Schriften zu Genetischen Ressourcen - Genres
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Schriften zu Genetischen Ressourcen - Genres

Schriften zu Genetischen Ressourcen - Genres Schriften zu Genetischen Ressourcen - Genres

genres.de
30.11.2012 Views

H. SCHULZ Tab. 1: Occurrence of flavour substances in various fresh fruits and processed foods species lated substances are used for the compounding of natural flavourings but they may be also starting materials for chemical or biochemical syntheses in the flavour industry. Generally, the concentration of the individual flavour substances is comparatively low. Table 1 demonstrates the concentration of the total amount of flavour compounds in some selected fresh and processed plant materials. As can be seen from this table, the raw fruits contain relatively low concentrations of volatile flavour substances while foods that have been subjected to a heating process (such as roasting or fermentation) tend to present somewhat higher amounts. Furthermore, the number of flavour compounds increases during processing; the leader here is probably freshly roasted coffee. Use in cosmetic products According to their major active principles, plant extracts used in cosmetic products can be subdivided into the following main groups: • Essential oil plants • Flavonoid drugs (extracts with anti-inflammatory activity and healing properties, extracts which stimulate the capillary blood pressure) • Tanniferous plant extracts or those containing silicic acid • Saponin extracts total volatile flavour substances [mg/kg] number of volatile flavour compounds Banana (raw) 12 – 18 150 Raspberry (raw) 2 – 5 150 Strawberry (raw) 2 – 8 150 Tomato (raw) 3 – 5 250 – 300 Hazelnut 40 – 50 250 Coffee (roasted) 100 800 – 1000 Cocoa (fermented) 100 500 – 700 183

Utilisation of plant genetic resources for valuable raw materials • Sedative or stimulating plant extracts • Extracts used as additives for sun protection Most of the drugs with dermatological use belong to the group possessing antiinflammatory activity; some of these species are listed in Tab. 2. Another group with a similar high importance consists of drugs presenting predominantly wound-healing properties (Tab. 3). Most of the drugs mentioned here are already registered and recommended by the German Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Products in its positive monographs for the supplementary treatment of skin ailments and wounds, the so-called Commission E. Tab. 2: Drugs possessing anti-inflammatory activity species plant component application/effectiveness Juglans regia leaves, fruit peels dermatitis, ulceration Avena sativa herb skin disease Quercus robur bark slight skin inflammations Arnica montana flowers furunculosis Chamomilla recutita flowers surface-phlebitis Hamamelis virgiana flowers/bark astringent, hemostatic Plantago lanceolata herb inflammatory skin diseases, antibacterial, astringent Tab. 3: Drugs possessing wound-healing properties species plant component application/effectiveness Echinacea purpurea herb wounds closing up very slowly Equisetum arvense herb improvement of wound healing Calendula officinalis flowers improvement of wound healing Hypericum perforatum herb first degree burns Chamomilla recutita flowers lesions of skin surface Populus species leaves/stems lesions of skin surface, sunburn Capsella bursa pastoris herb bleeding skin lesions 184

Utilisation of plant genetic resources for valuable raw materials<br />

• Sedative or stimulating plant extracts<br />

• Extracts used as additives for sun protection<br />

Most of the drugs with dermatological use belong to the group possessing antiinflammatory<br />

activity; some of these species are listed in Tab. 2. Another group with<br />

a similar high importance consists of drugs presenting predominantly wound-healing<br />

properties (Tab. 3).<br />

Most of the drugs mentioned here are already registered and recommended by the<br />

German Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Products in its positive monographs<br />

for the supplementary treatment of skin ailments and wounds, the so-called<br />

Commission E.<br />

Tab. 2: Drugs possessing anti-inflammatory activity<br />

species plant component application/effectiveness<br />

Juglans regia leaves, fruit peels dermatitis, ulceration<br />

Avena sativa herb skin disease<br />

Quercus robur bark slight skin inflammations<br />

Arnica montana flowers furunculosis<br />

Chamomilla recutita flowers surface-phlebitis<br />

Hamamelis virgiana flowers/bark astringent, hemostatic<br />

Plantago lanceolata herb inflammatory skin diseases, antibacterial,<br />

astringent<br />

Tab. 3: Drugs possessing wound-healing properties<br />

species plant component application/effectiveness<br />

Echinacea purpurea herb wounds closing up very slowly<br />

Equisetum arvense herb improvement of wound healing<br />

Calendula officinalis flowers improvement of wound healing<br />

Hypericum perforatum herb first degree burns<br />

Chamomilla recutita flowers lesions of skin surface<br />

Populus species leaves/stems lesions of skin surface, sunburn<br />

Capsella bursa pastoris herb bleeding skin lesions<br />

184

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