Narcotics research, rehabilitation, and treatment. Hearings, Ninety ...
Narcotics research, rehabilitation, and treatment. Hearings, Ninety ... Narcotics research, rehabilitation, and treatment. Hearings, Ninety ...
78deine in painkilling drugs. So if we cannot eliminate that legitimateneed for the growing of the opium poppy, it will continue to be grownand the farmer, at least according to the pattern of the past, will continueto divert a part of his crop into the black market maintained bythe international organized crime syndicate.In order to eliminate the necessity for importing certain derivativesof opium for medicinal purposes, we are asking the scientific communityof our country if there caimot be developed synthetic substitutesfor morphine and codeine so there wouldn't be a legitimate needfor the growing of the opium poppy anywhere in the world.The other aspect of this hearing is to find blockage drugs whichwill prevent the addict taking heroin from experiencing any sensationfrom it. So if you take that blockage drug, you might as well nottake the heroin, because you don't derive any sense of satisfaction fromthe taking of it. That is the reason we are engaged in this scientificinquiry into these areas.We have received testimony from Assistant Secretary of the TreasuryEugene T. Rossides, who told us that the total eradication of opiumcultivation, accompanied by domestic reliance upon synthetic substitutes,would be a definite plus to the law enforcement communitycharged with the responsibility of policing our borders. Mr. Rossidesfurther told us that the switch from the natural opiates to the syntheticsmight well cause a disruption in the organized criminal conspiracieswhich are responsible for bringing most of the heroin intothe United States.Today, we will hear testimony from scientific researchers concerningthe possibilities of policing a worldwide opium cultivation ban.The first three witnesses, from MITRE Corp., will tell us about thepossibility of using our satellite capabilities to police an internationaltreaty banning opium cultivation. We will also hear testmony aboutthe role which the scientific and engineering community can play inthe international addiction crisis.We then will move into the second phase of our hearing. In thissegment we will attempt to determine whether methadone maintenanceis efficacious in reducing the number of arrests and illegal activitiesof addicts under such treatment.It is generally said that it costs between $50 and $75 a day to maintainheroin addiction once a person becomes thoroughly addicted tothat drug. Well, not many people can afford $50 or $75 a day. Thosewho cannot afford it have to go out and illegally get possession ofgoods, which, when sold to a fence, will yield the amount of moneythey must have to sustain their addiction.It is estimated bv Dr. DuPont, who is in charge of the NarcoticsTreatment Administration here in the District of Columbia, thateach addict in the District of Columbia gets illegal possession of about$50,000 worth of goods a year in order to sustain his addiction. Withsome 16,000 addicts in the District, it is no wonder we have so manyrobbery, burglaries, and muggings on the street.Our next witness. Dr. Frances R. Gearing, is eminently qualified togive us an analytical and statistical survey of Dr. Vincent Dole's methadonemaintenance program that will help us in determining the efficacvof the methadone maintenance approach.
