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<strong>October</strong> 2012Vol. 26, No. 5www.<strong>Photonics</strong><strong>Society</strong>.orgSpace division multiplexing:MIMO and multimode fibercommunicationsOptical wirelesscommunication: DSPwith LED lightingAlso inside:• Highlights from SummerTopical on High PowerSemiconductor Lasers• Technology ManagementCouncil – The importance<strong>of</strong> conversation
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<strong>October</strong> 2012Vol. 26, No. 5www.<strong>Photonics</strong><strong>Society</strong>.orgSpace division multiplexing:MIMO and multimode bercommunicationsOptical wirelesscommunication: DSPwith LED lightingAlso inside:• Highlights from SummerTopical on High PowerSemiconductor Lasers• Technology ManagementCouncil – The importance<strong>of</strong> conversationCover Image:Credit for the photo to Gary SmithPhoto taken at Summer Topicals in Seattle<strong>October</strong> 2012 Volume 26, Number 5FEATURESResearch Highlights: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4– Space-Division Multiplexing for Optical Communicationsby William Shieh et al.– Digital Signal Processing for Light Emitting Diode Based Visible Light Communicationby C.W. Chow et al. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96PumpSourceλ MMF s inSignalAttenuatorLP 01LP 11aλ pLP 11bDichroicMirrorMMFEDFAModuleModeCombinerMMF outNews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14• Call for Nominations: <strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong> <strong>Society</strong> 2013 DistinguishedLecturer Awards• Call for Nominations: <strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong> Award• Nominations for <strong>IEEE</strong> AwardsLP mnCollimating LensCareers and Awards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18• <strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong> <strong>Society</strong> Awards Deadline• <strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong> <strong>Society</strong> 2012 Graduate Student Fellowship recipients• <strong>IEEE</strong> Technology Management Council11Membership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26• Benefits <strong>of</strong> <strong>IEEE</strong> Senior MembershipConferences. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27• IPS Conference Calendar• ACP preview• <strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong> <strong>Society</strong> Summer Topical Wrap up• OFC 2013 – Call for papers• International Semiconductor Laser Conference 2012• Optical Interconnects Conference 2013• IPS Conference Management• Forthcoming events with ICO participation• 2012 IPS Co-Sponsored Calendar• 2013 <strong>IEEE</strong> ITMC – Call for papers24Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39• <strong>Photonics</strong> Journal Flyer• Call for Papers:– JSTQE: Semiconductor Lasers– JSTQE: Numerical Simulation <strong>of</strong> Optoelectronic Devices– JSTQE: Graphene OptoelectronicsCOLUMNSEditor’s Column . . . . . . . . . 2 President’s Column . . . . . . . . . . 3<strong>October</strong> 2012 <strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 1
Editor’sColumnHON TSANGAn important area <strong>of</strong> applications, driving the researchthat has led to many <strong>of</strong> the advances in photonics in thelast thirty years is optical communications. The advancesin fiber optic networks have sustained the exponentialgrowth <strong>of</strong> both the internet and today’s mobile 3G and4G networks. Although many research funding agenciestoday regard optical communications as a relativelymature technology, and place higher priority on otherapplication areas which may have more impact to society,there is still room for some quite interesting researchin optical communications. In this month’s researchhighlights section we look at a couple <strong>of</strong> promising newdirections in optical communications. Spatial divisionmultiplexing is attracting interest as one <strong>of</strong> the possibleapproaches to increase transmission capacity even whenall the possible wavelengths in a dense wavelength divisionmultiplexing (DWDM) fiber link are fully used.The first paper in the Research Highlights section <strong>of</strong> thismonth describes spatial division multiplexing (SDM)may be used in few mode fibers and the use <strong>of</strong> digitalsignal processing (DSP) techniques to recover the transmittedsignals. Today wifi networks are a ubiquitouspart <strong>of</strong> our daily lives. The second paper in the ResearchHighlights section describes an interesting possible alternativeto wifi for wireless networks. The approach,based on the modulation <strong>of</strong> visible light from light emittingdiodes used for room lighting, is still in its earlyinfancy but already the application <strong>of</strong> DSP techniqueshave been shown to allow useful data bandwidths to beachieved using <strong>of</strong> direct modulation <strong>of</strong> LEDs for generallighting. In the Career’s section <strong>of</strong> the Newsletter, <strong>IEEE</strong>Life Fellow Gus Gaynor shares his experience on the importance<strong>of</strong> conversation in leadership and management.Gus Gaynor is currently also the VP <strong>of</strong> publications forthe <strong>IEEE</strong> Technology Management Council (TMC). If,like me, you were unfamiliar with <strong>IEEE</strong> TMC, you willfind some interesting information about the TMC in theURL after this article, for example <strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong> <strong>Society</strong>is one <strong>of</strong> the 14 member societies in the TMC. In theConference section, Gary Smith highlights some <strong>of</strong> thetalks from the summer topical meeting on High PowerLasers held in Seattle in July. January 2013 will mark the50th anniversary <strong>of</strong> <strong>IEEE</strong> and we will have a special sectionin the next issue <strong>of</strong> the newsletter to commemoratethis anniversary. I hope you enjoy this month’s articlesand as always, we welcome any comments and suggestionson we may improve the Newsletter!Hon Tsang<strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong> <strong>Society</strong>PresidentHideo KuwaharaFujitsu Laboratories4-1-1, Kamikodanaka, NakaharaKawasaki, 211-8588, JapanTel: +81 44 754 2068Fax: +81 44 754 2580Email: kuwahara.hideo@jp.fujitsu.comPast PresidentJames ColemanDept <strong>of</strong> E & C EngineeringUniversity <strong>of</strong> Illinois208 N. Wright StreetUrbana, IL 81801-2355Tel: +217 333 2555Email: j.coleman@ieee.orgSecretrary-TreasurerDalma NovakPharad, LLC797 Cromwell Park DriveSuite VGlen Burnie, MD 21061Tel: +410 590 3333Email: d.novak@ieee.orgExecutive DirectorRichard Linke<strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong> <strong>Society</strong>445 Hoes LanePiscataway, NJ 08854-1331Tel: +1 732 562 3891Fax: +1 732 562 8434Email: r.linke@ieee.orgBoard <strong>of</strong> GovernorsP. Andrekson A. KirkY. Arakawa F. KoyamaS. Bigo J. McInerneyJ. Capmany L. NelsonM. Glick D. NovakP. Juodawlkis P. SmowtonVice PresidentsConferences - K. ChoquetteFinance & Administration – C. JagadishMembership & RegionalActivities – J. KashPublications – B. TkachTechnical Affairs – T. KochNewsletter StaffExecutive EditorHon K. TsangDepartment <strong>of</strong> Electronic EngineeringThe Chinese University <strong>of</strong> Hong KongShatin, Hong KongTel: +852 - 39438254Fax: +852 - 26035558Email: hktsang@ee.cuhk.edu.hkAssociate Editor <strong>of</strong> Asia& PacificChristina LimDepartment <strong>of</strong> Electrical &Electronic EngineeringThe University <strong>of</strong> MelbourneVIC 3010 AustraliaTel: +61-3-8344-4486Email: chrislim@unimelb.edu.auAssociate Editor <strong>of</strong> CanadaLawrence R. ChenDepartment <strong>of</strong> Electrical &Computer EngineeringMcConnell Engineering Building,Rm 633McGill University3480 University St.Montreal, QuebecCanada H3A-2A7Tel: +514 398 1879Fax: 514 398 3127Email: lawrence.chen@mcgill.caAssociate Editor <strong>of</strong> Europe/Mid East/AfricaKevin A. WilliamsEindhoven University <strong>of</strong> TechnologyInter-University Research InstituteCOBRA on CommunicationTechnologyDepartment <strong>of</strong> ElectricalEngineeringPO Box 5135600 MB Eindhoven,The NetherlandsEmail: K.A.Williams@tue.nlStaff EditorLisa Manteria<strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong> <strong>Society</strong>445 Hoes LanePiscataway, NJ 08854Tel: 1 732 465 6662Fax: 1 732 981 1138Email: ipsnewsletter@ieee.org<strong>IEEE</strong> prohibits discrimination, harassment, and bullying. For more information, visithttp://www.ieee.org/web/aboutus/whatis/policies/p9-26.html.<strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong> <strong>Society</strong> News (USPS 014-023) is published bimonthlyby the <strong>Photonics</strong> <strong>Society</strong> <strong>of</strong> the Institute <strong>of</strong> Electrical andElectronics Engineers, Inc., Corporate Office: 3 Park Avenue, 17thFloor, New York, NY 10017-2394. Printed in the USA. One dollar permember per year is included in the <strong>Society</strong> fee for each member<strong>of</strong> the <strong>Photonics</strong> <strong>Society</strong>. Periodicals postage paid at New York,NY and at additional mailing <strong>of</strong>fices. Postmaster: Send addresschanges to <strong>Photonics</strong> <strong>Society</strong> Newsletter, <strong>IEEE</strong>, 445 Hoes Lane,Piscataway, NJ 08854.Copyright © 2012 by <strong>IEEE</strong>: Permission to copy without fee all orpart <strong>of</strong> any material without a copyright notice is granted providedthat the copies are not made or distributed for direct commercialadvantage, and the title <strong>of</strong> the publication and its dateappear on each copy. To copy material with a copyright noticerequires specific permission. Please direct all inquiries or requeststo <strong>IEEE</strong> Copyrights Office.2 <strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER <strong>October</strong> 2012
President’sColumnHIDEO KUWAHARA<strong>Photonics</strong> Technology is Wide RangingRecently I read an article in a premier Japanese newspaperfocusing on recent rapid progress in the area <strong>of</strong> optogenetics,where optical signals are used to observe and manipulate thebehavior <strong>of</strong> neurons in the brain. Recent experimental analysisusing mice was reported, and a specific memory from the pastcould be recalled in mice brains via light stimulation. Comparedwith conventional methods <strong>of</strong> stimulation using electricsignals, the new approach was observed to be better in clarifyingthe effects on each neuron. Optogenetics will be effectivefor gradually clarifying mechanisms in the brain, and it is alsoexpected to be effective for curing some diseases. <strong>Photonics</strong>technology is becoming a powerful tool in this area as well.Another article introduced the recent progress <strong>of</strong> artificialphotosynthesis using semiconductors which can fabricate organiccompounds from water, CO2 and sunlight, with comparableefficiency to plants used for biomass. This would bea significant step towards a solution that contributes to suppressingglobal warming and the exhaustion <strong>of</strong> fossil fuel energy,while also helping to realize a society that relies solely onrecycled energy.As you can see, “photonics” covers a very wide technologyarea. I also feel recently, however, that the recognition <strong>of</strong> thisword is still not very high among the general public. Thoughthey know the word “photo”, some explanation is requiredwhen we talk about “photonics”. So I want to encourage you,as IPS members, to play a role in propagating and bring greaterfamiliarity to the concept <strong>of</strong> photonics by publishing comprehensivepapers, and so on. I also think IPS should play a role involunteering to publicly advocate the value <strong>of</strong> photonics servingin our daily lives. This kind <strong>of</strong> activity will promote therecognition <strong>of</strong> photonics and entrepreneurship in this technologyarea.<strong>IEEE</strong> TAB Meeting and Several TopicsThe <strong>IEEE</strong> TAB (Technical Activities Board) meeting is heldthree times a year. I attended the 2nd TAB meeting this yearheld in Boston in June. Active discussions on various topicswere held, as usual, such as on adjustments to proposed changesto FOI (Fields <strong>of</strong> Interest) <strong>of</strong> several Societies and the approval<strong>of</strong> newly appointed <strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficers. TAB takes full advantage <strong>of</strong>IT technologies in its operations including by distributing andrapid updating <strong>of</strong> presentation materials through WiFi, andby using electronic voting system equipped with the abilityto immediately display results, in addition to <strong>of</strong>f-line communicationsamong participants through the means <strong>of</strong> SMS. Onesignificant and heavy discussion was on the topic <strong>of</strong> open access(OA), or author-pays publications. All <strong>IEEE</strong> publicationsnow have an open-access option, i.e., a hybrid <strong>of</strong> author-payscontent and traditional subscriber-based content. This timethe TAB approved the creation <strong>of</strong> a rapid-publication, openaccess megajournal spanning all <strong>IEEE</strong> fields <strong>of</strong> interest. OurIPS already has <strong>Photonics</strong> Journal, the first open access journalin the <strong>IEEE</strong>, which now will become a full OA and promoterapid publication.It was also interesting for me during the June TAB gatheringto attend a meeting <strong>of</strong> Life Sciences Council, in which ourIPS is participating. <strong>Photonics</strong> Journal is one <strong>of</strong> the journals relatedto Life Sciences Council. Bio- and medical photonics arealso becoming important area in the LSC, e.g., several groupsaround the world have recently tested prototypes <strong>of</strong> artificialvision systems based on the principle <strong>of</strong> electrical activation <strong>of</strong>the retina. I hear such technologies have progressed much recently,and are becoming powerful and important means at theintersection <strong>of</strong> life sciences and engineering technology.On the occasion <strong>of</strong> the <strong>IEEE</strong> TAB June meeting in Boston,I also had a chance to attend the <strong>IEEE</strong> Honors Ceremony,which recognized innovations and accomplishments that havechanged the world or rendered meritorious service to humanityin <strong>IEEE</strong>’s designated FOI. Relating to our photonics technology,high performance solar cell technology was recognized.<strong>IEEE</strong> Global History Network: As you probably know,<strong>IEEE</strong> was founded on January 1, 1963, through the merger <strong>of</strong>the AIEE (founded 1884) and IRE (founded 1912). So 2012is <strong>IEEE</strong>’s 50th year, and we’re celebrating it modestly, focusingprimarily on honoring those members who have been withus continuously since the beginning. Please visit the <strong>IEEE</strong>Global History Network (GHN)’s website (www.ieeeghn.org).IPS is also celebrating our loyal members <strong>of</strong> 50 years in ourIPS Newsletter and website. In our technical area <strong>of</strong> photonics,this year we are celebrating 50 years <strong>of</strong> semiconductor lasers,which were first demonstrated in 1962. This year is also the40th anniversary <strong>of</strong> the single mode semiconductor laser, and asymposium celebrating it will be held in Japan on November6th at Tokyo Institute <strong>of</strong> Technology, sponsored by <strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong><strong>Society</strong> Japan Chapter.A new joint Chapter, the <strong>IEEE</strong> Central Illinois Section Geoscience& Remote Sensing <strong>Society</strong> and <strong>Photonics</strong> <strong>Society</strong>, hasbeen formed, effective June 25, 2012. The addition <strong>of</strong> Solid-State Circuits <strong>Society</strong> to the <strong>IEEE</strong> South Africa Section ElectronDevices, <strong>Photonics</strong>, and Circuits & Systems Joint Societieshas also been approved.Pr<strong>of</strong>. Chennupati Jagadish, serving IPS VP Finance & Administration,received the 2012 ECS Electronics and <strong>Photonics</strong>Award. By the time this column is published, our flagship IPCconference in Burlingame, CA, will be held, and several IPSawards will be presented to distinguished recipients.With warm wishes,Hideo KuwaharaFellowFujitsu Laboratories Ltd.<strong>October</strong> 2012 <strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 3
