as a moment of glory and a clear sign of India’sgrowing military prowess. As you would read in the next chapter,Indira Gandhi was the Prime Minister at this time. She had alreadywon the Lok Sahba elections in 1971. Her personal popularity soaredFast Forward Kargil ConfrontationIn the early part of 1999 several points on the Indian side of the LoC in the Mashkoh, Dras, Kaksarand Batalik areas were occupied by forces claiming to be Mujahideens. Suspecting involvementof the Pakistan Army, Indian forces started reacting to this occupation. This led to a confrontationbetween the two countries. This is known as the Kargil conflict. This conflict went on during Mayand June 1999. By 26 July 1999, India had recovered control of many of the lost points. The Kargilconflict drew attention worldwide for the reason that only one year prior to that, both India andPakistan had attained nuclear capability. However, this conflict remained confined only to the Kargilregion. In Pakistan, this conflict has been the source of a major controversy as it was alleged laterthat the Prime Minister of Pakistan was kept in the dark by the Army Chief. Soon after the conflict,the government of Pakistan was taken over by the Pakistan Army led by the Army Chief, GeneralParvez Musharraf.