Narcotics research, rehabilitation, and treatment. Hearings, Ninety ...

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;86Figure 3.—Tones of wheat (W) and oats (O) differ when recorded by an airbornemultilens camera filtered to three spectral regions (0.38 to 0.44 micron, at left0.62 to 0.68, center; and 0.58 to 0.89, at right).[Data Collected by Purdue University Agronomy Farm.]to include simultaneous observation in many spectral bands and computeranalysis of the data.I am not aware of opium poppies having been observed by thesemethods, but it is reasonable to expect that they would be readily discernible;perhaps even by single band, rather than multispectral, sensing."VVliat is needed is a set of experiments to establish which approachproduces the desired information with reference to opiumpoppy cultivation. It should be possible to use either an establishedpoppyfield or a specially prepared one and to overfly it with equipmentdesigned for spectral analysis. The signatures of poppies couldthus be obtained and examined for uniqueness. Once unique, characteristicimages are obtained from the test bed, the appropriate apparatuswould be used in an operational test to determine what, if any,real-life difficulties might be encountered. Further refinement of thetechnique would follow.Remote sensing from aircraft is very likely to be successful in locatingopium fields. Similar observations from satellites, particularlyfrom NASA's Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS), aresomewhat less certain to produce useful results. The multispectralsensing devices on the initial ERTS spacecraft will provide resolutionof objects down to about 300 or 400 feet. The smallest opium fieldsare said to be about i/^ acre or typically about 150 feet in linear dimension.It is possible, but not at all certain, that a distinctive signatureof that size will be discernible by an instrument with the resolutionavailable on ERTS. Needed is experimental determination of thepoppy signatures and some experience with the real capabilities of theERTS instruments. We must also consider future instruments thatmay provide finer resolution and other favorable characteristics.Trace?' TechnologyTracers, or tag identifiers, can be used to identify captured samplesas coming from the same sources. It may be possible to introduce trac-
87fuONIS)O•J33j•n^> t3i6£ 'Î Si -h «Q .2-to8>§fcl.1auTf
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NARCOTICS RESEARCH, REHABILITATION,
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::VEXHIBIT NO. 4 (a) AND (b)Eddy, D
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urden that such addiction imposes u
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1 (lata; (->) the sliariiis" oF iii
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9Chairman Pepper. The committee is
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::11quota production from unrecogni
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13in this country. This raises the
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15from other clinical projects of w
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:17practice, experience has indicat
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;19.I think a quota would be better
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21When methadone was first introduc
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:::::.—23American Society of Phar
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_'—25.I'BOCUREMENT AND ISSUE DATA
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'.28Fiscal years-1967 1968 1969 197
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30rally in opium. By indirect, the
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32We can, I think, most helpfully g
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34so intense that we haven't done v
Page 48 and 49: Dr. Eddy. Well, physicians, usually
Page 50 and 51: 38Dr. Eddy. No.Chairman Pepper. Now
Page 52 and 53: :40get away with it as Dr. Keats su
Page 54 and 55: :—:42public health hazard was jud
Page 56 and 57: :44Bibliography(1 Nathan B. Eddy. "
Page 58 and 59: 46(52) Nathan B. Eddy. "Dilaudid."
Page 60 and 61: 48(98) "The New Narcotics, Post-gra
Page 62 and 63: ^.50
Page 64 and 65: 52entails the consideration of addi
Page 66 and 67: 54Chairman Pepper. Have you found t
Page 68 and 69: 56^.I wonder would you care to comm
Page 70 and 71: 58Chairman Pepper. Without objectio
Page 72 and 73: —1958-681959-«419691962-64196219
Page 74 and 75: —62abuse and has brought about th
Page 76 and 77: 64bank robbery or an assault. You d
Page 78 and 79: 66Mr. Wiggins. Would the stopping o
Page 80 and 81: 68—Chairman Pepper. Can you give
Page 82 and 83: :70The problem then would be the wi
Page 84 and 85: ;72taking exceptional measures in t
Page 86 and 87: )—74pay serious attention to this
Page 88 and 89: ;76From 1958 to 1961, he served as
Page 90 and 91: 78deine in painkilling drugs. So if
Page 92 and 93: ;80ning capabilities, responsibilit
