Schriften zu Genetischen Ressourcen - Genres

Characterisation of spring barley genetic resources in Yugoslavia
to 4,000 mm/m 2) , soil type (chernozem, sandy...), exposition, etc]. At present, the
Yugoslavian barley gene bank holds about 150 barley accessions representing putative
landraces and about 80 cultivars from three breeding institutes. To promote their
effective use in plant breeding programmes, genetic resources need to be characterised
and evaluated for different taxonomical, morphological, physiological and
agronomical traits. This study presents first results on the characterisation and the
evaluation of 106 barley landraces from Yugoslavia.
Material and methods
Selected landraces were grown at two locations in Yugoslavia (Novi Sad and Kragujevac)
and Gatersleben (Germany). They were sown manually in rows of 2 m
length, with 5 cm spacing between plants, and harvested manually at the full maturity
stage. Measurements were performed on ten individual plants of each accession.
Only data obtained from field experiments at Kragujevac were used for the assessment
of genetic variability and diversity within this collection. Values of 16 quantitative
traits (Table 1) were taken for cluster analysis. Qualitative traits (number of rows
in spike, spike form and presence of awn dent) were not taken into account for this
computing. Hierarchical clustering was done by the method of linkage between the
groups, based on the square Euclidean distances. All calculations and the construction
of vertical dendrograms were performed using SPSS W 10.0.
In addition, resistance tests for Barley Mild Mosaic Virus (BaMMV), and leaf rust
(Puccinia hordei Otth.) were performed. Five plants per genotype were mechanically
inoculated in two replications with BaMMV and tested for resistance by DAS-ELISA.
Regarding resistance to BaYMV-1 and BaYMV-2, field tests are in progress. Ten
plants per genotype were artificially inoculated with the single spore isolate I 80 of
leaf rust.
Results
The measured traits and their minimal, maximal and average values within the collected
material are presented in Table 1.
Plant height varied from 56 to 94 cm, while the number of productive tillers was between
1 and 9. Variation in primary spike length was between 2.52 cm and 14 cm,
with an average value of 7.94 cm. The difference in flowering time between the earliest
and the latest accession amounted to 23 days. Some accessions were almost
completely sterile. Variation in yield components, i.e., number and mass of grains per
primary spike and grain mass of plant showed the greatest variation (sometimes the
ratio minimal vs. maximal value is more than 10 times).
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