Schriften zu Genetischen Ressourcen - Genres

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R.N. LESTER and M.-C. DAUNAY sistance), and as it becomes more domesticated it becomes more acceptable as a crop and is spread further away from its place of origin (LESTER 1989). Solanum aethiopicum Kumba Group, which occurs from Burkina Faso to Senegal (LESTER et al. 1986), seems to be a very good example of a crop that is cultivated almost entirely outside the natural range of its ancestor, S. anguivi (across Africa from Guinea to Ethiopia and south to South Africa), and that has lost the function of many of its genes. So, in order to find disease resistance to breed into S. aethiopicum, S. melongena and S. macrocarpon, we must look at the many wild African species, in particular those of sections Melongena and Oliganthes (DAUNAY et al. 1999), many of them being crossable with one or another of these three cultigens (DAUNAY et al. 1991, 1998). Conclusions In this paper we have attempted to introduce the reader to the four main African vegetable Solanum species, and also to the diversity within each cultigen and its close wild relatives. We have displayed the different levels of knowledge of each of these species. We have also emphasised the incongruities between morphological and molecular diversity both within and between the domesticates and their wild relatives. This has led us on to conclusions that most of the diversity in domesticates is due to loss of gene function or genetic control. VAVILOV (1951) considered whether the genes for characters of domesticates were present in wild populations of the progenitors as rare recessive alleles which were then selected during domestication, whereas most others have presumed that the new traits of the domesticates are due to new or mutated genes with new biochemical functions (HAWKES 1983). We believe that Vavilov was almost right, in that there are not new genes but rather the loss of function of various genes of the wild progenitor. Acknowledgements We are very grateful to IPK, Gatersleben, which paid for Lester to attend the Mansfeld Symposium, and to Prof. Jack Hawkes for corrections to this paper. References AL-ANI, M.N. (1991): Biosystematic study in the genus Solanum section Oliganthes. - Ph.D. thesis, Univ. Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K., 283 pp. BITTER, G. (1923): Solana africana, part IV. - Repert. Sp. nov. 16, 1-320. 149
Diversity of African vegetable Solanum Species BUKENYA, Z.R. and J.F. CARASCO (1994): Biosystematic study of Solanum macrocarpon-S. dasyphyllum complex in Uganda and relations with Solanum linnaeanum. - East African Agric. For. Jour. 59, 187-204. BUKENYA, Z.R. and J.F. CARASCO (1999): Ethnobotanical aspects of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Uganda. In: M. NEE, D.E. SYMON, R.N. LESTER and J.P. JESSOP (Eds.), Solanaceae IV: Advances in Biology and Utilization. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, U.K., pp. 345-360. CHILD, A. and R.N. LESTER (2001): Synopsis of the genus Solanum L. and its infrageneric taxa. In: R.G. VAN DEN BERG, G.W.M. BARENDSE, G.M. VAN DER WEERDEN and C. MARIANI (Eds.), Solanaceae V: Advances in Taxonomy and Utilization. Nijmegen Univ. Press, Netherlands, pp. 39-52. DARWIN, C. (1868): The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication. - Murray, London. 2 vols., 566 + 605 pp. DAUNAY, M.-C., A. DALMON and R.N. LESTER (1999): Management of a collection of Solanum species for eggplant (Solanum melongena) breeding purposes. In: M. NEE, D.E. SYMON, R.N. LESTER and J.P. JESSOP (Eds.), Solanaceae IV: Advances in Biology and Utilization. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, U.K., pp. 369-383. DAUNAY, M.-C., R.N. LESTER and G. ANO (2001a): Cultivated eggplants. In: A. CHARRIER, M. JACQUOT, S. HAMON and D. NICOLAS (Eds.), Tropical Plant Breeding. Oxford University Press, Oxford, U.K., pp. 200-225. DAUNAY M.-C., R.N. LESTER, A. DALMON, M. FERRI, W. KAPILIMA, M.M. POVEDA- AGUILAR and E. JULLIAN (1998): The use of wild genetic resources for eggplant (Solanum melongena) breeding. II: Crossability and fertility of interspecific hybrids. In: A. PALLOIX and M.-C. DAUNAY (Eds.), Proc. Xth EUCARPIA Meeting on Genetics and Breeding of Capsicum and Eggplant, 7-11 Sept 1998, Avignon, France. INRA, Paris, pp. 19-24. DAUNAY, M.-C., R.N. LESTER and H. LATERROT (1991): The use of wild species for the genetic improvement of brinjal egg-plant (Solanum melongena) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). In: J.G. HAWKES, R.N. LESTER, M. NEE and N. ESTRADA-R. (Eds.), Solanaceae III: Taxonomy, Chemistry, Evolution. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, pp. 389-412. DAUNAY M.-C., R.N. LESTER, C. GEBHARDT, J.W. HENNART, M. JAHN, A. FRARY and S. DOGANLAR (2001b): Genetic resources of eggplant (Solanum melongena) and allied species: a new challenge for molecular geneticists and eggplant breeders. In: R.G. VAN DEN BERG, G.W.M. BARENDSE, G.M. VAN DER WEERDEN and C. MARIANI (Eds.), Solanaceae V: Advances in Taxonomy and Utilization. Nijmegen Univ. Press, Netherlands, pp. 251-274. DAVIDSON, B. (1972): Africa: History of a Continent. - Hamlyn, London, 320 pp. DEHMER, K.J. (2001): Conclusions on the taxonomy of the Solanum nigrum complex by molecular analyses of IPK germplasm accessions. In: R.G. VAN DEN BERG, G.W.M. BARENDSE, G.M. VAN DER WEERDEN and C. MARIANI (Eds.), Solanaceae V: Advances in Taxonomy and Utilization. Nijmegen Univ. Press, Netherlands, pp. 85-96. 150
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Schriften zu Genetischen Ressourcen
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Preface Preface In October 2001, th
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Preface Asia. M. CHAUVET (Montpelli
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Table of contents Table of contents