Page 94 and 95: ;:;82terials. If they could introdu
Page 96 and 97: 84Figure 1infrared Ektachrome film
Page 100 and 101: 88ers at the poppyfields or at any
Page 102 and 103: :90;:tional situations has handicap
Page 104 and 105: ;;92Locating illicit opium cropsDet
Page 106 and 107: 94Jaffe. Well, there would be some
Page 108 and 109: 96Mr. Jaffe. Primarily on the fact
Page 110 and 111: 98in the same ball park about what
Page 112 and 113: 100Chairman Pepper. Mr, Waldie, do
Page 114 and 115: ::102agencies and input data would
Page 116 and 117: 104most facilities are barely able
Page 118 and 119: ;106We have also studied a ^roup of
Page 120 and 121: 108Dr. Gearing. Yes, sir; I would n
Page 122 and 123: 110somethino: in the nei
Page 124 and 125: 112program is put into the machiner
Page 126 and 127: I114you have some data there that s
Page 128 and 129: 116Dr. Gearing. It depends on what
Page 130 and 131: 118Chairman Pepper. Would you have
Page 132 and 133: 120it not be so that we could proje
Page 134 and 135: .122admission rate was approximatel
Page 136 and 137: 124BESULTS(1) Although many of the
Page 138 and 139: 1262. All the members of the methad
Page 140 and 141: 128HETHADOHE MAINTENANCE TREATMENT
Page 142 and 143: 11 1 1 1 1 11130Methadone Halnten?n
Page 144 and 145: 132TABLE 2.-METHAD0NE MAINTENANCE T
Page 146 and 147: 134Figure 9 Methadone tlaintenance
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136Methadone Ka'ntanance Treatmf:nt
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:::.::.138Appendix A^—Methadone M
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140nance treatment patients showing
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142Figure 3 •lethadone Kaintenanc
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144Dr. DuPoNT. 1,760 on methadone m
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:146there are dramatic reductions i
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148Health insurance coverage for me
Page 162 and 163:
150Dr. DtjPont. Well, there are no
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152Mr. Blommer. You would agree the
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154done. Where is the evidence ? No
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156There are several reasons a pers
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158It would seem to me a very busy
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160we had before. I don't think it
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162heroin addiction and support all
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164Dr. DuPoNT. I am reluctant to ge
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166Using this figure as rule of thu
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)168ment facilities for heroin addi
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.170parole departments. None were c
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::172Table 2.— Selected character
Page 186 and 187:
174TABLE 3.—HEROIN ADDICTION RATE
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176W.a^^cc-V.c Cffv..AdF-ro ftcoKjL
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178.^06V f\QrK-'SEt GôuP/AJ6SIS're
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I180*i coo)u->CM>—'CMUJCOO O COa>
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I(/I182esiMmin0)^> oo.00 =E|c O.2 o
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184encouraged to return to methadon
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186or other side effects. This incr
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:188number as that on the bottle. W
Page 202 and 203:
190Attachment ThreeTo all medical s
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-jI IALLI192ATTACHMENT- FIVE,J: IPA
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194ATTACHMENT NINEGOVERNMENT OF THE
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......—196half of the addicts sta
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198CONCLUSIONSCertain patterns emer
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200TABLE 5.— PROFILE OF BARBITUAR
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202TABLE ll.-SUPPORT OF HEROIN HABI
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204TABLE 17.-AGE OF ADDICTS AND NON
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206TABLE 23.—PRESENT MARITAL STAT
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208TABLE 28.-MILITARY SERVICEAddict
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:210The committee is pleased to cal
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212sists of a network of 21 geograp
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214(6) Basic studies on the nature
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216in fact, constitute autonomous o
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Chairman Pepper. Mr. Perito?218;; M
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^'220is not a very forgiving drug.