Research HighlightsSpace-Division Multiplexingfor Optical CommunicationsWilliam Shieh, An Li, Abdullah Al Amin, and Xi ChenDept. <strong>of</strong> Electrical and Electronic Engineering,The University <strong>of</strong> Melbourne Parkville, VIC 3010 AustraliaI. IntroductionSingle-mode fiber (SMF) has been the de facto medium forhigh-capacity data transmission for over three decades. However,the exponential growth <strong>of</strong> internet traffic at about 2dB per annum could exhaust the available capacity <strong>of</strong> SMFin the near future [1]. Consequently, there has been an intenseresearch effort in space-division multiplexing (SDM)based on multi-core fiber (MCF) [ 2–4] or multi-mode fiber(MMF) [ 5–7] to overcome the barrier from capacity limit <strong>of</strong>SMF. Compared with the standard MMF that supports over ahundred modes making it extremely difficult to receive andprocess the optical signal, few-mode fiber (FMF) (supportinga small number <strong>of</strong> modes) has the potential to significantlyreduce the system complexity to a manageable level[8]. Namely, using FMF has the advantage <strong>of</strong> better modeselectivity and easier management <strong>of</strong> the mode impairments.By utilizing mode-division multiplexing (MDM) and multiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO) digital signal processing(DSP) techniques, it is expected that N spatial modes in aFMF can support N times the capacity <strong>of</strong> a SMF. The feasibility<strong>of</strong> using MDM and MIMO in FMF transmission hasrecently been demonstrated by several groups [5–7, 9–13].In these experiments, MDM is achieved in two-mode fiber(TMF, the simplest <strong>of</strong> FMFs) with different combinations <strong>of</strong>supported modes, e.g., LP 01 and LP 11 modes [5, 6, 9], twodegenerate LP 11 mo des (LP 11a + LP 11b ) [10], and even all threemodes (LP 01 + LP 11a + LP 11b ) [7, 11–13]. We also note thatthere has been exciting progress on SDM in MCF transmission[2–4], and free-space optical communications using orbitalangular momentum multiplexing [14]. In this report,we here focus on the SDM systems using FMF. In particular,we will elucidate the overall system architecture, criticalcomponents and sub-system modules for MDM transmission.II. SDM System ArchitectureThe architecture <strong>of</strong> N × N SDM transmission system is illustratedin Fig. 1. The signals are first generated by N transmitters.Mode multiplexing <strong>of</strong> the N signals is achieved using thespatial-mode multiplexer (S-MUX). The signals carried by differentspatial modes are then launched into the FMF. Duringthe transmission, all the modes on the same wavelengths are tobe processed as an entity as an SDM superchannel, namely, theyare amplified, dropped and added at the same time without individualmode processing. After transmission over FMF, the receivedsignals are then mode demultiplexed by a spatial-modedemultiplexer (S-DMUX). The demultiplexed signals are thendetected by N coherent receivers. The signals are then convertedfrom optical-to-electrical domain, electrically sampled withhigh speed ADCs, and finally processed using a DSP module.MIMO algorithm is used for compensating the mode couplingand/or crosstalk in the channel that may be introduced atS-MUX/DEMUX or inside the FMF. It is expected that if theMUX/DEDUX has a unitary transfer function with a rank <strong>of</strong>N equal to the number <strong>of</strong> modes supported in a SDM fiber, thechannel capacity can be increased by a factor <strong>of</strong> N times that <strong>of</strong>single mode syst em [15].Ch 1Co-RxCh 2.SpatialModeMUXSDM FiberSDMOADMSDM FiberSpatialModeDEMUXCo-Rx.N × NMIMODSPCh nDropAddCo-RxFigure 1. Architecture <strong>of</strong> an N # N SDM transmission system utilizing coherent MIMO digital signal processing. MUX/DEMUX:multiplexer/demultiplexer, Co-Rx: coherent receive r.4 <strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER <strong>October</strong> 2012
III. Subsystem and Component Des ignA. Two-Mode Fiber Design and CharacterizationThe simplest method to make a TMF is to design a step-indexpr<strong>of</strong>ile with the V number (normalized frequency) above thesingle-mode condition (V 2 2.4) and also below the triplemodecondition (V 1 3.8). The TMF we design and fabricated[5] is a customized Ge-doped step-index fiber with a core diameter<strong>of</strong> 11.9 nm, nominal refractive index step (Δn) <strong>of</strong> 5.4 #10 –3 , LP 11 mode cut<strong>of</strong>f wavelength <strong>of</strong> 2323 nm and loss <strong>of</strong>0.26 dB/km. It has a normalized frequency <strong>of</strong> V = 3.62. Fig. 2shows the simulated modal index vs. wavelength pr<strong>of</strong>ile basedon the parameters <strong>of</strong> the TMF we designed. The three imagesat the bottom <strong>of</strong> Fig. 2 are measured modal pr<strong>of</strong>iles for LP 01mode and two degenerate LP 11 modes.The DMD and loss parameter a can be further reduced in afuture optimized fabrication. A few other groups have also developedFMF with improved performances [6–7]. Very recentlya novel TMF fiber is designed with low-DMD, low-modecoupling and low-loss TMF using a graded-index core anddouble cladding structure [ 16] as shown in Fig. 3. The gradedindexcore design helps reducing the DMD, and the trenchedcladding structure facilitate low loss for LP 11 modes. The DMDbetween LP 01 and LP 11 is measured as small as 0.076 ps/m, andloss for both LP 01 and LP 11 is lower than 0.2 dB/km.B. Long-period Fiber Grating(LPFG)-based Mode ConverterThe main purpose <strong>of</strong> a mode converter (MC) is to convert opticalsignals from LP 01 to higher order mode (e.g., LP 11 mode)and vice versa. In a LPFG-based MC, mode conversion can befeasibly realized through a periodic grating structure inducedby for example, mechanical pressure on a TMF. In a TMF,where literally only two mode (LP 01 and LP 11 ) are supported,the resonant coupling happens when the grating pitch K equalsto the beating length L B = 2r/(b 01 – b 11 ), where b 01 /b 11 is thepropagation constant <strong>of</strong> the LP 01 /LP 11 modes.Fig. 4 shows the physical design <strong>of</strong> our LPFG based MC.The TMF used in MC is same as the transmission fiber (seeSec tion A) with mode beat length L B <strong>of</strong> 524 nm. The couplingefficiency is known to be depending on the coupling lengthand radius <strong>of</strong> core deformation. Due to unavailability <strong>of</strong> suchmetal gratings with high precision grooves, we use commerciallyavailable metal gratings with low accuracy groove spacing(roughly ~0.5 mm) and tune grating pitch by adjusting the fiberangle. Two MCs with nominal 50% (MC1) and 100% (MC2)conversion ratio are made in [5]. The performance <strong>of</strong> MC2 isreasonable with 17 and 22 dB modal extinction ratio (ER) forLP 11 mode for the worst and best polarizations, respectively (at1550 nm). The modal extinction ratio (ER) is defined as theratio between the power in LP 11 mode and the power in LP 01mode. The insertion loss is around 2~3 dB (LP 01 + LP 11 ). In [10]we have fabricated another 4 mode converters, all with nominal100% conversion ratio. Measurement results in [10] confirmsthat for all MCs (MC1-MC4), the ERs <strong>of</strong> LP 11 mode can bemaintained beyond 20 dB with small polarization dependenceand low insertion losses <strong>of</strong> 1.5~2.5 dB for a 13-nm wavelengthrange centered at 1551 nm. Theoretically the LPFG-basedEffective Index n eff1.4801.4701.4601.4501.440CoreLP 01 LPLP 0111CladdingLP 110 5.95 54.5Radius (μm)LP 11a LP 11b LP 01RefractiveIndex n1.430Cut-<strong>of</strong>f1.4201.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0Wavelength (μm)Figure 2. Effective modal indices for the LP 01 and LP 11 modes <strong>of</strong>the custom-designed TMF. The inset at the top right shows thestep-index pr<strong>of</strong>ile <strong>of</strong> the TMF.Refractive IndexLP 01LP 11RadiusFigure 3. Refractive index pr<strong>of</strong>ile <strong>of</strong> the OFS-designed lowDMD, low mode coupling and low loss two-mode fiber [16].MC can also achieve mode conversion between LP 11a and LP 11bmodes if the effective refraction indices <strong>of</strong> the two degenerateLP 11 modes are well separated. A possible solution is to use anelliptical-core TMF (e-TMF) as described in [17].C. Fr ee-s pace Mode MUX/DEMUXThe S-MUX/DMUX performs the critical function <strong>of</strong> modemultiplexing and de-multiplexing. Fig. 5 shows a recentlydemonstrated low-loss mode multiplexer achieved by illuminatingthe end facet <strong>of</strong> the TMF at three appropriately-placedspots from SMF [13]. Each spot generally excites multiplemodes. As long as the three spots are symmetrically placedaround the center and the amount <strong>of</strong> power coupled from aTMFLP 01LP 01LP 11LP 11PressureMetallicGratingFigure 4. Schematic diagram <strong>of</strong> a LPFG based LP 01/LP 11 modeconverter.<strong>October</strong> 2012 <strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 5
SMFPort 1M2SMFPort 0PeriscopeM4M3Side ViewM1SharpEdgeM3M2SharpEdgeSMFPort 2M1f 1f 2LensesFMF(a) Spot Generation (b) SMUX (c) Mode Pr<strong>of</strong>ile (154 km)Figure 5. (a) Spot generation using mirrors with sharp edges. (b) Experimental setup <strong>of</strong> the low-loss mode coupler. (c) Mode pr<strong>of</strong>ileat the end facet <strong>of</strong> 154-km hybrid FMF [13].AddInθ = 5°CollimatorThin-Film Filter 1TiltStageThin-Film Filter 2DropCollimatorThroughFigure 6. Schematic diagram <strong>of</strong> a two-mode OADM.single spot into LP 01 and the alternative LP 11a + LP 11b is exactlythe same, the coupling matrix between the three spots and theFMF modes is unitary, which guarantees no capacity loss afterMIMO digital signal processing. In practice, insertion losses<strong>of</strong> 3.95, 3.85, and 3.7 dB for the 3 ports <strong>of</strong> the S-MUX arereported [13]. Such a mode multiplexer can be scaled up tosupport more modes by using larger number <strong>of</strong> appropriatelyplacedspots, but coupling from each spot to each mode needsto be meticulously engineered to guarantee that the couplingmatrix is still unitary and has low mode dependent loss (MDL).D. Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer DesignIn future long-haul FMF transmission systems, similar to thetrends in single mode fiber (SMF)-based optical networks,the capacity scaling will be achieved by wavelength divisionmultiplexing (WDM). In such systems, reconfigurable opticaladd-drop multiplexers (ROADM) that support all propagationmodes will be a key element for realizing flexible networking.As a first step towards such ROADMs, we have recentlyproposed a few-mode compatible optical add/drop multiplexer(OADM) and demonstrated add/drop functionality with MDMtransmission [19]. The architecture <strong>of</strong> the FMF compatibleOADM can be similar to their SMF counterparts, consideringλ sSignalMMF inDichroicMirrorMMFEDFAModuleMMF outAttenuatorLP 01LP 11aPumpSourceλ pLP 11bModeCombinerLP mnCollimating LensFigure 7. Schematic diagram <strong>of</strong> a MM-EDFA [22].6 <strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER <strong>October</strong> 2012
the fact that mode dependence <strong>of</strong> beam divergence angle in aFMF to be small, which ensures a practical implementation<strong>of</strong> OADM using free-space components. Such OADMs canbe miniaturized and the number <strong>of</strong> input/output ports canbe scaled up by using well-established technologies such asMEMS and LCOS [18]. In our recent work [19], we designand build a two-mode compatible free-space OADM using collimatorsand a pair <strong>of</strong> thin-film filter (TFFs).Fig. 6 shows the OADM architecture. The TFFs act as aband-pass filter in transmission mode and as a notch-filter inthe reflection mode. We use double reflection in order to sufficientlysuppress the drop channel in output, which would otherwiseserve as in-band crosstalk for the add channel. We tilt theTFFs by 5° in order to achieve lateral separation <strong>of</strong> the in/addand drop/through ports in the double reflection configuration.The 5° tilt launch also prevents any parasitic reflection fromthe drop or add ports from accumulating multiple reflections.E. Few-Mode Amplifier DesignFew-mode amplifier is another critical component whenthe accumulated power loss is significant, e.g., in long-haulmulti-span FMF transmission. Currently there are two reportedmethods to achieve few-mode amplification, multimodeerbium-doped fiber amplifier (MM-EDFA) and multi-modeRaman amplifier [20–24] . The setup <strong>of</strong> a possible inline MM-EDFA is depicted in Fig. 7In order to generate the desired pump intensity pr<strong>of</strong>ile, thepump source is first split into N paths, and are converted to anumber <strong>of</strong> high-order modes using LPFG-based MCs proposedin section III.B or phase plate based MCs proposed in [6] or [7].The variable attenuators on each path control the power distribution<strong>of</strong> pump on modes, and minimize the mode-dependantgain (MDG) <strong>of</strong> the MM-EDFA. The pump modes are then collimated,spatially combined with the signal using free-space modecombiner similar to the one we proposed in section C with an additionaldichroic mirror, which are then focused into a FMF andinjected into the erbium-doped MMF. Following this concept,recently a reconfigurable multimode pump has been proposed toexcite a MM-EDFA so that by varying the mode content <strong>of</strong> thepump the MDG can be controlled [22]. The main idea <strong>of</strong> thisreconfigurable multimode pump configuration is by adjustingrelative amount <strong>of</strong> LP 01,p and LP 21,p , the gains <strong>of</strong> the LP 01,s andLP 11,s signal modes can be equalized, where subscripts ‘s’ and ‘p’denote for s- and p- polarization states.IV. Com parison <strong>of</strong> SDM TechniquesA comparison <strong>of</strong> SDM techniques is summarized in Table 1based on devices and techniques currently available. We cansee that, despite <strong>of</strong> its disadvantages like high complexity dueto the MIMO algorithm, SDM technique based on FMF hasmany advantages such as reduced number <strong>of</strong> devices (amplifier,ROADM), and most importantly, the N times channel capacitythat can enable future Terabit and beyond optical networks.V. ConclusionWe have highlighted the overall system architecture, criticalcomponents, and sub-system modules for realizing SDMtransmission over novel FMF. SMF has been entrenched inParameterFiber LossEffective CoreAreaIntra-ModeNonlinearityInter-ModeNonlinearityMode Coupling/CrosstalkBundledFiber (BF)StandardStandardStandardNoNoMulti-corefiber (MCF)Can be aslow as SMFSmall orstandardStandard orhighLowMediumNo. <strong>of</strong> Amplifiers N N 1No. <strong>of</strong> ROADMs N N 1Fusion SplicingDSP ComplexityEasy, low lossLowSpecialsplicer,possibly highlossLow tomediumCost N # SMF Can be lowApplicationInterconnect,Long reachInterconnect,Long reachTable 1. Comparison <strong>of</strong> different SDM approachesMulti-modefiber (MMF)Can be aslow as SMFLargeLowLow tomediumLow to high,can beoptimizedEasy, lowlossMedium tohigh, MIMOneededAs low as1 # SMFLong reachthe high-capacity optical networks in the last three decades.In the search for higher information capacity, the researchcommunity is making great progress in the exploration <strong>of</strong>emerging fiber technologies based on both MCF and MMF.Many challenges from component to system level are to beovercome before these novel fibers can be eventually deployedin the field. Ultimately whether MCF or MMF can replaceconventional SMF will be determined by whether they cansignificantly bring down the overall cost <strong>of</strong> future highcapacityoptical networks.References1. R. W. Tkach, “Scaling Optical Communications for theNext Decade and Beyond,” Bell Labs Technical Journal,vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 3–9, 2010.2. T. Hayashi, T. Taru, O. Shimakawa, T. Sasaki, and E.Sasaoka, “Ultra-Low-Crosstalk Multi-Core Fiber Feasibleto Ultra-Long-Haul Transmission,” in Optical Fiber CommunicationConference, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optical<strong>Society</strong> <strong>of</strong> America, 2011), paper PDPC2, (2011).3. J. Sakaguchi, Y. Awaji, N. Wada, A. Kanno, T. Kawanishi,T. Hayashi, T. Taru, T. Kobayashi, and M. Watanabe,“109-Tb/s (7#97#172-Gb/s SDM/WDM/PDM) QPSKtransmission through 16.8-km homogeneous multi-corefiber,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, OSA TechnicalDigest (CD) (Optical <strong>Society</strong> <strong>of</strong> America, 2011), paperPDPB6.4. J. Sakaguchi, B.J. Puttnam, W. Klaus, Y. Awaji, N.Wada, A. Kanno, T. Kawanishi, K. Imamura, H. Inaba,K. Mukasa, R. Sugizaki, T. Kobayashi, M. Watanabe,“19-core fiber transmission <strong>of</strong> 19#100#172-Gb/s<strong>October</strong> 2012 <strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 7
