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InternationalExperiences &Applications in theIndian ContextJohn WhiteheadInstitutional Business DevelopmentTrimble Navigation, Ltd.

Challenge of Land Titling in India1.9 million km² of Agricultural Land35 states/ territories (628 districts)Density of 382 persons/ km²1.2 billion people70% Rural PopulationSmall Individual Land Holdings--------------------------------------------------= Over 1,000,000,000 land parcels

Learning from International ExperiencesLand Governance Assessment Framework- World Bank, 2012“ The sustainability of land registries and theirability to reach out to those with limitedresources will depend critically on this beingdone in a low-cost manner.…”Low-cost over time = System sustainabilitySpatial data accuracy reduces long-term costsQuality data improves adherence to the land law

International Lessons: CHINASituation:No rural parcel cadastre or digitized spatial dataLess than 25% of households hold titleArable land is only 11% of total (China is land-poor)HOWEVER, 56% of all land is under cultivationApproach:Massive GeodeticInfrastructure InvestmentNext Five-Year Plan willinclude rural land titlingChina is technically aheadChina is technically aheadbut politically behind

International Lessons: INDONESIASituation:Land Law enacted 1960Approximately 35 million parcelsLess than 3 million parcels actually titledApproach:Bureaucracy and local implementation hinder progressReliance on passive control points with spacingrequirementsControl point monuments are often stolen,destroyed, or buried, making maintenance impossible

International Lessons: TURKEYSituation:55 million parcelsPaper-to-digital titlingApproach:170 Station VRS NetworkVRS is the spatial data foundation of Turkish LandRegistry and Cadastral Information Systems (TABKIS)Designed for multiple users (government ministries,private sector, seismic, education, weather)Primary use is land registration, cadastral control,seismology, and meteorology

The Goal of Land Titling……Land Title&CadastralMapImprovementInvestmentLeverageAccountabilityStability

Who do we serve?Photos from AP, UN, ICIRP

Understanding the Land MarketLand Use and Demand for Spatial Data Accuracy$CommercialDemand forAccuracyValuable Nat.ResourcesResidentialIndustrialAgriculturalNatural Resources00Distance from the Urban CenterDistance from the Urban Center

Technical ApproachClimateLand UseGeographyTechnologySolution!Human Resources & Policy- Geospatial Professionals- IT Professionals- Administrative/Legal- Government Officials- Taxation, Subsidies- Customary Rights- Bureaucratic Systems

Conventional Technology OptionsTECHNOLOGYAerial ImageryGPS (or GNSS)Total StationsBENEFITSCoverageSpeedAccuracyLIMITATIONSData ErosionSky VisibilitySlow & TechnicalWhich Technology to Use?

Small Technology Changes Can Help…Farmer ConcernSurvey Team at workWindows-based Solution &On-demand Map PrintingPhotos from AP, IPSNewsPeace of Mind

Integrated SurveyingPremiumAdvancedStandardRoboticWindows-basedMechanicalCombinationof Robotic TS+ GNSS RoverProductivity

Virtual Reference Station NetworksVRS Networks UNIFYPhotogrammetry, GPS, and Optics….…and provide your Spatial Data BACKBONE

What is Achievable?Common Reference FrameBoundary/ZoningAdministrativeLand Use (urban/rural)Individual ParcelsGeology/SeismologyMonitoring/DeformationConstruction/UtilitiesNatural ResourcesVRS NETWORKBoundary/ZoningNatural ResourcesPASSIVE CONTROL POINTS

Cadastral SystemSpatial DataSpatial DataSpatial DataOtherGovernment& Private UsersSpatial DataLand RegistrySystem

Why Integrate?2DIndustry Shift3DUsers

Capacity Building

Summary• Land Titling in India is an immenselymeaningful and commendable effort• States can learn from internationalexperiences and avoid costly mistakes• Technologies can be combined toimprove productivity and lower costs• Adopting the right technology will• Adopting the right technology willdictate success or failure