Narcotics research, rehabilitation, and treatment. Hearings, Ninety ...
Narcotics research, rehabilitation, and treatment. Hearings, Ninety ... Narcotics research, rehabilitation, and treatment. Hearings, Ninety ...
55,4nitiide of heroin addiction in America knows no jurisdictional boundaries;local, State, even national borders, provide no shield to thisdeadly traffic.There are those who say that there will always be a supply of heroinas long- as there is a demand for the drug ; others claim that as longas heroin is available, the demand for it can always be created. In fact,both statements are true, and we must take this into account in anyeffort to deal with the problem.It is clear, in the first instance, that we cannot reasonably expectsubstantially to halt the smuggling of heroin into this country. Shortof the imposition of police state techniques, a virtual sealing of ourborders, heroin will reach its customers on the streets. We have beentold by the authorities of our Government that we are able to seizeonly about 20 percent of the heroin that is smuggled into this country.But the same supply, as well as satisfying demand, also creates additionaldemand. For the classic way for the heroin addict to supporthis habit is to become a heroin pusher himself. And as long as addictshave enough heroin to push in order to pay for their own habits, wewill see an ever increasing number of new addicts, for the market isvirtually limitless.What can we hope to do to fight this menace? Last year, this committeeurged that the United States take the lead in working for theeventual elimination of opium poppy production wherever such productiontakes place. We were told we were dreamers. Well, if to worktoward an admittedly long-range goal that holds some promise ofsuccess means to be dreamers, we gladly accept the title. But is this goalso impossible of attainment, or has our own skepticism worked to ensureour failure in this endeavor ? I was pleased to read the other daythat the Prime Minister of Turkey has offered his legislative or parliamentarybody legislation that would substantially reduce the opiumcrops, something we recommended long ago. We are pleased to learnthat one house of the Turkish Parliament has already passed the proposedlegislation. We applaud liis actions as a new awareness of theworld wide nature of heroin abuse. So are we dreamers after all? Apositive approach by the United States may well be one of the kev ingredientsin fostering a similar attitude by other members of theworld community.A substantial portion of our energies have gone to an examinationof the research underway to produce drugs for treating addicts. Althoughwe must be mindful of the distinction between curing an addictof his addiction and reintegrating him into society, as a committeeon crime, we are obviously anxious to fully explore any treatmentmodality which offers the hope of reducing crime.We have carefully examined the use of methadone as a maintenancedrug, and while we believe it is far from a panacea, we do believe thatit is the best drug now available on a large scale for treating a substantialsegment of the addict population. But we have also received testimonyabout the new antagonist dimgs, which curb an addict's cravingfor heroin. We believe these significant drugs have been slighted bythose who have the funds to foster the development of treatmentmodalities. We have heard testimony that for about $5 million—a merepittance given the magnitude of the problem—we could possibly developa long-lasting nonaddictive antagonist. You will recall Mr. In-
gei-soll of tlie Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs testified teforeour committee recently that he estimated that herion costs ourcountry between $3,5 and $4 billion a year. I say this $5 million is amere pittance given the magnitude of the problem. Not to spend thisinoney verges on malfeasance. When we submit our report to the Congress,we intend to ask for a crash program to develop such an antagonist.I believe this would be an investment that would pay immeasurabledividends.The President, in announcing his new drug program last week, haswisely recognized the national drug abuse and drug dependence crisisto which our committee has devoted a substantial portion of its timeduring the past 2 years. Certainly the administration is to be commendedfor recognizing that drug abuse lias "assumed the dimensionof a national emergency." The President is also to be commended forrecognizing that the drug user, if submitted to proper treatment, canbe reclaimed as a responsible member of society. However, I am seriouslyconcerned that the process of reclamation will fail unless moremoney is committed to the building and adequate staffing of treatmentand rehabilitation facilities on a nationwide basis.Our committee was particularly pleased that the