SDM-WDM-PDM-QPSK signals at 305Tb/s,” in OpticalFiber Communication Conference, OSA Technical Digest(CD) (Optical <strong>Society</strong> <strong>of</strong> America, 2012), paperPDP5C.2, (2012).5. A. Li, A. Al Amin, X. Chen, and W. Shieh, “Reception <strong>of</strong>Mode and Polarization Multiplexed 107-Gb/s CO-OFDMSignal over a Two-Mode Fiber,” in Optical Fiber CommunicationConference, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optical<strong>Society</strong> <strong>of</strong> America, 2012), paper PDPB8.6. M. Salsi, C. Koebele, D. Sperti, P. Tran, P. Brindel, H.Mardoyan, S. Bigo, A. Boutin, F. Verluise, P. Sillard,M. Bigot-Astruc, L. Provost, F. Cerou, and G. Charlet,“Transmission at 2#100Gb/s, over Two Modes <strong>of</strong> 40kmlongPrototype Few-Mode Fiber, using LCOS based ModeMultiplexer and Demultiplexer,” in Optical Fiber CommunicationConference, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optical<strong>Society</strong> <strong>of</strong> America, 2011), paper PDPB9.7. R. Ryf, S. Randel, A. H. Gnauck, C. Bolle, R. Essiambre,P. Winzer, D. W. Peckham, A. McCurdy, and R. Lingle,“Space-division multiplexing over 10 km <strong>of</strong> three-modefiber using coherent 6 × 6 MIMO processing,” in OpticalFiber Communication Conference, OSA Technical Digest(CD) (Optical <strong>Society</strong> <strong>of</strong> America, 2011), paper PDPB10.8. W. Shieh, “High spectral efficiency coherent optical OFDMfor 1 Tb/s Ethernet transport,” Optical Fibre CommunicationConference National Fibre Optic Engineers ConferenceOFC-NFOEC’2009, paper OWW1, San Diego, USA, 2009.9. N. Hanzawa, K. Saitoh, T. Sakamoto, T. Matsui, S. Tomita,and M. Koshiba, “Demonstration <strong>of</strong> mode-divisionmultiplexing transmission over 10 km two-mode fiberwith mode coupler,” in Optical Fiber CommunicationConference, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optical <strong>Society</strong><strong>of</strong> America, 2011), paper OWA4.10. A. Al Amin, A. Li, S. Chen, X. Chen, G. Gao, and W.Shieh, “Dual-LP11 mode 4#4 MIMO-OFDM transmissionover a two-mode fiber,” Opt. Express 19, 16672-16679 (2011).11. N.K. Fontaine, C. R. Doerr, M.A. Mestre, R. Ryf,P. Winzer, L. Buhl, Y. Sun, X. Jiang, and R. Lingle,“Space-division multiplexing and all-optical MIMOdemultiplexing using a photonic integrated circuit,”in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, OSA TechnicalDigest (CD) (Optical <strong>Society</strong> <strong>of</strong> America, 2012), paperPDP5B.1.12. S. Randel, R. Ryf, A. Gnauck, M.A. Mestre, C. Schmidt,R. Essiambre, P. Winzer, R. Delbue, P. Pupalaikis, A.Sureka, Y. Sun, X. Jiang, and R. Lingle, “Mode-multiplexed6#20-GBd QPSK Transmission over 1200-kmDGD-Compensated Few-Mode Fiber,” in Optical FiberCommunication Conference, OSA Technical Digest (CD)(Optical <strong>Society</strong> <strong>of</strong> America, 2012), paper PDP5C.5.13. R. Ryf, M.A. Mestre, A. Gnauck, S. Randel, C. Schmidt,R. Essiambre, P. Winzer, R. Delbue, P. Pupalaikis, A.Sureka, Y. Sun, X. Liang, D. Peckham, A.H. McCurdy,and R. Lingle, “Low-Loss Mode Coupler for Mode-Multiplexedtransmission in Few-Mode Fiber,” in Optical FiberCommunication Conference, OSA Technical Digest (CD)(Optical <strong>Society</strong> <strong>of</strong> America, 2012), paper PDP5B.5.14. J. Wang, J.Y. Yang, I. M. Fazal, N. Ahmed, Y. Yan, H.Huang, Y. X. Ren, Y. Yue, S. Dolinar, M. Tur, A. E. Willner,“Terabit free-space data transmission employing orbitalangular momentum multiplexing,” Nature <strong>Photonics</strong>,vol. 6, <strong>Issue</strong>: 7, pp. 488–496, 2012.15. T. Morioka, Y. Awaji, R. Ryf, P. Winzer, D. Richardson, F.Poletti, “Enhancing optical communications with brandnew fibers,” Communications Magazine, <strong>IEEE</strong>, vol. 50, no.2,pp.s31–s42, (2012).16. L. Gruner-Nielsen, Y. Sun, J. W. Nicholson, D. Jakobsen,R. Lingle, and B. Palsdottir, “Few Mode Transmission Fiberwith low DGD, low Mode Coupling and low Loss,” in OpticalFiber Communication Conference, OSA Technical Digest(CD) (Optical <strong>Society</strong> <strong>of</strong> America, 2012), paper PDP5A.1.17. A. Li, A. A. Amin and W. Shieh, “Design <strong>of</strong> a broadbandLP 11 spatial mode combiner”, Proc. SPIE 8309, 83091B,(2011).18. S. Tibuleac and M. Filer, “Transmission Impairments inDWDM Networks With Reconfigurable Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 28, 557–568,(2010).19. X. Chen, A. Li, J. Ye, A. Al Amin, and W. Shieh, “Reception<strong>of</strong> Dual-LP11-Mode CO-OFDM Signals through FewmodeCompatible Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer,” in OpticalFiber Communication Conference, OSA Technical Digest(CD) (Optical <strong>Society</strong> <strong>of</strong> America, 2012), paper PDP5B.4.20. Y. Yung, S. Alam, Z. Li, A. Dhar, D. Giles, I. Giles, J.Sahu, L. Grüner-Nielsen, F. Poletti, and D. Richardson,“First demonstration <strong>of</strong> multimode amplifier for spatialdivision multiplexed transmission systems,” in 37th EuropeanConference and Exposition on Optical Communications,OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optical <strong>Society</strong> <strong>of</strong> America,2011), paper Th.13.K.4.21. E. Ip, N. Bai, Y. Huang, E. Mateo, F. Yaman, S. Bickham,H. Tam, C. Lu, M. Li, S. Ten, A. P. T. Lau, V. Tse, G.Peng, C. Montero, X. Prieto, and G. Li, “88#3#112-Gb/s WDM Transmission over 50-km <strong>of</strong> Three-Mode Fiberwith Inline Multimode Fiber Amplifier,” in 37th EuropeanConference and Exposition on Optical Communications,OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optical <strong>Society</strong> <strong>of</strong> America,2011), paper Th.13.C.2.22. N. Bai, E. Ip, T. Wang, and G. Li, “Multimode fiber amplifierwith tunable modal gain using a reconfigurable multimodepump,” Opt. Express 19, 16601-16611, (2011).23. N. Bai, E. Ip, Y.-K. Huang, E. Mateo, F. Yaman, M.-J. Li, S.Bickham, S. Ten, J. Liñares, C. Montero, V.Moreno, X. Prieto, V. Tse, K. M. Chung, A. P. T. Lau,H.-Y. Tam, C. Lu, Y. Luo, G.-D. Peng, G. Li, and T.Wang, “Mode-division multiplexed transmission withinline few-mode fiber amplifier,” Opt. Express 20,2668–2680 (2012).24. R. Ryf, A. Sierra, R. Essiambre, S. Randel, A. Gnauck, C.A. Bolle, M. Esmaeelpour, P. J. Winzer, R. Delbue, P. Pupalaikis,A. Sureka, D. Peckham, A. McCurdy, and R. Lingle,“Mode-Equalized Distributed Raman Amplification in137-km Few-Mode Fiber,” in 37th European Conference andExposition on Optical Communications, OSA Technical Digest(CD) (Optical <strong>Society</strong> <strong>of</strong> America, 2011), paper Th.13.K.5.8 <strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER <strong>October</strong> 2012
Research HighlightsDigital Signal Processing for Light Emitting DiodeBased Visible Light CommunicationC. W. Chow 1 , C. H. Yeh 2 , Y. Liu 3 , and Y. F. Liu 1Abstract—The realization <strong>of</strong> enhanced efficiency light emittingdiodes (LED) and the trend to lower costs <strong>of</strong> LED lightingsystems will facilitate their wider deployment in manyapplications. LED lighting system with the value-addedfunctionality <strong>of</strong> optical wireless communication enables thedeployment <strong>of</strong> a communication system with very little extracost. Visible light communication (VLC) provides the merits<strong>of</strong> secure information exchange, harmlessness to humanbody, and excellent applicability in some radio-frequency(RF) restricted areas. In this work, we review some recentadvances in VLC. We discuss the challenges faced by the VLCand some possible solutions. We discuss and show that usingdigital signal processing (DSP) can significantly enhance theVLC performance.I. IntroductionThe combination <strong>of</strong> power efficiency improvements and costreduction in light emitting diodes (LEDs) has expanded thedeployment <strong>of</strong> LED to a variety <strong>of</strong> applications, such as trafficlight, automobile lights, display backlights and as well bothin-door and out-door general lighting. LED has the advantages<strong>of</strong> high power efficiency, rigid, compact size, long lifetime,and easy integration in different products. In the near future,LED will gradually replace traditional incandescent and fluorescentlamps for general lighting applications. When comparedwith the traditional incandescent light, LED consumesless than half the energy at the same lumens output. Recently,the power efficiency <strong>of</strong> LED has surpassed that <strong>of</strong> fluorescentlamps, making it one <strong>of</strong> the most energy efficient lightingsources in the market. The major LED suppliers (Cree, Nichia,Osram, Lumileds, etc…) are competing to improve their LEDoutput performances. For example, Cree reported achieving apower efficacy <strong>of</strong> 254 lm/W under standard room temperaturetesting at 350 mA in April 2012 [1]. Besides, LED is generallyregarded as an eco-light source. It can reduce the emission<strong>of</strong> global warming gases since less electricity is consumed. Itis estimated an installation <strong>of</strong> more than 20,000 street lightsin Chongqing, China, can produce annual cost savings inmaintenance and electricity <strong>of</strong> more than USD 3 million and17.6 million kWh [2].LED has unique characteristics which make possible newapplications not possible with other kinds <strong>of</strong> light sources. TheLED can be modulated at higher speeds (~MHz) than the traditionallighting sources, such as fluorescent lamps. Hence, itis possible to use the LED lighting for visible light communication(VLC) for in-building optical wireless networks. VLCtransmission power comes effectively free as it is already usedfor illumination. The development <strong>of</strong> LED-based VLC solutionis thus very attractive.VLC can provide many transmission advantages. Beingan optical wireless technology, VLC can provide a cable freeenvironment. Fig. 1 shows the wireless smart home, wherethe triple-play services (TV, phone, Internet) can be providedusing VLC. It can be a secure link between mobile devices,since the light beam is visible, users can securely limit the coverage<strong>of</strong> data broadcast by controlling the area <strong>of</strong> illumination,unlike WiFi signals which may leak out to adjacent rooms orbuildings. In addition as the optical power does not penetratethrough walls, there is no interference with users in otherrooms. VLC is the only solution for wireless network in someareas where radio frequency (RF) communication is prohibited.It can be used in hospital or in an aircraft for example withoutproducing electromagnetic interference.The paper is organized as follow. In Section II, we will brieflymention some recent developments in VLC from around theworld. In Section III, we will discuss the challenges faced bythe VLC. Then in Section IV, we will discuss our recent workon the use <strong>of</strong> digital signal processing (DSP) to enhance VLCperformance. Finally, a conclusion will be provided in Section V.II. Worldwide VLC ActivitiesSince more and more LEDs are deployed to perform the primaryfunction <strong>of</strong> lighting, the value-added communication functioncan be realized at very little extra cost. Recently, VLC is arapidly growing research topic. The Japan-based Visible LightCommunication Consortium (VLCC) [3] was formed in 2002 toVLC to PhoneVLC to TVVLC to PC(Internet)1Department <strong>of</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong> and Institute <strong>of</strong> Electro-Optical Engineering,National Chiao Tung University, (Taiwan)2Information and Communications Research Laboratories, IndustrialTechnology Research Institute (ITRI), (Taiwan)3Hong Kong Productivity Council (HKPC), (Hong Kong)Figure 1. VLC can provide a cable free environment.<strong>October</strong> 2012 <strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 9
publicize VLC. In the United States, the Center for UbiquitousCommunication by Light (UC-Light) funded by the University<strong>of</strong> California (UC) system has been established [4]. It is to enablewireless communications by embedding signals into thelight emitted by next-generation LED in systems for illumination,traffic control, advertising, and other purposes. Besides,the Smart Lighting Engineering Research Center [5] has beenestablished to develop new technologies <strong>of</strong> optical wirelessaccess to the internet with energy savings. In Europe, the OME-GA Project [6] funded by the European Commission under theSeventh Research Framework Programme (FP7) has been startedin 2008. Its aim is to develop a home area network capable <strong>of</strong>delivering high-bandwidth services and content at a transmissionspeed <strong>of</strong> one Gigabit per second. It consists <strong>of</strong> 20 Europeanpartners from industry and academia. An <strong>IEEE</strong> standard (<strong>IEEE</strong>802.15.7—Short-Range Wireless Optical Communication UsingVisible Light) has been finalized in 2011 [7], enhancing theprospects for commercializing the VLC technology. It coversboth the physical layer (PHY) air interface and the mediumaccesscontrol (MAC). The MAC layer supports three multipleaccess topologies; peer-to-peer, star configuration and broadcastmode, while the PHY layer is divided into three types: PHY I(designed for outdoor, data rates: 11.67–266.6 kb/s), PHY II(designed for indoor, data rates: 1.25–96 Mb/s) and PHY III(designed for applications where RGB source and receiver (Rx)are used, data rates: 12–96 Mb/s).Amplitude Response (dB)10–1–2–3–4–5–6–7–8–9–10–11–12–13–1410 3 10 4 10 5Frequency (Hz)10 61.281MHzMHzFigure 2. Measured frequency response <strong>of</strong> a commercially availablephosphor-based LED.V iR(a)CV oV iR 1C R 2Figure 3. Circuit models, (a) the VLC channel modeled as a lowpasscircuit and (b) the proposed equalizer modeled as a firstorderhigh-pass circuit.(b)V oIII. Challenges <strong>of</strong> VLCA. Data RateThere are two major types <strong>of</strong> device structures for white LEDfor use in general lighting. The first type consists <strong>of</strong> a blueLED chip with a phosphor layer coated on top <strong>of</strong> it. Whenelectric current is applied to the LED chip, blue light is emittedand part <strong>of</strong> it is absorbed by the phosphor to generate secondcolor—yellow light. The combination <strong>of</strong> blue and yellowlights results in white light. The other type <strong>of</strong> LED is fabricatedby mixing light from the three primary colored chips(RGB). Three chips emit each color simultaneously and at theoutput white light is produced. The phosphor white LED hasthe advantage <strong>of</strong> low cost. However, the nature <strong>of</strong> phosphorlight conversion makes it unsuitable for high speed directmodulation because the response time <strong>of</strong> phosphor is muchlower than the LED chip, and the direct modulation speed isusually limited to a few MHz. This disadvantage has motivatedsome research to improve the direct modulation speed <strong>of</strong>the white LED.One <strong>of</strong> the approaches to improve the direct modulationspeed is to use a blue optical filter at the Rx to remove theslow response yellow light. However, this introduces a powerpenalty as energy in the visible optical spectrum except the blueare blocked and hence limits the VLC transmission distances.Pre-equalization and/or post-equalization <strong>of</strong> the LED canbe used. 40 Mb/s and 80 Mb/s pre-equalized on-<strong>of</strong>f-keying(OOK) transmissions without and with using optical bluefilter; and 100 Mb/s post-equalized OOK have been reportedin ref. [8], [9] and [10] respectively. By optimizing theelectronic circuitry, a VLC link at 125 Mb/s at bit-error rate(BER) below 2 × 10 -3 can be achieved [11]. Instead <strong>of</strong> usingPIN Rx, avalanched photodiode (APD) can enhance the datarate to 230 Mb/s [12].Another approach to increase the modulation data rate is toemploy advanced modulation formats. Orthogonal frequencydivision multiplexing (OFDM) (a form <strong>of</strong> discrete multi-tone(DMT)) can be used to improve the spectral efficiency [13].By implementing the bit and power loading techniques <strong>of</strong> thesubcarriers <strong>of</strong> the OFDM signal, 231 Mb/s (using PIN Rx)and 513 Mb/s (using APD) can be achieved in ref. [14] and[15] respectively. 803 Mb/s data rate VLC transmission hasbeen demonstrated using RGB LEDs, which enable the use <strong>of</strong>wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) to carry differentdata in different color LEDs [16]. Besides using WDM,parallel data transmission in multiple LEDs using multi-inputmulti-output (MIMO) techniques can also increase the datarate <strong>of</strong> the VLC link [17].B. Duplex TransmissionVLC is a broadcast communication, and providing an upstreamcommunication channel is challenging. Several approacheshave been considered, such as using the infra-red (IR) or flashlightLED in the portable device for the upstream communication.A retro-reflector can be used to modulate the incidentlight generating the upstream signal [18]. The use <strong>of</strong> radi<strong>of</strong>requency(RF) to provide an upstream channel has also beenconsidered. At present there is no concrete conclusion as to10 <strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER <strong>October</strong> 2012
which solution is the best, and further work is required to developpotential techniques and compare alternatives.C. Dimming ControlAnother challenge in VLC is how to communicate when thelights are “<strong>of</strong>f”. If the lights are usually “on”, VLC transmissionpower comes free as it is already used for the illumination.However during daytime, people tend to switch <strong>of</strong>f the roomlights. In order to maintain the communication link, the LEDshould be “on”. In this case, similar to RF wireless communications,the power consumed for the data transmission is not free.One technique that may be used is to reduce the LED brightnessto a level low enough so that people will accept that thelight is “<strong>of</strong>f” [19].IV. Digital Signal Processing for the VLCWhite-light VLC system using phosphor-based LED is costeffectivewhen compared with the RGB white-light LED; howeverthe slow response <strong>of</strong> the phosphor limits the direct modulationspeed. Fig. 2 shows frequency response <strong>of</strong> a commerciallyavailable phosphor-based LED for lighting (Cree, XLamp XR-ELED), showing a 3-dB bandwidth is 1.28 MHz. Hence thetransmission data rate will be limited to about 1 Mb/s if theequalization scheme or advanced modulation is not used.First <strong>of</strong> all, we discuss using a simple digital post-equalizationfinite impulse response (FIR) equalizer to enhance the directmodulation bandwidth. No optical blue filter is used. The experimentalresult shows about 10 times enhancement <strong>of</strong> the directmodulation speed <strong>of</strong> white-light LED VLC system. Whencompared with the previous demonstration using high-passequalization circuit constructed by lumped capacitor and resistor[20], this scheme shows an improvement in signal qualityand transmission distance, and a 10 Mb/s error-free (BER 1 10 -9 )transmission over a distance <strong>of</strong> 1 m was demonstrated.A simulation using the simple FIR equalizer to correct theVLC channel effect was performed. The electrical-to-opticalto-electrical(E-O-E) channel <strong>of</strong> the VLC system can be modeledas a first-order RC low-pass circuit as shown in Fig. 3(a).The corresponding impulse response (time domain) <strong>of</strong> an analoguelow-pass RC system can be written as:H () t (t1 = exp - )(1)RCThen the designed equalizer can be modeled as a first-orderhigh-pass circuit to compensate the channel response as shownin Fig. 3(b). The transfer function (in frequency domain) <strong>of</strong> thisequalizer can be written as follow:H ( )R22 ~ =(2)R1R2j~CR1+ 1+In Eq. (1), the 1/RC is set to 1.28 MHz, which is the measured3-dB bandwidth <strong>of</strong> the system (as shown in Fig. 2). Eq. (2)was used to model the equalizer, and suitable parameters areselected to compensate the EOE response <strong>of</strong> the VLC system.Experiments on VLC have been performed as shown inFig. 4(a), with a photograph <strong>of</strong> the experimental setup asshown in Fig. 4(b). A 10 Mb/s, pseudorandom binary sequence(PRBS) 2 10 -1 data was applied to a single phosphor-based LED(Cree, XLamp XR-E LED via an arbitrary waveform generator(AWG). The bandwidth and the resolution <strong>of</strong> the AWGwere 20 MHz and 14-bits respectively. The sampling rate is50 MSa/s. The LED was DC-biased at 2V with peak-to-peaksignal modulation voltage from 0.1 to 0.5 V. A lens was usedto enhance directivity, and the free-space transmission distanceis 1 m. The visible signal is detected by a silicon-based PINRx, amplified, and finally captured by a real-time oscilloscope(RTO). The PIN Rx has the detection wavelength range <strong>of</strong>350−1100 nm with responsivity <strong>of</strong> 0.65 A/W and active area <strong>of</strong>13 mm 2 . It had a bandwidth <strong>of</strong> 17 MHz and the root meansquare (rms) noise <strong>of</strong> 530 nV. The bandwidth <strong>of</strong> the RTO is100 MHz, with vertical resolution <strong>of</strong> 9-bit and sample rate <strong>of</strong>1.25 GSa/s. The data is analyzed using 1700 bits.ArbitraryWaveformGeneratorRTOTx (LED)LEDLensAWG(a)(b)PIN RxModuleReal TimeOscilloscopeComputerPIN RxFigure 4. (a) VLC experimental setup and (b) photograph <strong>of</strong> theexperiment.Log (BER)–3–4–5(a)–6–7(b)–8–9–100 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7Tx Peak-to-Peak Voltage (V)Figure 5. BER measured <strong>of</strong> the VLC system using the FIR equalizer.Insets: eye-diagram (a) without the digital FIR equalizerand (b) with the digital FIR equalizer.<strong>October</strong> 2012 <strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 11
