means of redemption and at thesame time as a consecration of thecondition of purity attained bythe disciple after a long period offasting and meditation. This rite wasalso practised upon the dying, tohelp the passing of the soul to theGreat Beyond. In such a case, theConsolamentum could also be givenby a member of the family, or bya woman, provided he or she hadalready received the sacrament; thatis, that the mediator be fully andspiritually qualified to bestow it upon the dying.The ordination as a Perfect was alsoconferred by the Consolamentum, and even towoman, who were then consecrated deaconesses.Each community of Christian Cathars had at leastone deaconess. In Western Europe, women weresecond or even third class citizens, but in Catharsociety, women and men were equal.They were individualists and believed thatthere was no road to evolution except throughpersonal work and personal effort. Whatever yourstanding in society might be, noble or peasant,the same consideration was granted to all. Themost humble of workers had as much right astheir bishops to attunement with the Cosmic Spiritand the only things that mattered were purityand perfection. The humblest neophyte therefore,could aspire to the highest spiritual developmentand attainment.Cathar BeliefsTheir beliefs about marriage in particular weredistorted by false reports and misunderstandingsof their adversaries in the Inquisition. Someauthors claim that they were against marriage andpreached abstinence and celibacy for all. But thatis inconsistent with their faith in reincarnation,for how could man be reborn upon this Earthif marriage and the family were condemnableinstitutions?Certainly they held the state of celibacy inhigh regard, but that was only for the Perfects, thosewho had already attained the required condition ofpurity as a means of liberation of the senses and ofA stone dove representing theHoly Spirit: One of the few knownsurviving artefacts recovered fromthe site of Montsegur.The first great centres of Catharism inthe South of France were at Montpellierand Narbonne.a lessening of his or her karma andreincarnations. For the men andwomen who had to live “normal”lives however, they acknowledgedthe necessity of marriage, thoughthe only valuable sacrament in suchcase was the true union of twosouls.Among married people, thosewho received the Consolamentumwere at times authorised byhusband, or wife as the case maybe, to break the bond of marriage sothey could devote the rest of their lives to greaterpurification and more absolute asceticism.Such was their probity that the giving oftheir word was sufficient bond and they refused totake oaths. In this regard they adhered strictly tothe spirit of the 2 nd and 8 th commandments. This inparticular was regarded as seditious, as oaths werewhat bound medieval society together: man to hisfeudal superior and man to church.OccitàniaThe Occitanian civilisation of the south of Francehas all but faded into the mists of time. So successfulwere the papal crusades against the Catharsof the Languedoc that nowadays we findbut faint echoes of a land of peace, love andcivilisation that once existed where France andSpain now meet.Here was a land where the blendingof several races produced a strong, independentindividuals, and where the Cathar teachers foundpropitious soil for the spreading of their religiousideas. The sum of their knowledge was translatedinto Occitanian. At this time Occitània had moreCathar Cross etched in stone.14The Rosicrucian Beacon -- June 2008
in common with Aragon and Cataloniathan it did with the north of France.Their language was very similar to theCatalan language. From now on, in thisarticle I choose to use the names thatthey called themselves, rather than theFrench names you will find in most ofthe books about the Cathars.This whole region had remainedimpregnated with ancient Romancivilisation and refinement. The noblesand knights, the Counts of Toulouse, the Countsof Foix and the Viscounts of Béziers, were learnedscholars; and the burgesses were distinguishedand emancipated minds. Esclarmonda de Foix, aromantic figure of medieval legend, and sister ofRaimon-Rogièr, Count of Foix was initiated intothe Cathar faith, as was Raimon-Rogièr’s wifePhilippa. Count Raimon VI of Toulouse, thoughnot adopting their religion, openly favoured them,even taking sides with them at times against theRoman Catholic clergy.The first great centres of Catharism in theSouth of France were at Montpellier and Narbonne;from there they spread across the Pyrenees intoSpain. Later on, Toulouse was their headquarters,and they had several bishops in Albi. In fact, itis from the name of that town that they werecalled “Albigenses” as well as Cathars, and thename Albigensian has remained attached to thepersecutions they suffered at the hands of theRoman Catholic Church in many places suchas Béziers, Carcassonne, Agen and Razès.The unusual purity of life of theCathars was a great contrast to the appallinglicentiousness and simony of the Catholicclergy of that epoch. While the Cathars weresolely devoted to the welfare of the people, nursingand healing them, the Catholic clergy extortedtithes from the people, kept mistresses and sold allsacraments. Indeed, they were like the merchantsin the Temple that Jesus drove out.We have therefore on the one hand Catharmen and women, renowned as weavers, agriculturalworkers, doctors and educators, who conformed asclosely as possible to the accepted Christian codeof life, and on the other hand, we have a Catholicclergy of immense corruption and materialism.Moreover the prelates of Rome were often temporallords with considerable estates and wealth, caringmore for power and for the good of their owndynasties than for the welfare and spiritual healthOccitan Crossof the people. The popes occupiedthe position of “vicar of God” muchmore for political reasons than for anydefence of Christian principles, and itis not surprising therefore that so manyordinary people sympathised with theCathars, whilst the corruption of theclergy kept the mass of followers awayfrom the Roman Catholic Church.There was also a deep seatedantagonism between the clergy andnobility of Occitània, for the nobility extendedhelp to those whose extreme purity of life anddisinterest in material wealth had won theirrespect. Furthermore, whereas the Cathars were nothreat to the nobility’s temporal power, the RomanCatholic clergy most definitely was. The Catharswere, we may say, socially and spiritually, severalcenturies in advance of their time. One of the mostrenowned of their ministers was Guilabert deCastres, who was Bishop of Toulouse and whosepreaching and popularity gave much trouble tothe Catholic Church at the beginning of the 13 thcentury. He openly censured the corruption of theCatholic clergy and it was only a matter of timebefore things came to a head.The Cathars believed that an unworthyperson, i.e., one who did not live the teachingsof Christ, had no right to minister to others.Title was nothing for them, and they lookedonly to the intrinsic value of the individual. TheTitle was nothing for them, and theylooked only to the intrinsic value of theindividual.poorest labourer, if his mode of living and spiritualstandards were high, was more qualified to becomea minister than a man who had been ordained apriest merely by fiat from Rome. Ordination meantnothing to them.This type of preaching was therefore adirect attack against the mandates of Rome.The simplicity of the lives of those mystics andtheir disinterestedness in temporal power wereconsidered revolutionary. Their teachings were amost dangerous heresy, and a transgression againstthe established dogma of Roman Catholicism.Condemned by the PopeCondemned as Manichaeans, this was sufficientpretext for Rome to order a crusade against theThe Rosicrucian Beacon -- June 200815