President choseDr. Jerome H. Jaffe of Chicago to head this new office in the executivebranch of the Government and that he was given the authority thatDr. Jaffe was given. We all heard and were substantially impressedwith Dr. Jaffe's presentation before our committee on April 28, 1971.I am especially pleased that the President has chosen a man of impeccableacademic credentials who is not inextricably associated with alimited rehabilitation philosophy or treatment modality. Dr. Jaffe'ssagacity in establishing a multimodality treatment approach is wellknown to our committee. Additionally, Dr. Jaffe is a researcher, whoby his own admission, longs someday to return to his laboratory.I sincerely hope that the President, in light of Dr. Jaffe's expertise,w^ill especially earmark additional moneys for basic opiate research. Itis my personal judgment that the moneys presently earmarked forresearch would not enable diligent and committed scientists to do thetype of research that is necessary to develop more effective and longerlasting blockage and antagonist drugs. The President has failed to setforth, as specific line items in his appropriations amendment of June 21,1971, such amounts as I feel will be necessary to expand on and acceleratethe study of drug effects, abuse, prevention, and treatment. Itake note of the fact that the President has reputedly told Dr. Jaft'eand publicly announced that if more money is needed, it will beprovided. I think indeed it would appear to be imperative and I hopethat the President will recommend to the Congress adequate fundingfor this program.The President has, however, seen fit to request specific sums forresearch into plant eradication and opium detection. It is my ferventhope that the President will request additional sums for the explicitpurpose of carrying out more substantial basic research into the basis ofopiate addiction and the effects of diTig dependence upon the body.Furthermore, our committee has found that additional researchmust be done, and must be done immediately, to develop safe and effectivenonaddictive synthetic substitutes for morphine and codeine. Itseems to me that in a country where last year the gross national product
- Page 523 and 524: 503synthesized a large number of na
- Page 525 and 526: 505STATEMENT OE DR. ALBERT KURLAND,
- Page 527 and 528: 507discovered if we iiad taken the
- Page 529 and 530: 509Mr. Perito. Dr. Kurland, do you
- Page 531 and 532: 511Chairman Pepper. Has the Food an
- Page 533 and 534: 513]Mr. Steiger. Do you feel from y
- Page 535 and 536: 515In this second study there was a
- Page 537 and 538: 517were any significant differences
- Page 539: 519The Deceptive Communication and
- Page 542 and 543: .522than a State psychiatric hospit
- Page 544 and 545: 524Department of Mental Hygiene), R
- Page 546 and 547: TABLE 3—COMPARISON OF THE 1ST POS
- Page 548 and 549: 528TABLE 10—RELATIONSHIP OF AGE T
- Page 550 and 551: 530tution and his involvement in th
- Page 552 and 553: Attachment No. 5;r\ N-CH,-CH=CHo ,
- Page 554 and 555: '-534Chart No. U (case No. 672)Disp
- Page 556 and 557: 536Chart No. 4 (case No. 694)Illust
- Page 558 and 559: 538Chart No. 35 {case No. 697)Excep
- Page 560 and 561: 540This amount of heroin is roughly
- Page 562 and 563: 5msuccessful or not in that short a
- Page 564 and 565: 544Chairman Pepper. Would you repea
- Page 566 and 567: 54^creased amount of licit as well
- Page 568 and 569: —54Sand the bureaucracy and the a
- Page 570 and 571: ,,Mr.550you have used some of the s
- Page 572 and 573: 552so many areas is also a pitiful
- Page 576 and 577: 556reached $976.5 billion, we can w
- Page 578 and 579: 558Mr. Jones was appointed to the c
- Page 580 and 581: 560cant when you consider that Out
- Page 582 and 583: 562criminal act in his lifetime. Ye
- Page 584 and 585: —564Mr. Perito. Would it be fair
- Page 586 and 587: 566Now, Dr. Cliambers, can yon resp
- Page 588 and 589: —568Mr. Raxgel. Our distinguished
- Page 590 and 591: ;-570Mr. Jones. That is correct. Ou
- Page 592 and 593: 572the commissioner, $186 million i
- Page 594 and 595: 574there should be something in the
- Page 596 and 597: 576and the way in which the funds a
- Page 598 and 599: 57SDr. Chambers. I think wliat you
- Page 600 and 601: 580Education is the best way of pre
- Page 602 and 603: 58-2Certain essential facts must re
- Page 604 and 605: 584done through determined action,
- Page 606 and 607: 586druffs, has the Nation's largest
- Page 608 and 609: :588To repeat, methadone maintenanc
- Page 610 and 611: :590I believe the Federal Governmen
- Page 612 and 613: :take no such satisfaction. We have
- Page 614 and 615: 594of value in the testimony you ha
- Page 616 and 617: 596gone ahead with several. We have
- Page 618 and 619: 598force within our State Police De
- Page 620 and 621: 60PRased on the proposed goal of 2.