Coefficients <strong>of</strong>Initial Setting3.5BinarySequence4-ASKMappingUp-SamplingAdaptively-Controlled FIR Equalizer–2.51111Estimation <strong>of</strong>Zero ForcingEqualizerTx01000100Error AnalysisVLCChannel1010SRRC FilterRxFigure 6. The DPS flow diagram for the 4-ASK modulation.Log (BER)–3–4–5(a)–6–7–8–9–10(b)–11–120 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2Tx Peak-to-Peak Voltage (V)Figure 7. BER measured <strong>of</strong> the 4-ASK VLC system. Insets: eyediagram(a) without and (b) with using the proposed scheme.BER measurements were performed by using the measuredQ factors <strong>of</strong> the different eye-diagrams obtained at differentAC peak-to-peak signal voltages. For example the measuredeye at 10 Mb/s is shown in Fig. 5. Inset <strong>of</strong> Fig. 5(a) showsthe measured eye-diagram without using the proposed FIRequalizer. The eye is completely closed due to the inter-symbolinterference (ISI) generated by the limited modulation bandwidth<strong>of</strong> the LED. The BER cannot be analyzed in this case.Inset <strong>of</strong> Fig. 5(b) shows the FIR equalized eye-diagram, witha significantly improved eye opening. When the peak-to-peakdriving voltage is F0.5 V, an error-free BER 1 10 –9 can beachieved. When compared with our previous demonstrationusing high-pass equalization circuit constructed by lumpedcapacitor and resistor [20], the proposed DSP scheme showsan improvement in transmission distance (from 10 cm to1 m) and in signal quality (at BER <strong>of</strong> 10 –9 , peak-to-peak drivingvoltage is reduced from 1 V to 0.5 V), since the digitalFIR equalizer allows a more precise and flexible control <strong>of</strong> theequalizer parameters.Then, we further enhance the VLC data rate by usingquaternary-amplitude-shift-keying (4-ASK) modulation and)digital filtering [21]. A 20 times enhancement <strong>of</strong> the directmodulation speed <strong>of</strong> white-light LED VLC system is demonstratedby using digital filter only and without using opticalblue filter. A digital filter and square root raised cosine (SRRC)filter are used for signal equalization. Error-free transmissionover a distance <strong>of</strong> 1 m was demonstrated.Fig. 6 shows the signal flow <strong>of</strong> 4-ASK modulation generationusing DSP. First, the binary sequence is mapped to 4-ASKsymbol which contains 4 different amplitude levels to represent2 bit/symbol. The up-sampling increases the sampling rate byinserting zeros between the original sample points. The digitalFIR equalizer creates a frequency domain compensation for thesystem channel response. The Tx, VLC channel and the Rx arethe same as discussed in previous experiment. A SRRC filter(roll <strong>of</strong> factor 0.25) is used after Rx. The adaptation process<strong>of</strong> adaptively-controlled FIR equalizer is to transmit a knownseries <strong>of</strong> training symbols, and the received pattern is analyzed.The result is used for adjusting the FIR equalizer coefficientsin the next transmission. The estimation is based on FFT (FastFourier transform) to estimate the zero forcing equalizer (ZFE)which is the updated FIR coefficients to invert the channelresponse. The FIR filter has 13-taps denoted as h[t], withthe initial setting <strong>of</strong> h[0] = 3.5, h[1] = 3.5, h[2] = –2.5,h[3] = –2.5, and otherwise h is zero. After 10 iterations, thefilter coefficients converged to fixed numbers and the system isstabilized (condition <strong>of</strong> matched filtering). The optical 4-ASKsymbol is shaped with the filter response <strong>of</strong> FIR equalizer andthe transfer function <strong>of</strong> the physical electrical-optical-electrical(E-O-E) channel. The SRRC filter at the Rx then enhances theSNR <strong>of</strong> the received signal. The mathematical expression forSRRC filters are described in [22].BER measurements were performed by using the measuredQ factors <strong>of</strong> the eye-diagrams at different AC peak-to-peaksignal voltages, with the measured 20 Mb/s eye-diagrams asshown in Fig. 7. Inset <strong>of</strong> Fig. 7(a) shows the measured eyediagramwithout using the proposed scheme. The eye is completelyclosed since the ISI and BER cannot be analyzed inthis case. A clear and wide open 4-ASK eye-diagram can beobtained by using the proposed scheme, as shown in Fig. 7(b).12 <strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER <strong>October</strong> 2012
When the peak-to-peak driving voltage is F1 V, an error-freeBER 1 10 –9 can be achieved.V. ConclusionIn summary we highlighted some <strong>of</strong> the VLC activities fromaround the world. We also discussed the advantages and challenges<strong>of</strong> the VLC system, together with some possible solutions.Using DSP could be a good choice to enhance the VLCperformance. We proposed and demonstrated using a simpledigital post-equalization FIR equalizer to improve the bandwidthlimitation <strong>of</strong> LED VLC channel. No optical blue filterwas used. The experimental results showed a10 timesenhancement <strong>of</strong> the direct modulation speed <strong>of</strong> VLC systemusing OOK modulation format. We also proposed andexperimentally demonstrated the 4-ASK modulation withFIR digital equalizer to further enhance the direct modulationspeed <strong>of</strong> white-light LED VLC system to 20 times.AcknowledgmentsThis work was financially supported by the National ScienceCouncil, Taiwan, R.O.C., under Contract NSC-101-2628-E-009-007-MY3, NSC-100-2221-E-009-088-MY3 and ITRIindustrial-academic project. We would like to thank Pr<strong>of</strong>.Hon Tsang <strong>of</strong> the Department <strong>of</strong> Electronic Engineering, TheChinese University <strong>of</strong> Hong Kong for useful discussion.References1. M. Wright, “Cree announces new EasyWhite LED andR&D efficacy high,” LEDs Mag., April, 20122. http://www.cree.com/news-and-events/cree-news/pressreleases/2012/june/beibei-district3. Visible Light Communications Consortium, www.vlcc.net4. Center for Ubiquitous Communication by Light, http://www.uclight.ucr.edu/5. Smart Lighting ERC, www.smartlighting.rpi.edu6. OMEGA project, http://www.ict-omega.eu7. <strong>IEEE</strong> Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks—Part15.7: Short-Range Wireless Optical CommunicationUsing Visible Light, <strong>IEEE</strong> Std 802.15.7-2011, pp. 1–309, 20118. H. Le-Minh, D. O’Brien, G. Faulkner, L. Zeng, K. Lee, D.Jung, and Y. Oh, “High-speed visible light communicationsusing multiple-resonant equalization,” <strong>IEEE</strong> Photon.Technol. Lett., vol. 20, pp. 1243–1245, 20089. H. Le-Minh, D. O’Brien, G. Faulkner, L. Zeng, K. Lee,D. Jung, and Y. Oh, “80 Mbit/s visible light communicationsusing pre-equalized white LED,” in Proc. ECOC,2008, Paper P.6.0910. H. Le-Minh, D. O’Brien, G. Faulkner, L. Zeng, K. Lee, D.Jung, and Y. Oh, “100-Mb/s NRZ visible light communicationsusing a post-equalized white LED,” <strong>IEEE</strong> Photon.Technol. Lett., vol. 21, pp. 1063–1065, 200911. J. Vučić, C. Kottke, S. Nerreter, K. Habel, A. Buttner,K.-D. Langer, and J. W. Walewski, “125 Mbit/s over 5 mwireless distance by use <strong>of</strong> OOK-modulated phosphorescentwhite LEDs,” in Proc. ECOC, 2009. Paper 9.6.412. J. Vučić, C. Kottke, S. Nerreter, K. Habel, A. Buttner,K.-D. Langer, and J. W. Walewski, “230 Mbit/s via a wirelessvisible-light link based on OOK modulation <strong>of</strong> phosphorescentwhite LEDs,” in Proc. OFC, 2010, Paper OThH313. J. Grubor, K.-D. Langer, S. C. J. Lee, T. Koonen, and J. W.Walewski, “Wireless high-speed data transmission withphosphorescent white-light LEDs,” in Proc. ECOC, 2007,Paper PDS 3.614. J. Vučić, C. Kottke, S. Nerreter, A. Buttner, K.-D. Langer,and J. W. Walewski, “White light wireless transmissionat 200+ Mb/s net data rate by use <strong>of</strong> discrete-multitonemodulation,” <strong>IEEE</strong> Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 21, pp.1511–1513, 200915. J. Vučić, C. Kottke, S. Nerreter, K.-D. Langer, and J. W.Walewski, “513 Mbit/s visible light communications linkbased on DMT modulation <strong>of</strong> a white LED,” J. LightwaveTechnol., vol. 28, pp. 3512–3518, 201016. J. Vučić, C. Kottke, K. Habel, and K.-D. Langer, “803Mbit/s visible light WDM link based on DMT modulation<strong>of</strong> a single RGB LED luminary,” in Proc. OFC, 2011.Paper OWB617. L. B. Zeng, D. C. O’Brien, H. Le Minh, G. E. Faulkner,K. Lee, D. Jung, Y. Oh, and E. T. Won, “High data ratemultiple input multiple output (MJMO) optical wirelesscommunications using white LED lighting,” <strong>IEEE</strong> J. SelectedAreas in Comm., vol. 27, pp. 1654–1662, 200918. T. Komine, S. Haruyama, and M. Nakagawa, “Bidirectionalvisible-light communication using comer cube modulator,”IEIC Technical Report, vol. 102, pp. 41–46, 200319. T. Borogovac, M. B. Rahaim, M. Tuganbayeva, and T.D.C. Little, “ ‘Lights-<strong>of</strong>f’ visible light communications,”in Proc. <strong>IEEE</strong> Workshop on Optical Wireless Comm. (OWC),2010, Paper 620. Y. F. Liu, C. Y. Chang, C. W. Chow, and C. H. Yeh,“Equalization and pre-distorted schemes for increasingdata rate in in-door visible light communication system,”in Proc. OFC, 2011, Paper JWA08321. C. H. Yeh, Y. F. Liu, C. W. Chow, Y. Liu, P. Y. Huang, andH. K. Tsang, “Investigation <strong>of</strong> 4-ASK modulation withdigital filtering to increase 20 times <strong>of</strong> direct modulationspeed <strong>of</strong> white-light LED visible light communicationsystem,” Optics Express, vol. 20, pp. 16218–16223, 201222. J. G. Proakis and M. Salehi, Digital Communications,(McGraw-Hill, 2007), Chap. 9<strong>October</strong> 2012 <strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 13
NewsCall for Nominations<strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong> <strong>Society</strong> 2013 DistinguishedLecturer AwardsNominations for the Distinguished Lecturer Awardsare now being solicited for submission to the <strong>Photonics</strong><strong>Society</strong> Executive Office. The deadline for nominations is16 February.The nomination form, award information and a list <strong>of</strong>previous Distinguished Lecturers are available on the <strong>Photonics</strong><strong>Society</strong> web site:http://www.photonicssociety.org/award-infohttp://www.photonicssociety.org/award-winnersThe Distinguished Lecturer Awards are presented tohonor excellent speakers who have made technical, industrialor entrepreneurial contributions <strong>of</strong> high quality to thefield <strong>of</strong> lasers and electro-optics, and to enhance the technicalprograms <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Photonics</strong> <strong>Society</strong> chapters. Considerationis given to having a well-balanced variety <strong>of</strong> speakerswho can address a wide range <strong>of</strong> topics <strong>of</strong> current interest inthe fields covered by the <strong>Society</strong>. The term for the Lecturersis July 1 <strong>of</strong> the year <strong>of</strong> election until 30 June or the followingyear. Candidates need not be members <strong>of</strong> the <strong>IEEE</strong> orthe <strong>Photonics</strong> <strong>Society</strong>.Call for Nominations: <strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong> AwardThe <strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong> Award is presented for outstandingachievements in photonics. The recipient <strong>of</strong> the award receivesa bronze medal, certificate, and cash honorarium. The nominationdeadline is 31 January 2013.For nomination forms, visit the <strong>IEEE</strong> Awards Web Site, http://www.ieee.org/about/awards/tfas_photonics.html , or contact <strong>IEEE</strong>Awards Activities, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ, USA, 08855-1331; tel: +1 732 562 3844; email: awards@ieee.org.I E E E P H O T O N I C STechnology LettersWhy Publish in <strong>IEEE</strong> PTL? Easy-to-Use Authors’ Tools Contact us:ptlstaff@ieee.orgNew issue published every 2 weeksRapid online posting within two weeks<strong>of</strong> acceptancePlus: ®About <strong>IEEE</strong> Xplore ® : <strong>IEEE</strong> PTL welcomes original advances related to state-<strong>of</strong>the-artcapabilities in the theory, design, fabrication, application,performance, packaging and reliability <strong>of</strong>: http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/ptl-ieee14 <strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER <strong>October</strong> 2012
News (cont’d)Nominations for <strong>IEEE</strong> AwardsThe <strong>IEEE</strong> Awards Program provides peer recognition toindividuals whose contributions to the art and science <strong>of</strong>electro- and information technologies worldwide have improvedthe quality <strong>of</strong> life.<strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong> <strong>Society</strong> members may be particularlyinterested in the following 2014 Technical Field Awards,whose nomination deadlines are 31 January 2013.<strong>IEEE</strong> Cledo Brunetti Award for outstanding contributionsto nanotechnology and miniaturization in the electronicsarts.<strong>IEEE</strong> Electromagnetics Award for outstanding contributionsto electromagnetics in theory, application oreducation.<strong>IEEE</strong> Reynold B. Johnson Information Storage SystemsAward for outstanding contributions to informationstorage systems, with emphasis on computer storagesystems.<strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong> Award for outstanding achievement(s) inphotonics.<strong>IEEE</strong> David Sarn<strong>of</strong>f Award for exceptional contributionsto electronics.<strong>IEEE</strong> Eric E. Sumner Award for outstanding contributionsto communications technology.<strong>IEEE</strong> Frederik Philips Award for outstanding accomplishmentsin the management <strong>of</strong> research and developmentresulting in effective innovation in the electrical andelectronics industry.<strong>IEEE</strong> Daniel E. Noble Award for Emerging Technologiesfor outstanding contributions to emerging technologiesrecognized within recent years.The <strong>IEEE</strong> Awards Board administers <strong>IEEE</strong>-level awardson behalf <strong>of</strong> the <strong>IEEE</strong> Board <strong>of</strong> Directors. These consist<strong>of</strong> <strong>IEEE</strong> Medals, <strong>IEEE</strong> Technical Field Awards and <strong>IEEE</strong>Recognitions.Nominations are initiated by members and the public,and then reviewed by a panel <strong>of</strong> peers. Their recommendationsare submitted to the <strong>IEEE</strong> Awards Board prior t<strong>of</strong>inal approval by the <strong>IEEE</strong> Board <strong>of</strong> Directors.For nomination guidelines and forms, visit http://www.ieee.org/about/awards/information.html. Questions? Contact<strong>IEEE</strong> Awards Activities, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway,NJ 08854 USA; tel.: +1 732 562 3844; fax: +1 732 9819019; e-mail: awards@ieee.org.Complete List <strong>of</strong> <strong>IEEE</strong> TechnicalField Awards<strong>IEEE</strong> Cledo Brunetti Award for outstanding contributionsto nanotechnology and miniaturization in the electronicsarts• Award consists <strong>of</strong> a certificate and honorarium<strong>IEEE</strong> Biomedical Engineering Award for outstandingcontributions to the field <strong>of</strong> biomedical engineering• Award consists <strong>of</strong> a bronze medal, certificate, andhonorarium<strong>IEEE</strong> Component Packaging Manufacturing TechnologyAward for meritorious contributions to, the advancement<strong>of</strong> components, electronic packaging or manufacturingtechnologies.• Award consists <strong>of</strong> a bronze medal, certificate, andhonorarium<strong>IEEE</strong> Control Systems Award for outstanding contributionsto control systems engineering, science, or technology.• Award consists <strong>of</strong> a bronze medal, certificate, andhonorarium<strong>IEEE</strong> Electromagnetics Award for outstanding contributionsto electromagnetics in theory, application oreducation.• Award consists <strong>of</strong> a bronze medal, certificate, andhonorarium<strong>IEEE</strong> James L. Flanagan Speech and Audio ProcessingAward for outstanding contribution to the advancement <strong>of</strong>speech and/or audio signal processing.• Award consists <strong>of</strong> a bronze medal, certificate, andhonorarium<strong>IEEE</strong> Andrew S. Grove Award for outstanding contributionsto solid-state devices and technology.• Award consists <strong>of</strong> a bronze medal, certificate, andhonorarium<strong>IEEE</strong> Herman Halperin Electric Transmission andDistribution Award for outstanding contributions toelectric transmission and distribution.• Award consists <strong>of</strong> a certificate and honorarium<strong>October</strong> 2012 <strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 15