79We then will hear from Dr. Robert L. DuPont, Director of the NarcoticsTreatment Administi-ation, who has compiled some fascinatingstatistical studies on crime reduction and methadone maintenance inWashington,Our final witness today is Dr. Jerome H. Jaffe, director of the IllinoisDrug Abuse Program. This multimodality treatment program isthe largest in the Midwest. Currently Dr. Jaffe and his able staff aretreating 1,590 addicts. Dr. Jaffe will explain his approach to methadonemaintenance and the multimodality treatment method. He willalso share with us his thinking about the possibilities of developinglonger lasting and effective antagonist drugs. Finally, Dr. Jaffe willadvise us how we can best accelerate and coordinate scientific researchinto the multiple problems of opiate addiction.Our first witnesses this morning are three gentlemen who representwhat America's advanced technology can contribute to the fight againstsocial ills. David Jaffe, William E. Holden, and Dr. Walter F. Yondorfare employees of the MITRE Corp., a research and developmentthink-tank with heavy experience in space and defense.These gentlemen are now applying their technology to the possibilityof detecting the illegal cultivation of opium.Mr. Jaffe is a memlier of the department staff of MITRE, and isprimarily concerned with the application of technology to criminaljustice systems.Before joining MITRE last September, he was deputy head of thepublic safety department of the Research Analysis Corlp., where he developedprogram concepts for research in law enforcement and theadministration of justice. Studies he directed included the relationshipbetween the physical environment and the crime rate, logistic supportto police and fire departments in combating civil disorders, and the roleof police in a ghetto community.Mr. Jaffe holds a master of science degree in physics and mathematicsfrom the University of Connecticut.Mr. Holden, a MITRE department head, is an electrical engineerwith a bachelor of science degree from the Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology, and a former naval aviator. During the last 15 years atLincoln Laiboratory, MIT, and with MITRE, Mr. Holden has beenresponsible for many mission analyses and other planning activitiesin the fields of air defense, command and control at senior militarylevels, foreign satellite identification, airborne command posts, airbornelaunch facilities, missile test ranges, and Air Force test centers.He served as a foreign service officer assigned to the NATO internationalstaff for 2 years to assist in planning NATO-wide air defenses.Dr. Yondorf is associate technical director of MITRE Corp's nationalcommand and control division in McLean, Va. The divisionprovides systems engineering and other scientific and technical assistanceto defense agencies, primarily in the areas of communications,data processing, and sensor development. Sponsors include the DefenseCommunications Agency, the Defense Special Projects Group,Safeguard Systems Command, Air Force Systems Command and theAdvance Research Project Agency. Dr. Yondorf's earlier MITRE assignmentshave included the development and implementation of a5-year project to improve and automate JCS strategic mobility plan-
- Page 40 and 41: '.28Fiscal years-1967 1968 1969 197
- Page 42 and 43: 30rally in opium. By indirect, the
- Page 44 and 45: 32We can, I think, most helpfully g
- Page 46 and 47: 34so intense that we haven't done v
- Page 48 and 49: Dr. Eddy. Well, physicians, usually
- Page 50 and 51: 38Dr. Eddy. No.Chairman Pepper. Now
- Page 52 and 53: :40get away with it as Dr. Keats su
- Page 54 and 55: :—:42public health hazard was jud
- Page 56 and 57: :44Bibliography(1 Nathan B. Eddy. "
- Page 58 and 59: 46(52) Nathan B. Eddy. "Dilaudid."
- Page 60 and 61: 48(98) "The New Narcotics, Post-gra
- Page 62 and 63: ^.50
- Page 64 and 65: 52entails the consideration of addi
- Page 66 and 67: 54Chairman Pepper. Have you found t
- Page 68 and 69: 56^.I wonder would you care to comm
- Page 70 and 71: 58Chairman Pepper. Without objectio
- Page 72 and 73: —1958-681959-«419691962-64196219
- Page 74 and 75: —62abuse and has brought about th
- Page 76 and 77: 64bank robbery or an assault. You d
- Page 78 and 79: 66Mr. Wiggins. Would the stopping o
- Page 80 and 81: 68—Chairman Pepper. Can you give
- Page 82 and 83: :70The problem then would be the wi
- Page 84 and 85: ;72taking exceptional measures in t
- Page 86 and 87: )—74pay serious attention to this
- Page 88 and 89: ;76From 1958 to 1961, he served as
- Page 92 and 93: ;80ning capabilities, responsibilit
- Page 94 and 95: ;:;82terials. If they could introdu
- Page 96 and 97: 84Figure 1infrared Ektachrome film
- Page 98 and 99: ;86Figure 3.—Tones of wheat (W) a
- Page 100 and 101: 88ers at the poppyfields or at any
- Page 102 and 103: :90;:tional situations has handicap
- Page 104 and 105: ;;92Locating illicit opium cropsDet
