Schriften zu Genetischen Ressourcen - Genres

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Resynthesised Brassica napus as a genetic resource in rapeseed improvement Material and methods Developing intraspecific hybrids based on resynthesised rapeseed In the course of an industrial rapeseed breeding programme, spring-type resynthesised HEAR lines (RS lines) were developed and evaluated for agronomic features, such as growth habit, different leaf characters, flowering behaviour and seed yield components (cf. LÜHS and FRIEDT 1999, SEYIS et al. 1999). Nine selected RS lines – derived from interspecific crosses between different cauliflower (B. oleracea ssp. oleracea convar. botrytis var. botrytis L.) cultivars (‘BK 2256’, ‘BK 2287’, ‘BK 3094’, ‘BK 3096’ and ‘Venus’) and B. rapa ‘Yellow Sarson’ (ssp. trilocularis (Roxb.) Hanelt; Y.S.) – as well as the old spring cultivars ‘Janetzkis Sommerraps’, ‘Bronowski’ and ‘Svalöfs Gulle’ were used as male parents (pollinators) in order to develop intraspecific hybrids (cf. pedigree Tab. 1). For hybrid seed production the male sterile double-low lines ‘MSL-506c’ and ‘MSL-510c’ (NPZ, Norddeutsche Pflanzen<strong>zu</strong>cht, Hohenlieth, Germany) were grown in the year 2000 under isolation cages together with the higherucic acid pollinators; pollination was facilitated by bumble bees. The semi-synthetic rapeseed hybrids (TH1-TH18) based on RS lines as well as the conventional test hybrids (TH19-TH24) were analysed for fatty acid composition by gas chromatography. The experimental hybrids (Tab. 1) were tested in the growing season 2001 for yield performance at two locations - the Field Research Station of Rauischholzhausen (near Marburg/Hesse, Germany) and Hohenlieth (NPZ, Hohenlieth, Germany) - and with two replications using the double-low spring rapeseed ‘Senator’ and the breeding line ‘PF 8242/96’ as checks. Tab. 1: Pedigree of the experimental spring hybrids (TH1-TH24) derived from the intraspecific cross MSL line × Pollinator Female Parent Male Parent (Pollinator) MSL-510c MSL-506c RS line / Cultivar Pedigree of RS line TH1 TH2 RS 578d BK 2256 × Y.S. TH3 TH4 RS 55 Y.S. × BK 2256 TH5 TH6 RS SF 301 Y.S. × BK 3094 TH7 TH8 RS SF 306 Y.S. × BK 3094 TH9 TH10 RS SF 390 Y.S. × BK 3094 TH11 TH12 RS SF 279 Y.S. × BK 3096 - TH14 RS 232a BK 2287 × Y.S. TH15 TH16 RS 16S/5b Y.S. × BK Venus TH17 TH18 RS 239b BK 2287 × Y.S. TH19 TH20 Janetzkis Sommerraps Natural rapeseed TH21 TH22 Bronowski Natural rapeseed TH23 TH24 Svaloefs Gulle Natural rapeseed 334
F. SEYIS, W. FRIEDT and W. LÜHS Novel synthetic rapeseed with low erucic acid content Individual zero-erucic B. oleracea plants belonging to the three accessions ‘Kashirka 202’, ‘Ladozhskaya’ and ‘Eisenkopf’ (LÜHS et al. 2000) were crossed with different B. rapa quality types, viz. ‘Asko’ (0, spring fodder rape), an apetalous B. rapa line and ‘Reward’ (both 00, yellow-seeded spring type), and two 00-winter type lines (‘Q3F’ and ‘SWSP’). The efficiency of interspecific crosses was aided by embryo rescue. Cuttings from these hybrids were treated with colchicine in order to obtain amphidiploid B. napus plants (cf. LÜHS and FRIEDT 1999, SEYIS et al. 2001). Results and discussion Resynthesised rapeseed as a resource in hybrid breeding The experimental hybrids (TH1-TH24) were checked for hybridity; as expected all of them showed an intermediate seed oil quality with erucic acid contents ranging from 8.3 to 40.4%. The results of the yield trial are presented in Fig. 1. Regarding relative seed yield (‘Senator‘=100, 30.0 dt/ha), the left streaky columns represent the hybrids derived from the female line ‘MSL 506c’, while the right grey columns represent the hybrids belonging to ‘MSL 510c’. The average seed yield of the 25 genotypes was 33.6 dt/ha. Hybrids developed from the female parent ‘MSL-506c’ tended to give higher seed yields compared to hybrids from ‘MSL-510c’. The three synthetic lines ‘RS 578d’ (‘BK 2256’ × ‘Y.S.’), ‘RS SF 306’ (‘Y.S.’ × ‘BK 3094’) and ‘RS 239b’ (‘BK 2287’ × ‘Y.S.’), whose experimental hybrids showed the best results (Fig. 1), are considered as promising material. Novel synthetic rapeseed with low erucic acid content With regard to oilseed rape, current double-low (canola) breeding material seems to be closely related and intensive quality breeding has also contributed to narrow the genetic base of this crop species (VOSS et al. 1998). On the other hand, the availability of effective hybridisation control systems has enabled the development of hybrid cultivars and has led to a demand for maximum diversity among breeding material. Due to its poor agronomic performance and seed quality, the establishment of a new genepool based on artificial B. napus is limited. One strategy to exploit this novel germplasm in rapeseed improvement with minimum losses neither of seed quality nor genetic divergence is seen in new resynthesis experiments using zero-erucic B. oleracea mutants, which we have identified previously (LÜHS et al. 2000). In a preliminary experiment we developed 16 amphihaploid hybrids from the reciprocal crosses B. rapa ‘Asko’ × zero-erucic acid B. oleracea forms. Seed oil analysis of the first individual hybrid (‘Kashirka 202’ × ‘Asko’) revealed a zero-erucic acid phenotype as expected (SEYIS et al. 2001). The results of the B. napus resynthesis experiments using B. rapa cultivars other than ‘Asko’ as female parent are summarised in Tab. 1. Most of amphihaploid individuals in vitro were obtained in these cases where the apetalous line was used as B. rapa parent (Tab. 1). 335