News (cont’d)<strong>IEEE</strong> Masaru Ibuka Consumer Electronics Award foroutstanding contributions in the field <strong>of</strong> consumer electronicstechnology.• Award consists <strong>of</strong> a bronze medal, certificate, andhonorarium<strong>IEEE</strong> Internet Award for network architecture, mobilityand/or end-use applications.• Award consists <strong>of</strong> a bronze medal, certificate, andhonorarium<strong>IEEE</strong> Reynold B. Johnson Information Storage SystemsAward for outstanding contributions to informationstorage systems, with emphasis on computer storage systems.• Award consists <strong>of</strong> a bronze medal, certificate andhonorarium<strong>IEEE</strong> Richard Harold Kaufmann Award for outstandingcontributions in industrial systems engineering.• Award consists <strong>of</strong> a bronze medal, certificate, andhonorarium<strong>IEEE</strong> Joseph F. Keithley Award in Instrumentationand Measurement for outstanding contributions in electricalmeasurements.• Award consists <strong>of</strong> a bronze medal, certificate and cashhonorarium<strong>IEEE</strong> Gustav Robert Kirchh<strong>of</strong>f Award for outstandingcontributions to the fundamentals <strong>of</strong> any aspect <strong>of</strong> electroniccircuits and systems that has a long-term significance orimpact.• Award consists <strong>of</strong> bronze medal, certificate, andhonorarium<strong>IEEE</strong> Leon K. Kirchmayer Award for Graduate Teachingfor inspirational teaching <strong>of</strong> graduate students in the<strong>IEEE</strong> fields <strong>of</strong> interest.• Award consists <strong>of</strong> a bronze medal, certificate andhonorarium<strong>IEEE</strong> Koji Kobayashi Computers and CommunicationsAward for outstanding contributions to the integration<strong>of</strong> computers and communications.• Award consists <strong>of</strong> bronze medal, certificate, and honorarium<strong>IEEE</strong> William E. Newell Power Electronics Award foroutstanding contribution(s) to the advancement <strong>of</strong> powerelectronics.• Award consists <strong>of</strong> bronze medal, certificate, andhonorarium<strong>IEEE</strong> Daniel E. Noble Award for Emerging Technologiesfor outstanding contributions to emerging technologiesrecognized within recent years.• Award consists <strong>of</strong> bronze medal, certificate, andhonorarium<strong>IEEE</strong> Donald O. Pederson Award in Solid-State Circuitsfor outstanding contributions to solid-state circuits.• Award consists <strong>of</strong> bronze medal, certificate, andhonorarium<strong>IEEE</strong> Frederik Philips Award for outstanding accomplishmentsin the management <strong>of</strong> research and developmentresulting in effective innovation in the electrical andelectronics industry.• Award consists <strong>of</strong> bronze medal, certificate, andhonorarium<strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong> Award for outstanding achievement(s) inphotonics.• Award consists <strong>of</strong> bronze medal, certificate, andhonorarium.<strong>IEEE</strong> Robotics and Automation Award for contributionsin the field <strong>of</strong> robotics and automation.• Award consists <strong>of</strong> bronze medal, certificate, andhonorarium<strong>IEEE</strong> Frank Rosenblatt Award for outstandingcontribution(s) to the advancement <strong>of</strong> the design, practice,techniques, or theory in biologically and linguisticallymotivated computational paradigms including but notlimited to neural networks, connectionist systems, evolutionarycomputation, fuzzy systems, and hybrid intelligentsystems in which these paradigms are contained.• Award consists <strong>of</strong> bronze medal, certificate, andhonorarium<strong>IEEE</strong> David Sarn<strong>of</strong>f Award for exceptional contributionsto electronics.• Award consists <strong>of</strong> bronze medal, certificate, andhonorarium<strong>IEEE</strong> Marie Sklodowska-Curie Award for outstandingcontributions to the field <strong>of</strong> nuclear and plasma sciencesand engineering.• Award consists <strong>of</strong> a bronze medal, certificate, andhonorarium16 <strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER <strong>October</strong> 2012
News (cont’d)<strong>IEEE</strong> Innovation in Societal Infrastructure Award forsignificant technological achievements and contributionsto the establishment, development, and proliferation <strong>of</strong>innovative societal infrastructure systems through the application<strong>of</strong> information technology with an emphasis ondistributed computing systems.• Award consists <strong>of</strong> bronze medal, certificate, and honorarium<strong>IEEE</strong> Charles Proteus Steinmetz Award for exceptionalcontributions to the development and/or advancement <strong>of</strong>standards in electrical and electronics engineering.• Award consists <strong>of</strong> bronze medal, certificate, andhonorarium<strong>IEEE</strong> Eric E. Sumner Award for outstanding contributionsto communications technology.• Award consists <strong>of</strong> bronze medal, certificate, andhonorarium<strong>IEEE</strong> Nikola Tesla Award for outstanding contributionsto the generation and utilization <strong>of</strong> electric power.• Award consists <strong>of</strong> a plaque and honorarium<strong>IEEE</strong> Kiyo Tomiyasu Award for outstanding early tomid-career contributions to technologies holding thepromise <strong>of</strong> innovative applications.• Award consists <strong>of</strong> bronze medal, certificate, and honorarium<strong>IEEE</strong> Transportation Technologies Award for advancesin technologies within the fields <strong>of</strong> interest to the <strong>IEEE</strong> asapplied in transportation systems.• Award consists <strong>of</strong> bronze medal, certificate, and honorarium<strong>IEEE</strong> Undergraduate Teaching Award for inspirationalteaching <strong>of</strong> undergraduate students in the fields <strong>of</strong> interest<strong>of</strong> <strong>IEEE</strong>.• Award consists <strong>of</strong> bronze medal, certificate, and honorarium<strong>October</strong> 2012 <strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 17
Careers and AwardsEffective 2012, nomination deadlines for the <strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong> <strong>Society</strong>Awards are listed as follows:AwardDistinguished Lecturer AwardsNomination deadline16 FebruaryAron Kressel AwardEngineering Achievement AwardQuantum Electronics AwardWilliam Streifer Scientific Achievement AwardDistinguished Service AwardGraduate Student FellowshipJohn Tyndall AwardYoung Investigator Award5 April5 April5 April5 April30 April30 May10 August30 September18 <strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER <strong>October</strong> 2012
Careers and Awards (cont’d)<strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY 2012Graduate Student FellowshipThe <strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong> <strong>Society</strong> established the GraduateStudent Fellowship Program to provide GraduateFellowships to outstanding <strong>Photonics</strong> <strong>Society</strong> studentmembers pursuing graduate education within the <strong>Photonics</strong><strong>Society</strong> field <strong>of</strong> interest. Applicants are normallyin their penultimate year <strong>of</strong> study and receive the awardfor their final year and must be a <strong>Photonics</strong> <strong>Society</strong> studentmember. Recipients are apportioned geographicallyin approximate proportion to the numbers <strong>of</strong> studentmembers in each <strong>of</strong> the main geographical regions(Americas, Europe/Mid-East/Africa, Asia/Pacific). Thereare 10 Fellows per year. The deadline for nominationsis 30 May.The presentation will be made during the Awards Ceremonyat the 2012 <strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong> Conference at the HyattRegency San Francisco Airport, Burlingame, California,USA on Monday 24th September, 2012.The <strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong> <strong>Society</strong> is proud to present the recipients<strong>of</strong> our 2012 Graduate Student Fellows:Tingyi Gu—Columbia UniversityJens H<strong>of</strong>richter—Eindhoven University <strong>of</strong> TechnologyDomaniç Lavery—University College LondonWilliam Loh—Massachusetts Institute <strong>of</strong> TechnologyDan Luo—Nanyang Technological UniversityHiva Shahoei—University <strong>of</strong> OttawaYan Shi—Eindhoven University <strong>of</strong> TechnologyKe Wang—University <strong>of</strong> MelbourneJin Yan—University <strong>of</strong> Central FloridaYue Zhou—University <strong>of</strong> Hong KongTingyi Gu received the B.Eng.degree in Information Technologyfrom Shanghai Jiaotong University(SJTU), Shanghai, Chinain 2008, and the M. Sc. Degreein Electrical Engineering fromColumbia University, New York,NY, in 2010.She worked at Center for HighTechnology, University <strong>of</strong> New Mexico, NM, about oneyear and half on colloidal quantum dots optical calibrationand the InAs quantum dots solar cell measurement andmodeling. She is currently pursuing her Ph.D. degree atColumbia University, in optical nanostructure laboratory.Her current research focuses on understanding the optoelectronicproperties <strong>of</strong> semiconductor in nanostructureddevices, as well as wiring them to implementation in integratedphotonic circuits.She has authored and coauthored 7 journal publicationsin stellar scientific journals including Nature <strong>Photonics</strong>,and 14 conference papers. She presented at various prestigiousacademic conferences including Conference onLasers and Electro-optics (CLEO), SPIE photonics west,Frontier in Optics (FiO), and Materials Research <strong>Society</strong>(MRS). She joined Optical <strong>Society</strong> <strong>of</strong> America (OSA) andThe International <strong>Society</strong> for Optics and <strong>Photonics</strong> (SPIE)on 2009, <strong>IEEE</strong> photonics and New York Academy <strong>of</strong> Scienceon 2010.Jens H<strong>of</strong>richter studied electricalengineering at the Dresden University<strong>of</strong> Technology, Germanyfrom 2003 to 2006. From 2005to 2006 he was research assistantat GTW- TUD GmbH, workingon high- speed SiGe bipolartransistors. In 2006 he moved toRWTH Aachen, Germany, wherehe received the Dipl.-Ing. (equivalent to MSc) degree inElectrical Engineering under the supervision <strong>of</strong> Univ.-Pr<strong>of</strong>. Dr. Heinrich Kurz in 2009. He has been with AMOGmbH Aachen from 2007 to 2009, working on x-ray detectors,low-noise JFETs and CMOS compatible synthesismethods <strong>of</strong> graphene. After completing an internship in2008 working on grating couplers, he re-joined IBM in2009, where he is currently working towards his PhDin collaboration with Pr<strong>of</strong>. H.J.S. Dorren’s group, theCOBRA Research Institute, TU Eindhoven University<strong>of</strong> Technology, the Netherlands.His current research focus is on the simulation, fabricationand measurement <strong>of</strong> III-V devices heterogeneouslyintegrated on silicon photonics, as well as on couplingschemes for silicon photonics. Jens H<strong>of</strong>richter is a member<strong>of</strong> <strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong> <strong>Society</strong> and has authored more than 10scientific publications as first author in the fields <strong>of</strong> grapheneresearch, silicon photonics and optical signal processing.In 2011 he was awarded with IBM’s First PlateauInvention Achievement Award, and in 2012 he receivedthe <strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong> <strong>Society</strong> Graduate Student Fellowship.“It is my great honor to receive the <strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong><strong>Society</strong> Graduate Student Fellowship. I’d like to emphasizethat this award is also the result <strong>of</strong> the excellentcollaboration between IBM Research—Zurich and TUEindhoven University <strong>of</strong> Technology, in particular Pr<strong>of</strong>.Dr. H.J.S. Dorren, Dr. O. Raz and the COBRA cleanroomstaff.”<strong>October</strong> 2012 <strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 19
Careers and Awards (cont’d)Domaniç Lavery was born in Surrey,England in 1987. In 2005 heundertook an MPhys degree in TheoreticalPhysics at the University <strong>of</strong>Durham, Durham, United Kingdom,which was awarded in June2009. For his master’s degree, hecompleted a project with the Institutefor Particle Physics Phenomenology,with a thesis on extra dimensions in particle theory.In late 2009 he was awarded an EPSRC (Engineeringand Physical Sciences Research Council) industrialCASE scholarship with Oclaro to undertake a Ph.D withthe Optical Networks Group at University College London,London, United Kingdom, under the supervision <strong>of</strong>Dr. Seb Savory. His research focuses on the use <strong>of</strong> digitalcoherent transceivers to increase the capacity and reach <strong>of</strong>wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) passive opticalnetworks (PON).Mr. Lavery has authored/co-authored 13 peer-reviewedjournal publications and conference papers in the field <strong>of</strong>optical communications, including a post-deadline paperat the Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OFC)2012. He is also actively involved as a reviewer for severaljournal publications.William Loh received the B.S. degreein Electrical Engineering from theUniversity <strong>of</strong> Michigan, Ann Arbor in2007, and the M.S. degree in ElectricalEngineering from the MassachusettsInstitute <strong>of</strong> Technology (MIT)in 2009. He is currently pursuing thePh.D. in Electrical Engineering as anactive member <strong>of</strong> the Integrated <strong>Photonics</strong>Initative (IPI) collaboration between the MIT LincolnLaboratory and the MIT campus. He is jointly advised by Dr.Paul Juodawlkis <strong>of</strong> the Lincoln Laboratory and Pr<strong>of</strong>. RajeevRam <strong>of</strong> the MIT Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceDepartment.His research interests include novel structures andschemes for semiconductor optical devices, microwavephotonicoscillators for synthesis <strong>of</strong> low-noise RF signals,physics <strong>of</strong> noise processes in oscillators and optoelectronicsystems, and modeling <strong>of</strong> optical phenomena in photonicsystems and devices. His project combines various aspects<strong>of</strong> theory, device fabrication, and system testing forthe demonstration <strong>of</strong> high-performance microwave photonicsystems using novel slab-coupled optical waveguide(SCOW) technology.Mr. Loh has currently published 8 journal papers (5 asfirst author), 15 conference papers, and 1 book chapter (asa coauthor). He serves as a reviewer for both the <strong>Photonics</strong>Technology Letters and the <strong>Photonics</strong> Journal. He is astudent member <strong>of</strong> <strong>IEEE</strong> and the <strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong> <strong>Society</strong>.Dan Luo was born in Hunan, China,in 1981. He received his B. S.degree in Optoelectronics Engineeringfrom T ianjin University, Chinain 2004 and Ph. D. degree in Electricaland Electronic Engineeringfrom Nanyang Technological University,Singapore in 2012.Luo’s research interests includeliquid crystal based photonic devices, holographic polymerdispersedliquid crystal, photonic crystals, and diffractiveoptical elements, etc. He has authored/coauthored 17 peerreviewedjournal articles, and 2 international conferences papers.In recognition to his research work, he has been awardedthe 2011 Otto Lehmann Award as the global sole winner(Karlsruhe Institute <strong>of</strong> Technology, Germany), the 2011Chinese Government Award for Outstanding Self-FinancedStudents Abroad, the 2012 SPIE Scholarship in Optics and<strong>Photonics</strong>.Luo is also active in academic services, he served in <strong>IEEE</strong>PS Singapore student branch as the Secretary and V icePresident respectively from 2009 to 2011, and in the 1stPostgraduate student conference in Singapore as the GeneralChair in 2010.Hiva Shahoei received the B.Sc.degree in electrical engineeringfrom Tabriz University, Tabriz,Iran, in 2005, and the M.Sc. degreein electrical engineering fromTehran Polytechnic University, Tehran,Iran, in 2008. She is currentlyworking toward the Ph.D. degree inelectrical and computer engineeringin the Microwave <strong>Photonics</strong> Research Laboratory, School <strong>of</strong>Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University<strong>of</strong> Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada, under the supervision <strong>of</strong>Pr<strong>of</strong>. Jianping Yao.Her current research area, Microwave <strong>Photonics</strong>, is aninterdisciplinary field that studies the interaction betweenmicrowaves and light waves. Her current research focuson investigating innovative techniques for generating andprocessing microwaves in the optical domain, generatingslow and fast lights based on fiber Bragg gratings for applicationssuch as optical and wireless communication, medicalimaging and modern instrumentation.Until now, she has authored 10 peer-reviewed journalpublications and eight international conference papers. Shehas received the 2009 University <strong>of</strong> Ottawa Doctoral ResearchScholarship, third place at the 2012 University <strong>of</strong>20 <strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER <strong>October</strong> 2012
