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REFERENCES▲▲Figure 8. Heavily damaged wooden house.CONCLUSIONSWe performed a response analysis using strong ground motionsand carried out damage investigation around seismic stationslocated within the area of the February 2011 Christchurch,New Zealand, earthquake. We confirmed the relationshipbetween the 1–2-second response and heavy damage to buildings.However, some results did not correlate with the level ofdamage to buildings. We believe that these seemingly incongruousoccurrences are explained by the popularity of masonryconstruction in New Zealand, because the period correspondingto damage of masonry buildings popular in New Zealandis shorter than 1–2 seconds.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSWe thank JMA, Osaka Gas, and the Railway TechnicalResearch Institute for providing strong ground motion recordsof the Kobe earthquake. We wish to express our gratitude tothe local people who cooperated with us during our investigations.Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ), ed. (1980). Report on the DamageInvestigation of the 1978 Miyagiken-oki Earthquake. Tokyo:Architectural Institute of Japan.Davenport, P. N. (2004). Review of seismic provisions of historic NewZealand loading codes, 2004. New Zealand Society for EarthquakeEngineering Conference, 19–21 March 2004, Rotorua, NewZealand. Paper 17, Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Society forEarthquake Engineering.Iizuka, H., and Y. Sakai (2009). Proposal of hysteresis characteristicsmodel in seismic response analysis using single-degree-of-freedomsystem for wooden house. Journal of Japan Association forEarthquake Engineering 9 (1), 113–127.Kumamoto, T., and Y. Sakai (2007). Actual strength distribution ofRC buildings considering non-structural members. Summaries ofTechnical Papers of Annual Meeting Architectural Institute of Japan2007, B-2 311–312, Tokyo: Architectural Institute of Japan.Okada, S., and N. Takai (1999). Classifications of structural types anddamage patterns of buildings for earthquake field investigation.Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions ofAIJ) 52, 65–72.Sakai, Y., and H. Iizuka (2009). A wooden house cluster model for earthquakedamage estimation by nonlinear response analyses. Journal ofJapan Association for Earthquake Engineering 9 (1), 32–45.Sakai, Y., T. Kanno, and K. Koketsu (2002). Method of calculating seismicintensities considering structural damage and human bodysense. 11th Earthquake Engineering Symposium, CD-ROM, paperno. 4, Tokyo: 11th Japan Earthquake Engineering Symposium.Sakai, Y., T. Kanno, and K. Koketsu (2004). Proposal of instrumentalseismic intensity scale from response spectra in various periodranges. Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering(Transactions of AIJ) 585, 71–76.Sakai, Y., K. Koketsu, and T. Kanno (2002). Proposal of the destructivepower index of strong ground motion for prediction of buildingdamage ratio. Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering(Transactions of AIJ) 555, 85–91.Sakai, Y., and Y. Nakamura (2004). Investigation on destructive powerindices of strong ground motions using building damage data andstrong ground motion records by the 1994 Northridge, California,earthquake. Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering(Transactions of AIJ) 584, 59–63.Takeda, T., M. A. Sozen, and N. N. Nielsen (1970). Reinforced concreteresponse to simulated earthquakes. ASCE Journal of the StructuralDivision 96 (ST12), 2, 557–2,573.Graduate School of Systems and Information EngineeringUniversity of Tsukuba, Japan1-13-13-205, Sakura, Tsukuba-shi, 305-0003, Japaniizuka_h@edu.esys.tsukuba.ac.jp(H. I.)Seismological Research Letters Volume 82, Number 6 November/December 2011 881