- Page 106 and 107: 94Jaffe. Well, there would be some
- Page 108 and 109: 96Mr. Jaffe. Primarily on the fact
- Page 110 and 111: 98in the same ball park about what
- Page 112 and 113: 100Chairman Pepper. Mr, Waldie, do
- Page 114 and 115: ::102agencies and input data would
- Page 116 and 117: 104most facilities are barely able
- Page 118 and 119: ;106We have also studied a ^roup of
- Page 120 and 121: 108Dr. Gearing. Yes, sir; I would n
- Page 122 and 123: 110somethino: in the nei
- Page 124 and 125: 112program is put into the machiner
- Page 126 and 127: I114you have some data there that s
- Page 128 and 129: 116Dr. Gearing. It depends on what
- Page 130 and 131: 118Chairman Pepper. Would you have
- Page 132 and 133: 120it not be so that we could proje
- Page 134 and 135: .122admission rate was approximatel
- Page 136 and 137: 124BESULTS(1) Although many of the
- Page 138 and 139: 1262. All the members of the methad
79We then will hear from Dr. Robert L. DuPont, Director of the <strong>Narcotics</strong>Treatment Administi-ation, who has compiled some fascinatingstatistical studies on crime reduction <strong>and</strong> methadone maintenance inWashington,Our final witness today is Dr. Jerome H. Jaffe, director of the IllinoisDrug Abuse Program. This multimodality <strong>treatment</strong> program isthe largest in the Midwest. Currently Dr. Jaffe <strong>and</strong> his able staff aretreating 1,590 addicts. Dr. Jaffe will explain his approach to methadonemaintenance <strong>and</strong> the multimodality <strong>treatment</strong> method. He willalso share with us his thinking about the possibilities of developinglonger lasting <strong>and</strong> effective antagonist drugs. Finally, Dr. Jaffe willadvise us how we can best accelerate <strong>and</strong> coordinate scientific <strong>research</strong>into the multiple problems of opiate addiction.Our first witnesses this morning are three gentlemen who representwhat America's advanced technology can contribute to the fight againstsocial ills. David Jaffe, William E. Holden, <strong>and</strong> Dr. Walter F. Yondorfare employees of the MITRE Corp., a <strong>research</strong> <strong>and</strong> developmentthink-tank with heavy experience in space <strong>and</strong> defense.These gentlemen are now applying their technology to the possibilityof detecting the illegal cultivation of opium.Mr. Jaffe is a memlier of the department staff of MITRE, <strong>and</strong> isprimarily concerned with the application of technology to criminaljustice systems.Before joining MITRE last September, he was deputy head of thepublic safety department of the Research Analysis Corlp., where he developedprogram concepts for <strong>research</strong> in law enforcement <strong>and</strong> theadministration of justice. Studies he directed included the relationshipbetween the physical environment <strong>and</strong> the crime rate, logistic supportto police <strong>and</strong> fire departments in combating civil disorders, <strong>and</strong> the roleof police in a ghetto community.Mr. Jaffe holds a master of science degree in physics <strong>and</strong> mathematicsfrom the University of Connecticut.Mr. Holden, a MITRE department head, is an electrical engineerwith a bachelor of science degree from the Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology, <strong>and</strong> a former naval aviator. During the last 15 years atLincoln Laiboratory, MIT, <strong>and</strong> with MITRE, Mr. Holden has beenresponsible for many mission analyses <strong>and</strong> other planning activitiesin the fields of air defense, comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> control at senior militarylevels, foreign satellite identification, airborne comm<strong>and</strong> posts, airbornelaunch facilities, missile test ranges, <strong>and</strong> Air Force test centers.He served as a foreign service officer assigned to the NATO internationalstaff for 2 years to assist in planning NATO-wide air defenses.Dr. Yondorf is associate technical director of MITRE Corp's nationalcomm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> control division in McLean, Va. The divisionprovides systems engineering <strong>and</strong> other scientific <strong>and</strong> technical assistanceto defense agencies, primarily in the areas of communications,data processing, <strong>and</strong> sensor development. Sponsors include the DefenseCommunications Agency, the Defense Special Projects Group,Safeguard Systems Comm<strong>and</strong>, Air Force Systems Comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> theAdvance Research Project Agency. Dr. Yondorf's earlier MITRE assignmentshave included the development <strong>and</strong> implementation of a5-year project to improve <strong>and</strong> automate JCS strategic mobility plan-
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