Careers and Awards (cont’d)Ottawa research poster competition, and <strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong><strong>Society</strong> 2012 Graduate Student Fellowship.“It is my great honor to receive the 2012 <strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong><strong>Society</strong> Graduate Student Fellowship. I would liketo thank my thesis supervisor, Pr<strong>of</strong>. Jianping Yao, for hiscontinuous support.”Yan Shi received her B.Eng. degreein electronic information engineeringfrom Jilin University, Changchun,China, in 2006 and the M.Sc.degree in electronics science andtechnology from Zhejiang University,Hangzhou, China in 2008. Followingthat, she started her researchat ALCATEL-LUCENT Inc. (Shanghai)as a s<strong>of</strong>tware engineer in mobile access department. Herresearch was focused on the s<strong>of</strong>tware architecture design forthe 4G wireless technology- LTE.In May 2009, she started working towards the PhDdegree under the supervision <strong>of</strong> Pr<strong>of</strong>. Ton Koonen in theECO group <strong>of</strong> COBRA research institute at EindhovenUniversity <strong>of</strong> Technology (TU/e), Eindhoven, The Netherlands,where she has conducted research in the area <strong>of</strong> ultrawideband wireless and multi-format services transmissionover large core PolyMethyl MethaAcrylate (PMMA) plasticoptical fibers for high-capacity in-home networks. HerPh.D work has been performed in the European Union FP7project POF-PLUS, ALPHA, and EURO-FOS.She has authored and co-authored more than 40 publicationsin peer-reviewed journals, international conferencesand book chapters. She has also regularly served as a reviewerfor <strong>IEEE</strong> /OSA Journal <strong>of</strong> Lightwave Technology and<strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong> Technology Letters. She was awarded withthe National Scholarship (2003), Excellent Student Honor(2003-2006), and Graduate Student Scholarship (2007).She was the award winner <strong>of</strong> the Rising Star Showcase at theInternational Broadcasting Conference (IBC) in 2011 andone <strong>of</strong> the recipients <strong>of</strong> <strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong> <strong>Society</strong> GraduateStudent Fellowship in 2012.Ke Wang was born in Xuzhou (China)in 1988 and received the B.Sc.degree from Huazhong University<strong>of</strong> Science and Technology, Wuhan,China, in 2009. He joined NationalICT Australia—V ictoria ResearchLaboratory (NICTA-VRL), Department<strong>of</strong> Electrical and ElectronicEngineering, The University <strong>of</strong>Melbourne, Australia, as a Ph.D. candidate in 2010. He iscurrently working towards his Ph.D. degree under the jointsupervision <strong>of</strong> Pr<strong>of</strong>. Ampalavanapillai Nirmalathas, A/Pr<strong>of</strong>.Christina Lim, and Pr<strong>of</strong>. Efstratios Skafidas. His research ismainly on the optical wireless technologies for high-speedwireless communications in personal area networks (PANs)and reconfigurable free space card-to-card optical interconnects.He has published over 30 papers in peer-reviewedjournals and international conferences as the first author.He has also been invited to give a 3.5-hours tutorial at the2011 International Topical Meeting on Microwave <strong>Photonics</strong>(MWP).Mr. Wang is a Student Member <strong>of</strong> <strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong> <strong>Society</strong>(IPS) and Optical <strong>Society</strong> <strong>of</strong> America (OSA). He servesas a reviewer for <strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong> Technology Letters, <strong>IEEE</strong>/OSA Journal <strong>of</strong> Lightwave Technology, Optics Express,Optics Letters, Journal <strong>of</strong> Optical Communications andNetworking, and <strong>IEEE</strong> Transactions on Communications.He was the recipient <strong>of</strong> Melbourne International ResearchScholarship, Melbourne International Fee Remission Scholarship,NICTA Special Top-Up Scholarship, MelbourneAbroad Travelling Scholarship, and M. A. Bartlett ResearchScholarship. In addition, he received the Best Student PaperAward (2nd place) at the 2011 International Topical Meetingon Microwave <strong>Photonics</strong> (MWP) and the 2012 <strong>IEEE</strong><strong>Photonics</strong> <strong>Society</strong> Japan Young Scientist Award (1st place).Jin Yan received her B.S. from ZhejiangUniversity, China, and is currentlya fourth-year Ph.D. candidateat College <strong>of</strong> Optics and <strong>Photonics</strong>,University <strong>of</strong> Central Florida. Herresearch focuses on device physicsand applications <strong>of</strong> blue phaseliquid crystals. Blue phase liquidcrystals exhibit several revolutionaryfeatures, such as submillisecond response time, no need forsurface alignment layers, isotropic dark state, etc. Therefore,it holds great potential for next-generation displayand photonics applications. Currently, she has 19 journalpublications and a couple <strong>of</strong> conference papers, includingseveral invited talks. She is also the president <strong>of</strong> SID studentchapter at UCF.Yue Zhou received the B. Eng. degreein electronic engineering fromShanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai, China, in 2008. He is currentlyworking towards the Ph. D.degree under the supervision <strong>of</strong> Pr<strong>of</strong>.Kenneth K. Y. Wong in the Department<strong>of</strong> Electrical and ElectronicEngineering, the University <strong>of</strong> HongKong (HKU), Hong Kong SAR,China. He was a visiting student at the Research Laboratory<strong>of</strong> Electronics, Massachusetts Institute <strong>of</strong> Technology (MIT),<strong>October</strong> 2012 <strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 21
Careers and Awards (cont’d)Cambridge, Massachusetts, in 2011. His current researchinterests include fiber optical parametric amplifiers, fiberoptical parametric oscillators, mode-locked fiber lasers, andoptical parametric chirped-pulse amplification systems.Mr. Zhou has authored and co-authored more than30 papers in leading technical journals and internationalconferences, including seven first-author papers in peerreviewed journals. He is a Student Member <strong>of</strong> the<strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong> <strong>Society</strong> and Optical <strong>Society</strong> <strong>of</strong> America(OSA). He was the recipient <strong>of</strong> the 1st Runner Up BestPaper Award in the 10th <strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong> <strong>Society</strong> HongKong Chapter Postgraduate Conference in 2009. Heserves as reviewer for Optical Letters, Optics Express andJournal <strong>of</strong> Modern Optics.“It is my great honor to receive the <strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong> <strong>Society</strong>Graduate Student Fellowship in 2012. I would liketo take this opportunity to express my gratitude for thegenerous support from all the people I have been workingwith, especially Pr<strong>of</strong>. Kenneth K. Y. Wong, Pr<strong>of</strong>. Franz X.Kaertner and Dr. Guoqing Chang.”Leadership: The Importance <strong>of</strong> Communicationor ConversationGerard H. (Gus) Gaynor, Technology Management Council, VP Publications,<strong>IEEE</strong> Life Fellow, Director <strong>of</strong> Engineering 3M, RetiredThe competence to lead determines career success whetheryou are a manager, a technical pr<strong>of</strong>essional interested inmanagement, or one who plans to continue as a specialist.One key requirement for leadership is the ability to communicateeffectively, not only within your discipline, butalso among different disciplines and organizational functionsand at many different levels.Bob Lutz 1 , at the time the retired Vice Chairman <strong>of</strong>the Chrysler Corporation, noted that “Engineers need tobe like anybody else in business, proactive and somewhatoutgoing. And they need to reach outside specific technicalareas. Mainly, engineers need to be good communicators,because there is no point in achieving an engineeringbreakthrough, having a new idea, or coming up with a newmaterial, if you can’t get your colleagues excited about it.”Lutz warns us <strong>of</strong> the need to communicate clearly and conciselynot only within our disciplines, but also across organizations.We tend to communicate in terms <strong>of</strong> F = MAand E = IR, algorithms, simulations, and models. Manyresources are available for help in developing communicationskills. It may not be too late to learn. But, we need toexpand the meaning <strong>of</strong> the word “communicate” becausecommunication involves more than the ability to speak andwrite. David Whyte, poet, author <strong>of</strong> several books, a degreein marine zoology, a leader <strong>of</strong> anthropological and naturalhistory, brings some interesting insights to communicationas it relates to leadership and management.Whyte 2 considers the following points as barriers tocommunication: 1) Entering any situation in which you donot have the language, 2) Disregarding the impact <strong>of</strong> theconversation we’re not having, 3) Cutting <strong>of</strong>f the conversationtoo early, 4) Recognizing that the situation influences thelanguage we use. Whyte considers “will” as an elaborativemechanism. As an example; once you decide to build ahouse and where, that’s when “will” comes in—until thattime it is conversation. These barriers eloquently describethe requirements for communications to be meaningfuland <strong>of</strong> value. We reach barrier one when the communicatorfails to convey the content in its context, at the appropriatelevel, and in understandable language: the audiencewill fail not only to grasp its significance, but also loseinterest and tend to disregard it. You’ve most likely experiencedsituations where the conversation we’re not havingcaused future problems. Every important conversation includessensitive issues that are <strong>of</strong>ten disregarded. We haveall heard the expression “let’s not go there” only to find outlater that that’s where we should have gone. Doing due diligencerequires exploring the sensitive and <strong>of</strong>ten controversialissues. If we stop the conversation too early, withoutconsidering the impact on others in the chain <strong>of</strong> meetinga commitment, we interject conditions that eventuallyrequire not only physical, but also mental rework. Thoseproject knockouts, the things that unless resolved lead to failure,must be addressed now, not later. If we fail to considerthe social, operational, and economic environmentin which we operate, we exacerbate the communicationprocess. The global economy has complicated conversation.We assume that we and others understand. Communicatingin diverse cultures requires understanding, notonly how those cultures speak to each other, but also howthey speak to others. That requires some understanding <strong>of</strong>cultural origins and history.22 <strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER <strong>October</strong> 2012
Careers and Awards (cont’d)Finally, the searching for facts and knowledge, analyzingproblems and opportunities, developing various scenarios,and reaching an acceptable decision is just conversationuntil someone demonstrates the “will” to make-it-happen.However, those having the “will” to make-it-happen willincreasingly be required to move the conversation to a higherlevel: the real conversation begins after a project has beenapproved.I suggest that we elevate our view <strong>of</strong> communication andbegin removing some <strong>of</strong> the barriers. Research shows thatthe record <strong>of</strong> meeting project requirements, schedules, andcosts does not generate a great deal <strong>of</strong> confidence in futureperformance. Aaron Shenhar and Dov Dvir 3 include theirresearch and that <strong>of</strong> The Standish Group to demonstratethe situation. Their research, over a fifteen year period onmore than 600 projects in business, government, and thenot-for-pr<strong>of</strong>it sector, and in various countries, found thatabout 85 percent <strong>of</strong> projects overran scheduled time by70 percent and budget by 60 percent. The StandishGroup, in 2000, found that only 28 percent <strong>of</strong> IT projectswere successful, and estimated that <strong>of</strong> the $382 billionspent on IT projects in 2003 yielded $82 billionin total waste. I urge you to review your organization’sproject performance and begin the conversation, not withthe intent <strong>of</strong> placing blame, but understanding why. Theblame chain begins at the executive levels and flows downthrough the organization.Finally, make sure everyone understands the language<strong>of</strong> the conversation, which must be comprehensive; includesresolution <strong>of</strong> the knockouts; and continues until critical issuesand their coherent solutions are identified.References1. Peter M. Tobia. “Robert Lutz Gives Engineers theNod,” <strong>IEEE</strong>. Today’s Engineer. Vol. 2–1, pp. 6–11.2. David Whyte, Personal notes from a radio broadcast.3. Aaron Shenhar and Dov Dvir, Reinventing Project Management(Boston: Harvard. Business School Press,2007), pp. 5–7.<strong>IEEE</strong> Technology Management Council:Who are we and what do we do?The <strong>IEEE</strong> Technology Management Council (TMC) providesinformation and services to <strong>IEEE</strong> members and theworldwide audience <strong>of</strong> practitioners and researchers engagedin the pr<strong>of</strong>ession <strong>of</strong> engineering, technology, andinnovation management. TMC has 14 member societieswhich contribute material support as well as representativesto the TMC Board <strong>of</strong> Governors so that the TMC canbest provide the needs <strong>of</strong> the societies’ members. Pleasevisit the <strong>IEEE</strong> TMC website at http://www.ieeetmc.org t<strong>of</strong>ind out the TMC member societies and their representatives.You can also find out information about our flagshipconference and our publications.“Nick” Cartoon Series by Christopher Doerr<strong>October</strong> 2012 <strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 23
Careers and Awards (cont’d)24 <strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER <strong>October</strong> 2012
Membership SectionBenefits <strong>of</strong> <strong>IEEE</strong> Senior MembershipThere are many benefits to becoming an <strong>IEEE</strong> Senior Member:• The pr<strong>of</strong>essional recognition <strong>of</strong> your peers for technical and pr<strong>of</strong>essional excellence• An attractive fine wood and bronze engraved Senior Member plaque to proudly display.• Up to $25 gift certificate toward one new <strong>Society</strong> membership.• A letter <strong>of</strong> commendation to your employer on the achievement <strong>of</strong> Senior member grade (upon the request <strong>of</strong> thenewly elected Senior Member.)• Announcement <strong>of</strong> elevation in Section/<strong>Society</strong> and/or local newsletters, newspapers and notices.• Eligibility to hold executive <strong>IEEE</strong> volunteer positions.• Can serve as Reference for Senior Member applicants.• Invited to be on the panel to review Senior Member applications.The requirements to qualify for Senior Member elevation are a candidate shall be an engineer, scientist, educator, technicalexecutive or originator in <strong>IEEE</strong>-designated fields. The candidate shall have been in pr<strong>of</strong>essional practice for at least tenyears and shall have shown significant performance over a period <strong>of</strong> at least five <strong>of</strong> those years.To apply, the Senior Member application form is available in 3 formats: Online, downloadable, and electronic version.For more information or to apply for Senior Membership, please see the <strong>IEEE</strong> Senior Member Program website: http://www.ieee.org/organizations/rab/md/smprogram.htmlNew Senior MembersPeter Huggard Tien-Chang Lu Sung-Jin ParkMona Jarrahi Jose Roberto Mazariegos Sergei K TuritsynHyun Jae KimHon Yu Ng26 <strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER <strong>October</strong> 2012
Conference Section<strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETYCONFERENCE CALENDAR2012International Semiconductor Laser ConferenceenceJOIN US!7-10 <strong>October</strong> 2012, San Diego Mission Valley Marriott, San Diego, California a USAwww.islc-ieee.org2013Optical Interconnects Conferencee5-8 May 2013, Eldorado Hotel and Spa, Santa Fe, New Mexico USAwww.oi-ieee.orgSummer Topicals Meeting Series8-10 July 2013, Hilton Waikoloa Village, Waikoloa, Hawaii USAwww.sum-ieee.org10th International Conference on Group IV <strong>Photonics</strong>www.gfp-ieee.orgAvionics, Fiber-Optics & <strong>Photonics</strong> Conferenceencee1-3 <strong>October</strong> 2013 Holiday Inn on the Bay, San Diego, California USAwww.avfop-ieee.org<strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong> Conference8-12 September 2013, Hyatt Regency Bellevue, Bellevue, Washington USAwww.ipc-ieee.org2014<strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong> Conference12-16 <strong>October</strong> 2014, Hyatt Regency La Jolla, San Diego, California USAwww.ipc-ieee.orgWWW. PHOTONICSCONFERENCES.ORGSO<strong>October</strong> 2012 <strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 27
Conference Section (cont’d)ACP 2012 – Where Science andIndustry MergeYikai Su, Xiang Liu, and Sailing HeIntroduction to the conference - Asia Communicationsand <strong>Photonics</strong> Conference (ACP) is Asia’s premier conferencein the Pacific Rim for photonics technologies, includingoptical communications, biophotonics, nanophotonics,illumination and applications in energy. The event will takeplace 7–10 November, 2012, Guangzhou (Canton), China.Five technical societies—OSA, SPIE, <strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong><strong>Society</strong>, Chinese Optical <strong>Society</strong>, and Chinese Institute <strong>of</strong>Communications—have joined together to co-sponsor theACP 2012 conference.Highlights: The ACP technical conference features afull suite <strong>of</strong> plenary talks, invited talks, contributed talks,tutorials, poster presentations, and post-deadline talks, tobe given by international academic and industrial researchers.The number <strong>of</strong> submissions is over 600 for ACP 2012,representing one <strong>of</strong> the largest optical communications andphotonics conferences in the Asia-Pacific region. The plenarysession will be featuring four high-pr<strong>of</strong>ile speakers fromthe academia (including Pr<strong>of</strong>. Stefan W. Hell, who will bespeaking on “High Resolution Optical Microscopy”) andfrom the industry (including Dr. Zhengmao Li, ExecutiveVice President <strong>of</strong> China Mobile). The conference also featuresa whole-day Industrial Forum consisting <strong>of</strong> two workshops,one on Huawei’s communication technologies, andthe other on high-speed optical transmission technologies<strong>of</strong> other leading international companies. There are threeother workshops organized by pioneering researchers on“Photonic Integrated Circuits for Next Generation Computersand Networks”, “Biophotonics challenges-Researchfrontiers vs. biomedical applications in the real world andcommercialization”, and “Energy efficient optical communicationsand networking”. In addition, a mini Symposiumon Advanced <strong>Photonics</strong> Materials is scheduled.ACP provides an ideal venue to keep up with new researchdirections, the latest technical breakthroughs, andemerging new commercial applications <strong>of</strong> optoelectronicssubsystems and technologies. ACP 2012’s Website is:http://www.acp-conf.org/7–10 November, 2012, Garden Hotel, Guangzhou (Canton), China.28 <strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER <strong>October</strong> 2012