- Page 622 and 623: 602STATEMENT OF HON. MILTON SIIAPP,
gei-soll of tlie Bureau of <strong>Narcotics</strong> <strong>and</strong> Dangerous Drugs testified teforeour committee recently that he estimated that herion costs ourcountry between $3,5 <strong>and</strong> $4 billion a year. I say this $5 million is amere pittance given the magnitude of the problem. Not to spend thisinoney verges on malfeasance. When we submit our report to the Congress,we intend to ask for a crash program to develop such an antagonist.I believe this would be an investment that would pay immeasurabledividends.The President, in announcing his new drug program last week, haswisely recognized the national drug abuse <strong>and</strong> drug dependence crisisto which our committee has devoted a substantial portion of its timeduring the past 2 years. Certainly the administration is to be commendedfor recognizing that drug abuse lias "assumed the dimensionof a national emergency." The President is also to be commended forrecognizing that the drug user, if submitted to proper <strong>treatment</strong>, canbe reclaimed as a responsible member of society. However, I am seriouslyconcerned that the process of reclamation will fail unless moremoney is committed to the building <strong>and</strong> adequate staffing of <strong>treatment</strong><strong>and</strong> <strong>rehabilitation</strong> facilities on a nationwide basis.Our committee was particularly pleased that the President choseDr. Jerome H. Jaffe of Chicago to head this new office in the executivebranch of the Government <strong>and</strong> that he was given the authority thatDr. Jaffe was given. We all heard <strong>and</strong> were substantially impressedwith Dr. Jaffe's presentation before our committee on April 28, 1971.I am especially pleased that the President has chosen a man of impeccableacademic credentials who is not inextricably associated with alimited <strong>rehabilitation</strong> philosophy or <strong>treatment</strong> modality. Dr. Jaffe'ssagacity in establishing a multimodality <strong>treatment</strong> approach is wellknown to our committee. Additionally, Dr. Jaffe is a <strong>research</strong>er, whoby his own admission, longs someday to return to his laboratory.I sincerely hope that the President, in light of Dr. Jaffe's expertise,w^ill especially earmark additional moneys for basic opiate <strong>research</strong>. Itis my personal judgment that the moneys presently earmarked for<strong>research</strong> would not enable diligent <strong>and</strong> committed scientists to do thetype of <strong>research</strong> that is necessary to develop more effective <strong>and</strong> longerlasting blockage <strong>and</strong> antagonist drugs. The President has failed to setforth, as specific line items in his appropriations amendment of June 21,1971, such amounts as I feel will be necessary to exp<strong>and</strong> on <strong>and</strong> acceleratethe study of drug effects, abuse, prevention, <strong>and</strong> <strong>treatment</strong>. Itake note of the fact that the President has reputedly told Dr. Jaft'e<strong>and</strong> publicly announced that if more money is needed, it will beprovided. I think indeed it would appear to be imperative <strong>and</strong> I hopethat the President will recommend to the Congress adequate fundingfor this program.The President has, however, seen fit to request specific sums for<strong>research</strong> into plant eradication <strong>and</strong> opium detection. It is my ferventhope that the President will request additional sums for the explicitpurpose of carrying out more substantial basic <strong>research</strong> into the basis ofopiate addiction <strong>and</strong> the effects of diTig dependence upon the body.Furthermore, our committee has found that additional <strong>research</strong>must be done, <strong>and</strong> must be done immediately, to develop safe <strong>and</strong> effectivenonaddictive synthetic substitutes for morphine <strong>and</strong> codeine. Itseems to me that in a country where last year the gross national product
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