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'222Furthermore, in our present con
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—224the Federal Government decide
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-—I have presented one generic ki
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,clinic;?,>•
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230I realize we are running late.Do
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''232'']Vir. Winn. Tiien you mentio
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234So having put it in the area, ha
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,Memberships'—i236privilege of co
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;238A central hypothermic response
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;240South Bronx, Bedford-Stuyvesant
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242€are of patient addicts. We ha
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244hospitals in the city, came into
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246that came into my office, and I
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'Mr.;>•/nmo'.i,,;248deputy commis
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:250two Rockefeller Institute physi
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:252during pliase II that serious e
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254well-structured methadone mainte
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;:256nonsense and serves only to ad
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:258you best complete your statemen
Page 272 and 273:
260Mr. Pertto. Based upon your expe
Page 274 and 275:
262A a'reat case in point was a con
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«264Mr. Steiger. Did you discuss w
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—:266Mr. HoRAN. We don't support
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268Mr. Horan, let's back up a littl
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270It is not up to heroin or morphi
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272nesses yesterday who brought out
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274;Mr. Perito. It is my understand
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276So that at the end of the week t
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278steroid he lias in him we might
Page 292 and 293:
280Mr. Perito. You are referriii"'
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282not drug free. I can say approxi
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28 A$2-a-day habit these individual
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•As286I got to the point once in
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288Mr. Steiger. You mentioned anoxi
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290Mr. Eangel. I could see then tha
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292Dr. Casriel. Mr. Keating, I have
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j294What period of time are ^ve tal
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296was March of 1970—he was admit
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298"The paper by Dole and Nyswander
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:300vent them from coming to New Yo
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302[Exhibit No.14(b)]Casriel Instit
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304to result from the insuflScient
Page 318 and 319:
306It is this role of the intervent
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308EESULTSStudies concerning tlie p
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310The method derives from a specia
Page 324 and 325:
312Why is this happening? What need
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m)effective with uncured alcoholics
Page 328 and 329:
I316Casriel, who is medical-psychia
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318resort to heroin. One must not f
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.320in Permanent Cure of Narcotic A
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322!(4) '-Modification of Adaptatio
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324sections of the country, all sor
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;Mr.Pertto.niuch,I?,Mr. Peritq. Tha
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328Chairman Pepper. Mr. Steiger.Mr.
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, Mr., In''wMr, WiNx.nltiiink tlie
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:332"Stomach cramps" were found to
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'i.We334'""^li'anTOanlÊTPPEiL That
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:))))336would be deprived of any cl
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338less abuse liability than agents
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Page 355 and 356:
CONTENTSApril 26 1April 27 77April
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:•vEXHIBIT NO. 4 (a) AND (b)Eddy,
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:lovernor,vnEXHIBIT NO. 21 (a) and
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342have no desire to preempt the au
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344We hope these hearings will prov
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346tons in 1962 and to 155 tons in
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348SOUTHEAST ASIAAs you know also,
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350I would also point out as I did
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352their farmers who have been grow
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354told that much of the insurgency
Page 376 and 377:
356Mr. IxGERSOLL. Well, again, Mr.
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358jority of the heroin problem in
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360years, but I have been frustrate
Page 382 and 383:
362Mr, Steiger. If you were goin^ t
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364report marihuana among junior gr
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366And it seems to me tliat we Avou
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?368effectively, then maybe we will
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370improvement as far as the abilit
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372was there. Your visits probably
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374the purchase of Avitnesses—I s
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:376administrations to publicly say
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378Chairman Pepper. We will take a
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380Mr. Ingersoll. No. I don't recal
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:382can fulfill the vow made by the
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384have to give you the same answer
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386Mr. Brasco. But that is another
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388Mr. Ingeksoll. Well, that is the
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-39,3,Dr. Edwards held a surgical f
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395of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs
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397Naloxone, recently approved for
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399for example, who might be abusin
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401Now, because of our attention ha
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403and this is only for the investi
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405effects this drug will produce i
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407Now, if it is not used intravene
Page 429 and 430:
409Mr. Wiggins. Dr. Jennings, does
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411Penicillin is good for pneumonia
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413Mr. R ANGEL. But from the studie
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415Dr. Gardner. Again, we don't hav
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417Dr. Edwards. I suspect it at lea
Page 439 and 440:
419On the other hand, if serious si
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421of the best known programs. Alth
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423Medical Association, American Ps
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425of the United States Pharmacopei
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4275. Repeated examinations. Physic
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429agement and rehabilitation of se
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—431As the agenc.v within HEW whi
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433and complex acts such as driving
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435(Inig induces physical and psych
Page 457 and 458:
437Chiiirmtin Pepper. Doctor, I thi
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439A large proportion of youngsters
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441Dr. Brown, what would you say is
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443Chairmiui Pepper. Wliat is tlie
Page 465 and 466:
446The state of the art is promisin
Page 467 and 468:
447Lot nie ask you first, is tlic d
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449Chairman Pepper. Do you happen t
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451want you to take a look at. We w
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453In addition to that, there seems
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455the Mfldict is having a program
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457—on drugs? By that I mean, vei
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459\\ e are basically saying, in or
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—;461that this is the extent to w
Page 483 and 484:
463We could go into the drug area a
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.465program that was i)ut into Jack
Page 487 and 488:
467Mr. Brasco. Possibly. However, w
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469him, arrange to get somebody els
Page 491 and 492:
471ainpheta.mines, or barbiturates.