Conference Section (cont’d)High-Power Semiconductor Lasersat the <strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong> <strong>Society</strong>Summer Topical Meeting 2012One <strong>of</strong> the topics in this year’s <strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong> <strong>Society</strong> SummerTopical Meeting was High Power Semiconductor Lasers.The Meeting was held 9–11 July 2012 at the RenaissanceHotel in Seattle, Washington. Attendees were able tovisit the world-famous Space Needle, Pike Place Market,and sample the local restaurants. They enjoyed the view <strong>of</strong>Mount Rainer made possible by the beautiful weather duringthe conference—regardless <strong>of</strong> Seattle’s rainy reputation.Over 170 scientists and engineers attended, and judging bythe attendance in the sessions they were split about equallyamong the three topics <strong>of</strong> this year’s Meeting. Despite beingheld on the West Coast <strong>of</strong> the USA, the High PowerSemiconductor Laser sessions were heavily influenced byEuropeans with over half <strong>of</strong> the organizing committee andnearly half <strong>of</strong> the authors hailing from Europe.Although the Summer Topical Meeting is typicallymeant to be a place for the latest “hot topic” in <strong>Photonics</strong>,high-power semiconductor lasers have been on scientistsminds since the invention <strong>of</strong> the laser diode 50 years ago.Despite this, the high-power community was being underservedwithout a good meeting for more scientific discussionon the physics <strong>of</strong> high-power semiconductor lasersand where the topic is headed. SPIE’s <strong>Photonics</strong> West isthe most popular meeting for the high-power crowd, butthe talks there tend to be more commercial and less aboutthe physics. Several other conferences touch upon the topic(CLEO, CLEO Europe, <strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong> Conference, and theInt’l Semiconductor Laser Conference), but none have createda large draw for the high-power community. Based onthe response to this meeting and feedback from the participants,there does indeed appear to be a need for sucha venue for the scientific community, which may lead to amore regular meeting <strong>of</strong> this group.The first plenary talk was by Goetz Ebert, head <strong>of</strong> theOptoelectronics Department <strong>of</strong> the Ferdinand Braun Institute(Berlin, Germany). The Institute is one <strong>of</strong> the leadingresearch organizations in high-power semiconductor lasersin Europe. Dr. Ebert gave an excellent review <strong>of</strong> some <strong>of</strong>their most recent work on broad-area, grating-stabilized,and tapered lasers developed at the Institute. The secondplenary talk was by Erik Zucker, Senior Director <strong>of</strong> ProductDevelopment for High Power Lasers at JDSU (Milpitas,California). Dr. Zucker gave a very entertaining talk includinga bit <strong>of</strong> the history <strong>of</strong> high-power semiconductor lasers,in particular at SDL (now JDSU) which pioneered the fieldfor a couple <strong>of</strong> decades. He went on to discuss the key attributes<strong>of</strong> laser diodes: power, efficiency, etendue (brightness),reliability, and cost. He touched upon several <strong>of</strong> thekey high-power laser manufacturers products and comparedtheir brightness and discussed the trends for the future.Sculpture by Seattle artist Dale Chihuly with the world- famousSpace Needle in the background.Plenary speaker Erik Zucker <strong>of</strong> JDSU wrapping up hispresentation.<strong>October</strong> 2012 <strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 29
Conference Section (cont’d)High-Power Semiconductor Laser session underway with a captivated audience!In the vein <strong>of</strong> the more scientific nature <strong>of</strong> the meeting,there were three tutorial talks. The first was T.Y. Fan,group leader <strong>of</strong> MIT Lincoln Laboratory’s Laser Technologygroup (Lexington, Massachusetts), teaching us about laserbeam combining. Dr. Fan and his group at MIT LincolnLaboratory have been leading the beam combining area formany years, in particular with wavelength beam combiningand coherent beam combining in both semiconductorand fiber lasers. Proper beam combining <strong>of</strong> many sources islikely the key for future high-power laser systems to scaleto very high brightness. Pr<strong>of</strong>. Luke Mawst <strong>of</strong> the University<strong>of</strong> Wisconsin (Madison, Wisconsin) presented a tutorial onmonolithic power scaling that summarized work on highpowerarrays pioneered by Pr<strong>of</strong>. Mawst and his co-author,Pr<strong>of</strong>. Dan Botez. Pr<strong>of</strong>. Peter Blood <strong>of</strong> Cardiff University(Cardiff, UK) gave the third tutorial delving deep into thephysics <strong>of</strong> laser threshold and efficiency, with advice on howto improve them with design changes.Invited talks made up nearly half <strong>of</strong> the meeting program.Most <strong>of</strong> the leading companies in the high-powermarket provided talks summarizing their latest results, includingCoherent (Santa Clara, California), DILAS (Mainz-Hechtsheim, Germany), Jenoptik (Berlin, Germany),nLight (Vancouver, WA), Oclaro (Zurich, Switzerland),Osram (Regensbury, Germany), and Trumpf (Cranbury,New Jersey). Off the beaten path, Toby Garrod <strong>of</strong> Alfalight(Madison, Wisconsin) and Chad Wang <strong>of</strong> FLIR (Ventura,Califonia) gave talks on surface-emitting lasers for highpowerapplications. Surface-emitters have the advantage <strong>of</strong>greatly spreading out the optical power over a larger areabut some challenges come along as well. Ryan Feeler <strong>of</strong>Northrup Grumman Cutting Edge Optronics (St. Charles,Missouri) gave an interesting talk on the prospects <strong>of</strong>pump laser diodes for use on fusion reactors—should theybe made feasible, identifying the lack <strong>of</strong> laser productioncapacity worldwide as a major hurdle to meeting such anapplication (a challenge most <strong>of</strong> the attending companieswould love to address!).A significant portion <strong>of</strong> the invited talks were from laboratoriesor universities to address the fundamental physics questions.Hans-Dieter H<strong>of</strong>fman from the Fraunh<strong>of</strong>er Institute(Aachen, Germany), Christoph Schultz and Paul Crump <strong>of</strong>the Ferdinand Braun Institute (Berlin, Germany) gave talkson increasing the brightness <strong>of</strong> laser diodes, both spatiallyand spectrally. Pr<strong>of</strong>. Eugene Avrutin from the University <strong>of</strong>York (York, UK) and Pr<strong>of</strong>. Andrezj Malag from the Institute<strong>of</strong> Electronic Materials Technology (Warsaw, Poland) spokeabout improving waveguide design to increase the laser power.Pr<strong>of</strong>. Paul Michael Petersen <strong>of</strong> the Technical University <strong>of</strong>Denmark (Roskilde, Denmark) summarized various externalcavityfeedback architectures and their effects on high-powerlaser performance. Pr<strong>of</strong>. Eric Larkins <strong>of</strong> the University <strong>of</strong>Nottingham (Nottingham, UK) discussed tapered lasers thatcan provide high power with better beam-quality than broadarealasers. Jens Tomm from the Max Born Institute (Berlin,Germany) discussed the process <strong>of</strong> laser failure that limits theoutput power <strong>of</strong> high power lasers with dramatic images andmovies <strong>of</strong> the melting <strong>of</strong> laser facets. A representative fromthe European Union funding agency that sponsors many photonicsresearch programs, Stefan Kaierle <strong>of</strong> Laser ZentrumHannover (Hannover, Germany), even discussed the futureprospects <strong>of</strong> EU funding in this field.In addition to the excellent plenary, tutorial, and invitedtalks there were 14 contributed talks that spanned manyaspects <strong>of</strong> high-power semiconductor lasers from researchersbased in Japan, USA, Europe, and as far away as St.Petersburg, Russia. Many thanks to the organizing committee,speakers, and attendees for making this meeting asuccess. Special thanks to my co-chair, Paul Crump, <strong>of</strong> theFerdinand Braun Institute!Gary M. Smith, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Co-chair30 <strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER <strong>October</strong> 2012
Call forPapersConference Section (cont’d)9 <strong>October</strong> 2012, 12:00 P.M. EDT (16.00 GMT)IMPORTANT DEADLINE:Only one conference and exposition in the world brings you the thought leaders and solutionsproviders taking data, communications and IT infrastructure beyond what you ever thoughtpossible. From the ideas that will become tomorrow’s solutions to the solutions your businessneeds today—you’ll find them at OFC/NFOEC. www.<strong>of</strong>cnfoec.org/submissionsBeyond Copper. Beyond 100G. Beyond Next Gen.Sponsored by: Technical Conference March 17-21Exposition March 19-21Anaheim Convention CenterAnaheim, CA, USA<strong>October</strong> 2012 <strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 31
Conference Section (cont’d) 2012INTERNATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR LASER CONFERENCE7-10 <strong>October</strong>SAN DIEGOMISSION VALLEYMARRIOTTSan Diego, California USA Sponsored by32 <strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER <strong>October</strong> 2012
Conference Section (cont’d)Eldorado Hotel & Spa Santa Fe, New Mexico5-8 MAY 2013Paper Submission Deadline11 Januaryary2013Pre-Registration Deadline5April 2013Interconnect Systems, Architectures & ApplicationsInterconnects in Supercomputers p & DatacentersOptical Transmitters, Receivers & ComponentsUltra Low Power and/or High Bitrate InterconnectsFundamental Limits & Novel ConceptsElectrical & Wireless InterconnectsSilicon <strong>Photonics</strong>Hybrid & Monolithic <strong>Photonics</strong>onics IntegrationEnd-to-End (Electrical-Optical-Electrical) al-El ca LinksOptical Switchingi Devices, Architectures & Control NetworksEmerging Interconnect StandardsInterconnect t PackaginggGeneral Co Chairs:Ashok Krshnamoorthy, Oracle, USAJohn Shalf, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, USAwww.OI-<strong>IEEE</strong>.orgwww.<strong>Photonics</strong>Conferences.org<strong>October</strong> 2012 <strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 33
Conference Section (cont’d)PLANNING A CONFERENCE?WE CAN HELP!<strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY CONFERENCES CANPROVIDE THE SERVICES YOU NEED!•Conference Attendee Registration Management & Reporting•Paper Process Management•Conference Website development and maintenance•Design and production <strong>of</strong> Call For Papers•Production <strong>of</strong> Conference CD Proceedings to include <strong>IEEE</strong> Xplore•Full conference ManagementTALK TO US TODAY!CONTACT Mary Hendrickxfor more informationTEL:(732-562-3897) 2-38m.hendrickx@ieee.org34 <strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER <strong>October</strong> 2012
Conference Section (cont’d)Forthcoming Meetings with ICO ParticipationICO, THE PLACE WHERE THE WORLD OF OPTICS MEETResponsibility for the correctness <strong>of</strong> the information on this page rests with ICO, the InternationalCommission for Optics; http://www.ico-optics.org/.President: M L Calvo, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Departamento de Óptica, Facultad deCiencias Físicas, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, E 28040 Madrid, Spain; mlcalvo@fis.ucm.es.Associate Secretary: Pr<strong>of</strong>. Gert von Bally, Centrum für Biomedizinische Optik und Photonik, UniversitätsklinikumMünster, Robert-Koch-Straße 45, 48149 Münster, Germany; Ce.BOP@uni-muenster.de21–25 <strong>October</strong> 20124th International Symposium onTransparent Conductive Materials(TCM 2012)Crete, GreeceContact: George Kiriakidis,phone: +302810391271,fax: +302810391295kiriakid@iesl.forth.gr2–5 November 20125th International <strong>Photonics</strong> andOptoelec-tronics Meetings (POEM 2012)Wuhan, ChinaContact: Xiaochun Xiao, Qingming Luo,phone: +86-27-87792227, 87792223,fax: +86-27-87792224xiaoxc@mail.hust.edu.cnqluo@mail.hust.edu.cnBeginning <strong>of</strong> 20131st EOS Topical Meeting on <strong>Photonics</strong>for Sustainable Development - Focuson the Mediterranean (PSDM 2013)Tunis, TunisiaContact: Julia Dalichow,phone: +49 511 2788 155,fax: +49 511 2788 117dalichow@myeos.orgATTENTION<strong>IEEE</strong> MEMBERS:Energy expertsspeak out!Free e-NewsletterNews and opinions on sustainableenergy, cars and climate.Alternative fuel for thoughtfrom the editors <strong>of</strong> <strong>IEEE</strong> Spectrum.Subscribe atwww.spectrum.ieee.org/energywise<strong>October</strong> 2012 <strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 35
Conference Section (cont’d)<strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong> <strong>Society</strong> Co–Sponsored Events - 2012ICP <strong>October</strong> 1—3, 20122012 3rd International Conference on <strong>Photonics</strong>Park Royal Penang ResortPenang, Malaysiahttp://www.icp2012.orgOFS—22 <strong>October</strong> 15—19, 201222nd International Conference on Optical Fiber SensorsChina Hall <strong>of</strong> Science and TechnologyBeijng, Chinahttp://www.<strong>of</strong>s-22.orgIWOW <strong>October</strong> 22, 2012International Workshop on Optical Wireless CommunicationsScuola Superiore Sant’AnnaPisa, Italyhttp://opticwise.uop.gr/index.php/announcements/19-workshop-at-pisa.htmlACP November 7—10, 2012Asia Communications and <strong>Photonics</strong> ConferenceThe Garden HotelGuangzhou (Canton), Chinahttp://acp-conf.orgPHOTONICS December 9 —12, 2012The International Conference on Fiber Optics and <strong>Photonics</strong>Indian Institute <strong>of</strong> TechnologyMadras, Indiahttp://www.photonics2012.in/PGC December 13—16, 20122012 <strong>Photonics</strong> Global ConferenceNanyang Technological UniversitySuntec City, Singaporehttp://www.photonicsglobal.orgCODEC December 17—19, 20122012 International Conference on Computers and Devices for CommunicationHyatt Regency KolkataKolkata, Indiahttp://www.codec-rpe.org36 <strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER <strong>October</strong> 2012
Conference Section (cont’d) in “Living Lab, Campus The Hague”, The NetherlandsJune 24 – 26, 2013Responsible Innovation and Entrepreneurship dditional information: www.ice-conference.org/<strong>IEEE</strong>-ITMC2013Preliminary tracksResponsible Innovation and Entrepreneurship• Sustainable innovation and entrepreneurship• Innovation and entrepreneurship in developingcountries• Ethics in innovation and entrepreneurship• Incentives and institutions for responsibleinnovation and entrepreneurshipCollaboration and networks• Concurrent engineering/enterprising• Product, service and system development• Network organization• Supply chain management• Collaborative Innovation & Living LabsForesight and strategies to explore new markets• Technology foresight• Technology road mapping• Market analysis in a high-tech market• Business models in a high-tech market• Strategic niche management• Technology & Business strategiesSpecial tracks and workshops• Theory <strong>of</strong> technology management• Education programs in TMC, MoT, R&D• Crisis managementOrganizing committeeTU Delft:<strong>IEEE</strong> TMC:Leiden University:ICE:Important Dates:Full paper submission Due:Notification <strong>of</strong> Acceptance:Final paper submission:Roland Ortt, Jeroen van den Hoven, Wil ThissenRobert Bierwolf, Bob Shapiro, Luke Maki, Tuna TarimGideon Shimshon, Thomas Bäck, Joost KokBernhard Katzy, Klaus-Dieter Thoben10 January 201310 March 201310 April 2013<strong>October</strong> 2012 <strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 37
<strong>IEEE</strong>/OSA JOURNAL OFLightwaveTechnologyWhy Publish in JLT? Easy-to-Use Authors’ Tools V Plus: Xplore ®New issueevery 2 weeks Rapid online postingwithin two weeks<strong>of</strong> acceptance Special <strong>Issue</strong>s!<strong>IEEE</strong>/OSA JLTwelcomes original advancesrelated to state-<strong>of</strong>-the-artcapabilities in the theory,design, fabrication, application,performance, packaging andreliability <strong>of</strong>: About <strong>IEEE</strong> Xplore ® : http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/jlt-ieeeContact us:jltstaff@ieee.org
