Narcotics research, rehabilitation, and treatment. Hearings, Ninety ...

561ing back from overseas, going back to various parts of the countrythat hitherto, perhaps, did not have the sad experience of havingamong their population young drug addicts, especially the hard-coredrug addicts.; Another change that has taken place, gentlemen, is the changeill the nature of the drugs that are being used and abused, also substantialchanges among the various types of users. These users todayincludetop corporate executives, middle management, clerks, salesmen,white- and blue-collar workers, housewives, as well as youngpeople. And as you will see again, referring to studies that we have=made, the matter of drug use and drug abuse by people actually onthe job is a really startling fact to consider. We have defined a majorproblem of drug abuse in business and industry at all levels of work,including a significant percentage of employees who abuse drugswhile actually on the job. Now that business and industry are involved,we look for added involvement from that sector of the publicin the fight against drug abuse.Another major change, gentlemen, that we have found to have occurredover the past few years is that more and more people are becominginvolved with drugs as a matter of recreation, believe it ornot. Hence, it is no longer entirely a medical problem with which wehave to deal ; it is becoming more and more also a matter for socialworkers and other disciplines to address themselves to.These are essentially some of the changes in direction and programsthat we are undertaking in New York at the moment and urgefor your consideration, a similar change of direction and focus onthe part of the Federal Government.We must recognize, gentlemen, that there are adaptive as well asescapist abusers, persons who use drugs to cope with life and to adjustto the ordinary problems of society, aside from the thrill seekersand other types that we are used to discussing. Not all drug abusers,as you know, are criminals. As a matter of fact, the National Instituteof Mental Health predicts that 65 percent of the experimenterswith marihuana will use the drug only once or twice, and the majorityof the remainder, not more than 10 times in their lifetime.Eecent research by our commission suggests that of 100 studentsin a given high school, 50 will experiment with drugs at some timeor other during their school career. As a matter of fact, the studyfurther reveals that 50 percent of the average graduating class fromhigh school has liad drug experience. So that if this number, thislarge number of high school graduates going out into business andindustiy or going on into college, where the figures are substantiallythe same as those people going out into business and industry, thereis no reason to assume that they are suddenly going to discontinuetheir experimenting with drugs. So that what we are doing, gentlemen,is we are graduating 50 percent of our classes these days rightinto business and industry as drug experimenters, some of whom,of course, will later on become disfunctional addicts.^- As I said, gentlemen, there are a number of studies that we will besubmitting to you. I do not want to burden you with mere recitationof what each one contains. But one study that you will see indicatesfrom facts developed by Dr. Chambers and our research unit that ofevery addict that was studied, every single one had engaged in some