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Multiple domestications and their taxonomic consequences: Phaseolus vulgaris
Tab. 3: Distribution amongst Mesoamerican wild beans of the chloroplast
haplotypes found in Mesoamerican races of domesticated common
bean and their co-occurrence with other haplotypes
(Mexican states ordered from north to south, figures represent numbers of
accessions)
76
COUNTRY
or State A B G
Haplotype
I J K L N O
Total
MEXICO 26 6 0 8 4 12 7 1 2 63
Chihuahua 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
Durango 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 1 0 5
Nayarit 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 4
Jalisco 9 1 0 0 2 1 3 0 0 16
Mϑxico 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2
Puebla 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2
Oaxaca 0 1 0 1 0 5 1 0 0 8
Chiapas 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 7
GUATEMALA 0 0 7 7 6 0 1 0 0 21
Haplotype K is the most frequent haplotype among Mesoamerican landraces and
predominates in Races Mesoamerica and Durango. Amongst wild beans, it has a
disjunct distribution, occurring in southern Mexico (Oaxaca, Puebla and rarely,
Jalisco) and also in northern Mexico (Durango and Chihuahua).
Early archaeobotanical remains of domesticated common bean are found in or near
both of these areas (KAPLAN and LYNCH 1999). This suggests that wild beans with
haplotype K were domesticated in southern Mexico, northern Mexico, or both, to give
rise to Race Mesoamerica, now characteristic of warm humid areas, and Race Durango,
now associated with cool semi-arid highlands.
Haplotype L is the predominant haplotype in Race Jalisco, which is characteristic of
the humid highlands of central and southern Mexico (SINGH et al. 1991, BEEBE et al.
2000). It occurs also in Races Mesoamerica and Durango. Among wild beans, it is
present in Jalisco, occurs also, though less frequently, in wild beans from Oaxaca
and Guatemala, but is absent from northern Mexico.
Haplotype I is the only haplotype present in Race Guatemala, a race of climbing
beans centred on Guatemala and the adjacent Mexican state of Chiapas. It is the
only haplotype that we have found in wild beans from Chiapas, is one of the most
frequent haplotypes in wild beans from western and central Guatemala, and is present,
though not common, in wild beans from Oaxaca.