Coherent Photon Sources Nonlinear Photonic EffectsNano-<strong>Photonics</strong> Bio-<strong>Photonics</strong> - Silicon <strong>Photonics</strong><strong>Photonics</strong> Materials and Engineered NanostructuresPlasma <strong>Photonics</strong>, Terahertz and Microwave <strong>Photonics</strong>Integrated Photonic SystemsPublication Section<strong>Photonics</strong> Journal to become <strong>IEEE</strong>’s firstall open-access journalReach a wider audience for your research paper at lower costBreakthroughsin <strong>Photonics</strong>2010 is nowavailable asan openaccess featureBeginning on April 15th, the <strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong> <strong>Society</strong>’s <strong>Photonics</strong> Journalbegan transitioning to a new “open access” publishing model that willfoster a much wider readership <strong>of</strong> published papers, reduce the cost <strong>of</strong>open access publication, and enable authors to comply with requirements<strong>of</strong> funding agencies that their research be made available without charge.On January 1, 2013, <strong>Photonics</strong> Journal will become the first <strong>IEEE</strong> journalto transition to a completely open access publication process.Lower cost for open access publicationAuthors choosing the new open access publication option for their papers in <strong>Photonics</strong> Journal will payjust $1,350 (lowered from $2,800). This one low open access fee covers papers up to eight pages, withadditional pages at $120 each.Transition to open access for all submissions to <strong>Photonics</strong> JournalUntil July 1, 2012, authors will have the option <strong>of</strong> submitting papers under the existing submission rules,or choosing the new open access publication method. After July 1, all papers published in <strong>Photonics</strong> Journalmust be submitted under the open access model. In addition, on January 1, 2013 all back issues <strong>of</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong>Journal (including all 2012 papers) will become available via open access.<strong>Photonics</strong> Journal: the <strong>IEEE</strong>’s first online-only peer reviewedjournal, will be the <strong>IEEE</strong>’s first all-open-access journalThe <strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong> Journal <strong>of</strong>fers a comprehensive technical scope within photonicsscience and technology, reflecting the latest research in the technical communityengaged in the generation, control, detection and utilization <strong>of</strong> electromagneticradiation, spanning frequencies from terahertz to x-rays. Please visit the Journal’swebsite to learn more: http://www.photonicsjournal.org/index.htmlThe Journal maintains the highest standards <strong>of</strong> editorial quality and fair-minded rigorousreview processes, characteristic <strong>of</strong> all <strong>IEEE</strong> journals. <strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong> Journal <strong>of</strong>fers rapidpublication <strong>of</strong> papers on <strong>IEEE</strong> Xplore. The expanded capabilities supported by onlinepublication also allow open-access and multimedia options forauthors, while providing significantly increased value to readers.Learn more about the <strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong><strong>Society</strong> at photonicssociety.org<strong>October</strong> 2012 <strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 39
Publication Section (cont’d)Call for PapersAnnouncing an <strong>Issue</strong> <strong>of</strong> the <strong>IEEE</strong> JOURNALOF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUMELECTRONICS on Semiconductor LasersSubmission Deadline: November 1, 2012The <strong>IEEE</strong> Journal <strong>of</strong> Selected Topics in Quantum Electronicsinvites manuscripts that document the current state<strong>of</strong> the art in Semiconductor Lasers. Technical areas includebut are not limited to:• high-speed VCSELs and edge-emitting lasers• low energy/bit lasers• Vertical External Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers( VECSELs)• novel high power laser schemes• short pulse sources• micro- and nanolasers• short wavelength and visible lasers• quantum dot/wire lasers• photonic crystal lasers• lasers on new semiconductor materials• tunable lasers• lasers in photonic and electronic integrated circuits• quantum cascade, interband and mid-IR lasers• THz lasers• coupled semiconductor lasers• semiconductor ring lasers• lasers in microwave photonics• synchronization <strong>of</strong> chaotic lasers, laser dynamics• SOA and LED topics closely related to lasers• new applications <strong>of</strong> semiconductor lasersThe Primary Guest Editor for this issue is Luke F. Lester,University <strong>of</strong> New Mexico, USA, and the Guest Editors areSze-Chun Chan, City University <strong>of</strong> Hong Kong, China,Vassilios Kovanis, Air Force Research Laboratory, USA,Tomoyuki Miyamoto, Tokyo Institute <strong>of</strong> Technology, Japan,and Stephen Sweeney, University <strong>of</strong> Surrey, UK.The deadline for submission <strong>of</strong> manuscripts is November 1,2012. Preprints <strong>of</strong> accepted manuscripts will be postedon the <strong>IEEE</strong> Xplore website within 2 weeks <strong>of</strong> authorscorrectly uploading their final files in the ScholarOne Manuscripts “Awaiting Final Files” queue. Final pagepro<strong>of</strong>s <strong>of</strong> accepted papers are normally posted onlinein <strong>IEEE</strong> Xplore within 6 weeks <strong>of</strong> authors uploadingtheir final files, if there are no page pro<strong>of</strong> corrections.Hardcopy publication <strong>of</strong> the issue is scheduled for July/August 2013.All submissions will be reviewed in accordance with thenormal procedures <strong>of</strong> the Journal.For inquiries regarding this Special <strong>Issue</strong>, pleasecontact:JSTQE Editorial Office - Chin Tan Lutz<strong>IEEE</strong>/<strong>Photonics</strong> <strong>Society</strong>445 Hoes Lane,Piscataway, NJ 08854, U.S.A.Phone: 732-465-5813,Email: c.tanlutz@ieee.orgThe following supporting documents are requiredduring the mandatory online submission at http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/pho-ieee (please select the Journal<strong>of</strong> Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics from the dropdown menu).1) <strong>PDF</strong> or MS Word manuscript (double column format,up to 12 pages for an invited paper, up to 8 pages fora contributed paper). Manuscripts over the standardpage limit will have an overlength charge <strong>of</strong> $220.00per page imposed. Biographies <strong>of</strong> all authors are mandatory,photographs are optional. You may find theTools for Authors link useful: http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/authors/transjnl/index.html2) Completed Color Printing Agreement/Decline form.Please email c.tanlutz@ieee.org to request this form.3) MS Word document with full contact informationfor all authors as indicated below: Last name (Familyname), First name, Suffix (Dr./Pr<strong>of</strong>./Ms./Mr.), Affiliation,Department, Address, Telephone, Facsimile,Email.40 <strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER <strong>October</strong> 2012
Publication Section (cont’d)Call for PapersAnnouncing an <strong>Issue</strong> <strong>of</strong> the <strong>IEEE</strong>JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS INQUANTUM ELECTRONICS on NumericalSimulation <strong>of</strong> Optoelectronic DevicesSubmission Deadline: December 1, 2012The <strong>IEEE</strong> Journal <strong>of</strong> Selected Topics in Quantum Electronicsinvites manuscript submissions in the area <strong>of</strong> NumericalSimulation <strong>of</strong> Optoelectronic Devices. Thepurpose <strong>of</strong> this issue <strong>of</strong> JSTQE is to document the currentstate <strong>of</strong> the art and the variety <strong>of</strong> leading-edge work in thisfield through a collection <strong>of</strong> original papers. Papers aresolicited on theory, modeling, simulation, and analysis <strong>of</strong>modern optoelectronic devices including materials, fabricationand application. Optoelectronic devices are based onthe interaction <strong>of</strong> photons and electrons, including laserdiodes, light emitting diodes, optical modulators, opticalamplifiers, solar cells, photodetectors, and optoelectronicintegrated circuits. Validation <strong>of</strong> theoretical results by measurementsis desired.The Primary Guest Editor for this issue is JoachimPiprek, NUSOD Institute, USA, and the Guest Editorsare Enrico Bellotti, Boston University, USA; Seoung-Hwan Park, Catholic University <strong>of</strong> Daegu, South Korea;Bernd Witzigmann, University <strong>of</strong> Kassel, Germany; BeatRuhstaller, Fluxim AG, Switzerland.The deadline for submission <strong>of</strong> manuscripts is December1, 2012. Preprints <strong>of</strong> accepted manuscripts will beposted on the <strong>IEEE</strong> Xplore website within 2 weeks<strong>of</strong> authors correctly uploading their final files in theScholar One Manuscripts “Awaiting Final Files” queue. Finalpage pro<strong>of</strong>s <strong>of</strong> accepted papers are normally postedonline in <strong>IEEE</strong> Xplore within 6 weeks <strong>of</strong> authorsuploading their final files, if there are no page pro<strong>of</strong>corrections. Hardcopy publication <strong>of</strong> the issue is scheduledfor September/<strong>October</strong> 2013.All submissions will be reviewed in accordance with thenormal procedures <strong>of</strong> the Journal.For inquiries regarding this Special <strong>Issue</strong>, please contact:JSTQE Editorial Office - Chin Tan Lutz<strong>IEEE</strong>/<strong>Photonics</strong> <strong>Society</strong>445 Hoes Lane,Piscataway, NJ 08854, U.S.A.Phone: 732-465-5813,Email: c.tanlutz@ieee.orgThe following supporting documents are required during themandatory online submission at http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/pho-ieee (please select the Journal <strong>of</strong> Selected Topics inQuantum Electronics from the drop down menu).1) <strong>PDF</strong> or MS Word manuscript (double column format,up to 12 pages for an invited paper, up to 8 pages fora contributed paper). Manuscripts over the standardpage limit will have an overlength charge <strong>of</strong> $220.00per page imposed. Biographies <strong>of</strong> all authors are mandatory,photographs are optional. You may find theTools for Authors link useful: http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/authors/transjnl/index.html2) Completed Color Printing Agreement/Decline form.Please email c.tanlutz@ieee.org to request this form.3) MS Word document with full contact informationfor all authors as indicated below: Last name (Familyname), First name, Suffix (Dr./Pr<strong>of</strong>./Ms./Mr.), Affiliation,Department, Address, Telephone, Facsimile,Email.<strong>October</strong> 2012 <strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER 41
Publication Section (cont’d)Preliminary Call for PapersAnnouncing an <strong>Issue</strong> <strong>of</strong> the <strong>IEEE</strong> JOURNALOF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELEC-TRONICS on Graphene OptoelectronicsSubmission Deadline: April 1, 2013The <strong>IEEE</strong> Journal <strong>of</strong> Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics(JSTQE) invites manuscript submissions in the area<strong>of</strong> Graphene Optoelectronics. The purpose <strong>of</strong> this issue<strong>of</strong> JSTQE is to document leading-edge work in this fieldthrough a collection <strong>of</strong> original and invited papers rangingfrom fundamental physics to applications.The Primary Guest Editor for this issue is Thomas Müller,Vienna University <strong>of</strong> Technology, Austria.The deadline for submission <strong>of</strong> manuscripts is April 1, 2013.Unedited preprints <strong>of</strong> accepted manuscripts are normallyposted online on <strong>IEEE</strong> Xplore within 1 week <strong>of</strong> authorsuploading their final files in the ScholarOne Manuscriptssubmission system. The final copy-edited and XML-taggedversion <strong>of</strong> a manuscript is posted on <strong>IEEE</strong> Xplore as soon aspossible once page numbers can be assigned. This versionreplaces the preprint and is usually posted well before thehardcopy <strong>of</strong> the issue is published. Hardcopy publication <strong>of</strong>the issue is scheduled for January/February 2014.All submissions will be reviewed in accordance with thenormal procedures <strong>of</strong> the Journal.For inquiries regarding this Special <strong>Issue</strong>, please contact:JSTQE Editorial Office - Chin Tan Lutz<strong>IEEE</strong>/<strong>Photonics</strong> <strong>Society</strong>445 Hoes Lane,Piscataway, NJ 08854, U.S.A.Phone: 732-465-5813,Email: c.tanlutz@ieee.orgThe following supporting documents are requiredduring the mandatory online submission at: http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/jstqe-pho1) <strong>PDF</strong> or MS Word manuscript (double column format,up to 12 pages for an invited paper, up to 8pages for a contributed paper). Manuscripts over thestandard page limit will have an overlength charge<strong>of</strong> $220.00 per page imposed. Biographies <strong>of</strong> all authorsare mandatory, photographs are optional. Youmay find the Tools for Authors link useful: http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/authors/transjnl/index.html2) Completed Color Printing Agreement/Decline form.Please email c.tanlutz@ieee.org to request this form.3) MS Word document with full contact informationfor all authors as indicated below:Last name (Family name), First name, Suffix (Dr./Pr<strong>of</strong>./Ms./Mr.), Affiliation, Department, Address,Telephone, Facsimile, Email.42 <strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER <strong>October</strong> 2012
YOU KNOW YOUR STUDENTS NEED <strong>IEEE</strong> INFORMATION.NOW THEY CAN HAVE IT. AND YOU CAN AFFORD IT.<strong>IEEE</strong> RECOGNIZES THE SPECIAL NEEDS OF SMALLER COLLEGES, and wants studentsto have access to the information that will put them on the path to career success. Now,smaller colleges can subscribe to the same <strong>IEEE</strong> collections that large universities receive,but at a lower price, based on your full-time enrollment and degree programs.Find out more–visit www.ieee.org/learning
ADVERTISER’S INDEXThe Advertiser’s Index contained in this issue iscompiled as a service to our readers and advertisers.The publisher is not liable for errors or omissionsalthough every effort is made to ensure itsaccuracy. Be sure to let our advertisers know youfound them through the <strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong> <strong>Society</strong>Newsletter.Advertiser . . . . . . . . . . . . Page #General <strong>Photonics</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . CVR 2Lambda Research Corp.. . . . . . . . . CVR 3Optiwave Systems Inc . . . . . . . . . . CVR 4Santec USA Corp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25<strong>Photonics</strong> <strong>Society</strong>Mission Statement<strong>Photonics</strong> <strong>Society</strong> shall advance the interests<strong>of</strong> its members and the laser, optoelectronics,and photonics pr<strong>of</strong>essional community by:• providing opportunities for informationexchange, continuing education, andpr<strong>of</strong>essional growth;• publishing journals, sponsoring conferences,and supporting local chapter andstudent activities;• formally recognizing the pr<strong>of</strong>essionalcontributions <strong>of</strong> members;• representing the laser, optoelectronics,and photonics community and serving asits advocate within the <strong>IEEE</strong>, the broaderscientific and technical community, andsociety at large.<strong>Photonics</strong> <strong>Society</strong>Field <strong>of</strong> InterestThe Field <strong>of</strong> Interest <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Society</strong> shall be lasers,optical devices, optical fibers, and associatedlightwave technology and their applicationsin systems and subsystems in which quantumelectronic devices are key elements. The <strong>Society</strong>is concerned with the research, development,design, manufacture, and applications <strong>of</strong> materials,devices and systems, and with the variousscientific and technological activities whichcontribute to the useful expansion <strong>of</strong> the field <strong>of</strong>quantum electronics and applications.The <strong>Society</strong> shall aid in promoting close cooperationwith other <strong>IEEE</strong> groups and societiesin the form <strong>of</strong> joint publications, sponsorship<strong>of</strong> meetings, and other forms <strong>of</strong> informationexchange. Appropriate cooperative efforts willalso be undertaken with non-<strong>IEEE</strong> societies.<strong>IEEE</strong> <strong>Photonics</strong><strong>Society</strong> NewsletterAdvertising Sales Offices445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway NJ 08854www.ieee.org/ieeemediaImpact this hard-to-reach audience in their own <strong>Society</strong>publication. For further information on product andrecruitment advertising, call your local sales <strong>of</strong>fice.MANAGEMENTJames A. VickSr. Director, AdvertisingPhone: 212-419-7767Fax: 212-419-7589jv.ieeemedia@ieee.orgSusan E. 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Canada: OntarioWest Coast/Mountain StatesWestern CanadaMarshall RubinPhone: +1 818 888 2407;Fax: +1 818 888 4907mr.ieeemedia@ieee.orgAZ, CO, HI, NM, NV,UT, AK, ID, MT, WY,OR, WA, CA. Canada:British ColumbiaEurope/Africa/Middle EastHeleen VodegelPhone: +44-1875-825-700Fax: +44-1875-825-701hv.ieeemedia@ieee.orgEurope, Africa, Middle EastAsia/Far East/Pacific RimSusan SchneidermanPhone: 732-562-3946Fax: 732-981-1855ss.ieeemedia@ieee.orgAsia, Far East, Pacific Rim,Australia, New ZealandRECRUITMENTADVERTISINGMidatlanticLisa RinaldoPhone: 732-772-0160Fax: 732-772-0161lr.ieeemedia@ieee.orgNY, NJ, CT, PA, DE, MD,DC, KY, WVNew England/Eastern CanadaLiza ReichPhone: +1 212 419 7578Fax: 212-419-7589e.reich@ieee.orgME, VT, NH, MA, RICanada: Quebec,Nova Scotia,Prince Edward Island,Newfoundland,New BrunswickSoutheastCathy FlynnPhone: 770-645-2944Fax: 770-993-4423cf.ieeemedia@ieee.orgVA, NC, SC, GA, FL, AL,MS, TNMidwest/South Central/Central CanadaDarcy GiovingoPhone: 847-498-4520Fax: 847-498-5911dg.ieeemedia@ieee.org;AR, IL, IN, IA, KS, LA,MI, MN, MO, NE, ND,SD, OH, OK, TX, WI.Canada: Ontario,Manitoba, Saskatchewan,AlbertaWest Coast/Southwest/Mountain States/AsiaTim MattesonPhone: 310-836-4064Fax: 310-836-4067tm.ieeemedia@ieee.orgAZ, CO, HI, NV, NM,UT, CA, AK, ID, MT,WY, OR, WA.Canada: British ColumbiaEurope/Africa/Middle EastHeleen VodegelPhone: +44-1875-825-700Fax: +44-1875-825-701hv.ieeemedia@ieee.orgEurope, Africa,Middle East44 <strong>IEEE</strong> PHOTONICS SOCIETY NEWSLETTER <strong>October</strong> 2012
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