Schriften zu Genetischen Ressourcen - Genres

R. BÜTTNER, M. FISCHER, M. GEIBEL, P.L. FORSLINE and V.V. PONOMARENKO
material from the centres origin of cultivated apple increased (FORSLINE et al. 1996,
HOKANSON et al. 1997, FORSLINE 2000, LUBY et al. 2001), and collecting of wild
specimens has been revived recently. Evaluation and characterisation, especially for
resistances to biotic and abiotic factors, are underway for a number of species from
various origins (LUBY et al. 2001). The results are being included in databases and
made available through international networks. This is the basis for their utilisation in
breeding new cultivars.
It is concluded that further collecting trips are necessary since the original habitats of
many accessions in collections are unknown, and most species are represented by a
few accessions only. China, as the main centre of diversity of Malus, should be a main
destination for further collecting. The evaluation of newly collected material is supported
by molecular marker methods to create core collections, thus facilitating a more efficient
evaluation (FORSLINE 1996, HOKANSON et al. 1998, 2000). Processing and
documentation of evaluation data needs to be strengthened. Thus, research work on
Malus wild species can be shared effectively between different working groups around
the world. These co-operative projects will increase the knowledge of the genus Malus
and enlarge the genetic base for future apple breeding.
References
FORSLINE, P.L. (1996): Core subsets in the USDA/NPGS with apple as an example. In:
Proc. 2nd Workshop on Clonal Genetic Resources, Ottawa, Ontario, Jan. 23-24,
1996. pp.172-175.
FORSLINE, P.L. (2000): Procedures for collection, conservation, evaluation and documentation
of germplasm using Malus as an example. - Acta Horticulturae 522,
223-234.
FORSLINE, P.L., S.C. HOKANSON, A. DJANGALIEV, N.A. AITKHOZHINA, T. UNRUH and H.
PELLET (1996): Report of Expedition to Kazakhstan to collect genetic resources of
wild apple. http://www.ars-grin.gov/ars/NoAtlantic/Geneva/kaz96.html.
FORSLINE, P.L., J.R. MCFERSON, W.F. LAMBOY and L.E. TOWILL (1998): Development of
base and active collections of Malus germplasm with cryopreserved dormant
buds. - Acta Horticulturae 484, 75-78.
HOKANSON, S.C., J.R. MCFERSON, P.L. FORSLINE, W.F. LAMBOY, J.J. LUBY, A.D.
DJANGALIEV and H.S. ALDWINCKLE (1997): Collecting and managing wild Malus
germplasm in its center of diversity. - HortScience 32, 172-176.
HOKANSON, S.C., A.K. SZEWC-MCFADDEN, W.F. LAMBOY and J.R. MCFERSON (1998):
Microsatellite (SSR) markers reveal genetic identities, genetic diversity and
relationships in a Malus ×domestica Borkh. core subset collection. - Theor. appl.
Genet. 97, 671-683.
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