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Table of contents Utilisation of pl
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Table of contents Federal Informati
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Recollections of Rudolf Mansfeld Af
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Recollections of Rudolf Mansfeld Ma
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Recollections of Rudolf Mansfeld MA
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R. Mansfeld’s scientific influenc
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History of Plant Genetic Resources
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History of Plant Genetic Resources
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Mansfeld's Encyclopedia of Agricult
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The "Mansfeld Database" in its nati
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The "Mansfeld Database" in its nati
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A Species Compendium for Plant Gene
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Some notes on problems of taxonomy
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Theoretical and practical problems
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Development of Vavilov’s concept
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Multiple domestications and their t
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Ethnobotanical studies on cultivate
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Page 109 and 110: Inventorying food plants in France
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Structure of table ScientificName L
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Genebank work for preservation of t
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Genebank work for preservation of t
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206 S. CHEBOTAR, M.S. RÖDER, V. KO
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Molecular diversity in the genus Am
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A. DIEDERICHSEN, D. KESSLER, P. KUS
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A. DIEDERICHSEN, D. KESSLER, P. KUS
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D. ENNEKING and H. KNÜPFFER Fishin
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References D. ENNEKING and H. KNÜP
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A.A. FILATENKO, K. PISTRICK, H. KN
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Pyrus L. Secale L. Sorbus L. Trifol
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Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi et Oh
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Lycopersicon Mill. Nicotiana L. Sal
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Pyrus communis L. Trachomitum sarma
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R. macropetalus Dougl. ex Hook. R.
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U. FREYTAG, G.H. BUCK-S ORLIN and B
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Tab. 1: Actual European strawberry
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H. GRAUSGRUBER, H. BOINTNER, R. TUM
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yield / plant (g) resistance score
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H. GRAUSGRUBER, H. BOINTNER, R. TUM
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E.R.J. KELLER, A. SENULA and H. SCH
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Molecular mapping and geographical
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English translation of the 1979 Rus
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Development and evaluation of a Bra
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Maca (Lepidium meyenii) - cultivati
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Maca (Lepidium meyenii) - cultivati
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Mansfeld's Encyclopedia and Databas
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Mansfeld's Encyclopedia and Databas
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The Information System On Plant Gen
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The Information System On Plant Gen
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Characterisation of spring barley g
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Evaluation of genetic resources for
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Establishment of a German Network f
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Establishment of a German Network f
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Central register for biological res
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Central register for biological res
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Federal Information System Genetic
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Federal Information System Genetic
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Identification of novel interspecif
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Morphological characters in garlic
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Resynthesised Brassica napus as a g
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Resynthesised Brassica napus as a g
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Temperate homegardens of small alpi
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List of participants List of Partic
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List of participants Fischer, Manfr
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List of participants Lühs, Wilfrie
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List of participants Ruge, Brigitte
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