Page 493 and 494:
473In the meantime, the Institute d
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475treated in the community centers
Page 497 and 498:
477research on narcotics in the sam
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479c 53 03E
Page 501 and 502:
Page 503 and 504:
483spending for research through NI
Page 505 and 506:
485There has been no concerted seri
Page 507 and 508:
487it is left in one of their veins
Page 509 and 510:
489I do not think I should explain
Page 511 and 512:
491Dr. ViLLARREAL. Until the reflex
Page 513 and 514:
493evidence strongly shows is that
Page 515 and 516:
495Chairman Pepper. One other quest
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497Dr. ViLLARREAL. So, it is a biol
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'.499could result in a laboratory s
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5qifinds it in normal exploration.
Page 523 and 524:
503synthesized a large number of na
Page 525 and 526:
505STATEMENT OE DR. ALBERT KURLAND,
Page 527 and 528:
507discovered if we iiad taken the
Page 529 and 530:
509Mr. Perito. Dr. Kurland, do you
Page 531 and 532:
511Chairman Pepper. Has the Food an
Page 533 and 534:
513]Mr. Steiger. Do you feel from y
Page 535 and 536:
515In this second study there was a
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517were any significant differences
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519The Deceptive Communication and
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.522than a State psychiatric hospit
Page 544 and 545:
524Department of Mental Hygiene), R
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TABLE 3—COMPARISON OF THE 1ST POS
Page 548 and 549:
528TABLE 10—RELATIONSHIP OF AGE T
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530tution and his involvement in th
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Attachment No. 5;r\ N-CH,-CH=CHo ,
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'-534Chart No. U (case No. 672)Disp
Page 556 and 557:
536Chart No. 4 (case No. 694)Illust
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538Chart No. 35 {case No. 697)Excep
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540This amount of heroin is roughly
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5msuccessful or not in that short a
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544Chairman Pepper. Would you repea
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54^creased amount of licit as well
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—54Sand the bureaucracy and the a
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,,Mr.550you have used some of the s
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552so many areas is also a pitiful
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55,4nitiide of heroin addiction in
Page 576 and 577:
556reached $976.5 billion, we can w
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558Mr. Jones was appointed to the c
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560cant when you consider that Out
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562criminal act in his lifetime. Ye
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—564Mr. Perito. Would it be fair
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566Now, Dr. Cliambers, can yon resp
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—568Mr. Raxgel. Our distinguished
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;-570Mr. Jones. That is correct. Ou
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572the commissioner, $186 million i
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574there should be something in the
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576and the way in which the funds a
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57SDr. Chambers. I think wliat you
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580Education is the best way of pre
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58-2Certain essential facts must re
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584done through determined action,
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586druffs, has the Nation's largest
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:588To repeat, methadone maintenanc
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:590I believe the Federal Governmen
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:take no such satisfaction. We have
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594of value in the testimony you ha
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596gone ahead with several. We have
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598force within our State Police De
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60PRased on the proposed goal of 2.
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602STATEMENT OF HON. MILTON SIIAPP,
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(51)4and apprehend the wholesalers
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J'606[Exhibit No. 23Prepared Statem
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608Under our 1071-72 budget proposa
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GIOcenters for the treatment of her
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. Dr.612Bourne informs me that we h
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614Governors in Atlanta to which re
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616pretty bad news, because it indi
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618Scientific statistical ioformati
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620((')) Finally, I believe that al
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622Governor Carter. I certainly rec
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624programs that are now available,
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626all of the top officials in the
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628perhaps greater than some of the
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)630tion and many others attempting
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632(3) Long term residential self-h
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634for the support of drug service
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:636D. NARCO, Inc.Narcotics Addicti
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638crimes to obtain the necessary m
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640million to $25 milliou per year.
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642Mr. Perito. Thank yoii. Mr. Chai
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644narcotic antagonist, and the oth
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646. Dr. Kramer. From what I have s
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—(348your money on, but methadone
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—650I know of no techinque in pri
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652Dr. Kramer. Yes, sir. As a matte
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:'654prison and who liave no—wlio
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65GDr. KT?A:\rEij. 1 suspect tliat
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658support some of the inethadone p
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'6660Dr. IvKAisrKK. 1 believe that
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662jrest that the Veterans' Adminis
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664opiates may be ingested in sever
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666(5) It suppresses the desire for
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668Many people have benefited from
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—G70Other researches which may di
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672synthetic painkillers, our commi
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074IV. A universal ban on legitimat
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..676iTlius we must look to educati
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678states, from Arnold Becker, publ
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680However, we must look at rehabil
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:682(a) The natural history of narc
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684was a heavy user. The decrease i
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686(13) Wallace. R. K. : Physiologi
Page 708 and 709:
688TABLE 9.-USE OF "HARD LIQUOR" BE
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