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Schriften zu Genetischen Ressourcen
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Preface Preface In October 2001, th
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Preface Asia. M. CHAUVET (Montpelli
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Table of contents Table of contents
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Table of contents Utilisation of pl
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Table of contents Federal Informati
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Recollections of Rudolf Mansfeld Af
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Recollections of Rudolf Mansfeld Ma
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Recollections of Rudolf Mansfeld MA
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R. Mansfeld’s scientific influenc
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History of Plant Genetic Resources
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History of Plant Genetic Resources
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Mansfeld's Encyclopedia of Agricult
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The "Mansfeld Database" in its nati
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The "Mansfeld Database" in its nati
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A Species Compendium for Plant Gene
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Some notes on problems of taxonomy
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Theoretical and practical problems
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Development of Vavilov’s concept
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Multiple domestications and their t
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Ethnobotanical studies on cultivate
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Inventorying food plants in France
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The neglected diversity of immigran
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Unconscious selection in plants und
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R. V. BOTHMER, TH. V. HINTUM, H. KN
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Diversity of African vegetable Sola
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Molecular diversity studies in two
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The history of the medieval vegetab
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Paintings from the 16 th to 18 th c
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Sugar beets and related wild specie
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Utilisation of plant genetic resour
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Proof of long-term stored potato ge
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Structure of table ScientificName L
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Genebank work for preservation of t
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Molecular diversity in the genus Am
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A. DIEDERICHSEN, D. KESSLER, P. KUS
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D. ENNEKING and H. KNÜPFFER Fishin
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References D. ENNEKING and H. KNÜP
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Pyrus L. Secale L. Sorbus L. Trifol
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Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi et Oh
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Lycopersicon Mill. Nicotiana L. Sal
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Pyrus communis L. Trachomitum sarma
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R. macropetalus Dougl. ex Hook. R.
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Tab. 1: Actual European strawberry
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H. GRAUSGRUBER, H. BOINTNER, R. TUM
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yield / plant (g) resistance score
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H. GRAUSGRUBER, H. BOINTNER, R. TUM
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Molecular mapping and geographical
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English translation of the 1979 Rus
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