12.07.2015
•
Views
490In the lower two graphs are ilhistrated experiments in which theanimal ^^ as taking codeine alone, to your left, in which he made abouta thousand bar presses to get 30 injections of codeine, and then hisbehavior in 1 day in which he was pretreated with an injection ofnaloxone. When he was pre treated with naloxone he bar pressed afew times, about 50 times, and quit immediately. There was no morebar pressing in spite of the fact the drug was available to him.Mr. Brasco. Doctor, naloxone is not a substance upon which onebecomes dependent?Dr. ViLLARREAL. That is correct.Mr. Brasco. In the case of this monkey, after he was given a doseof naloxone, he did not bar press.Dr. ViLLARREAL. That is right.Mr. Brasco. Now, how did he come to bar press again when youtook the naloxone away? I do not understand that. If you are notdependent on naloxone it would seem to me that that would be asuccessful treatment for taking someone off drugs and havmg themdrug free. I do not get the relationship of his bar pressing again.Dr. ViLLARREAL. Perhaps I can answer jour question this way.When the animal is switched from any drug to an inert substance, tosaline, just physiological solution, the animal quits bar pressing. Andwhat we have done with the pre treatment of naloxone is to rendercodeine totally ineffective so that the self-injections of codeine arelike self-injections of physiological saline. There is no longer an Althingm the syringe.Mr. Brasco. So, he does not bar press at all.Dr. ViLLARREAL. He probes a little bit as you saw at the beginningof the session, because he has all this drive but when there is noeffect, he quits.Mr. Brasco. Then, how does he go back to bar pressing again,because the apparatus gives him another shot of an addictive substanceor does he do that by accident?Dr. ViLLARREAL. He will do that by accident or by the strength ofthe habit of bar pressing behavior.[Slide]Dr. ViLLARREAL. These few slides that come next mil get to thepoint I think you are driving at. These are graphs of successive daA'sin which the monkej s are taking codeine. The}' are taking about 60injections a day. The monkey takes about 65, 58, 52, and so on,injections a day. This goes on for months and months.On this day we treat him with naloxone and he quits. He quits for2 days. Only on the first day he got naloxone. But then a little bit ofexploration, a little bit of probing on the bar, brings him back toexperience the full effects of codeine. So, as codeine is available againhe goes back to the previous behavioral base line.Mr. Brasco. The point is this. After the naloxone treatment hestill has the physiological urge for the drug.Dr. ViLLARREAL. YcS.Mr. Brasco. So than naloxone would be something that would haveto be given steadily also.Dr. ViLLARREAL. That is right.Mr. Brasco. As methadone.
491Dr. ViLLARREAL. Until the reflex dies out completely. One shot ofnaloxone is suflacient to block the drive for self-administration on thatda}^ but continued treatment would be necessary to block it completely.Mr. Brasco. Do we know how long the continued treatment wouldbe?Dr. ViLLARREAL. No.Mr. Brasco. Thank you.Mr, Winn. Have you tried continued treatment for as long as 30days?Dr. ViLLARREAL. No ; we have not done that yet.[Slide]Dr. ViLLARREAL. This graph illustrates that the same thing occurswith the other drugs of the narcotic class. Again you have a baselineof self-administration of pentazocine for 5 days and then on 1 daythe animal is treated with naloxone and then for 7 days the animal doesnot return to bar pressing but then at the eighth day he goes back upagain.[Slide]Dr. ViLLARREAL. This is just dose response curves, how muchnaloxone is needed. Before we can get to the point of investigatinghow long a treatment must be, we have to investigate a number ofother variables, like what dose ratios are important, how much naloxonewill antagonize, how much of what narcotic, whether or not theanimals have to have the drug around the clock or whether intermittentadministration of the antagonists will be sufficientThese are questions that are easy to ask but take a long time toresolve in the laboratoiy. Each one of the experiments shown in thisgraph took about a year to do.Mr. Winn. Doctor, have you tried any other inert substance otherthan saline?Dr. ViLLARREAL. We have tried a whole lot of other drugs thatdo not produce psychological dependence.Mr. Winn. Can 3'ou give the committee several examples?Dr. ViLLARREAL. Well, cyclazocine is one example of a drug thatis not self-administered. If an animal is, say, taking cocaine, which isa very strong dependence-producing drug and he is switched tocyclazocine, he quits immediately.Mr. Winn. Just like the experiments that you have had withsaline.Dr. ViLLARREAL. That is right. The same thing happens with othernarcotic antagonists such as nalorphine, levallorphan. The samething happens with phenothiazine, drugs used as major tranquilizers.Mr. Winn. They just do not turn them on. The}' stop pressing thebar because they have no desire for those because they get no resultsfrom them: is that right?Dr. ViLLARREAL. That is right.Mr. Perito. Please continue.Dr. ViLLARREAL. I think I will stop with the slides here.Mr. Perito. Doctor, could you, for the benefit of the committee,give a brief summary of your conclusions as a result of studying thiscompulsive self-administration behavior in m.onke.ys?Dr. ViLLARREAL. Ycs. I believc that the conclusions are tremendouslyimportant. Conclusion No. 1 would be that we have a very
-
Page 5:
NARCOTICS RESEARCH, REHABILITATION,
-
Page 9 and 10:
::VEXHIBIT NO. 4 (a) AND (b)Eddy, D
-
Page 13:
NARCOTICS RESEARCH, REHABILITATION,
-
Page 17 and 18:
urden that such addiction imposes u
-
Page 19 and 20:
1 (lata; (->) the sliariiis" oF iii
-
Page 21 and 22:
9Chairman Pepper. The committee is
-
Page 23 and 24:
::11quota production from unrecogni
-
Page 25 and 26:
13in this country. This raises the
-
Page 27 and 28:
15from other clinical projects of w
-
Page 29 and 30:
:17practice, experience has indicat
-
Page 31 and 32:
;19.I think a quota would be better
-
Page 33 and 34:
21When methadone was first introduc
-
Page 35 and 36:
:::::.—23American Society of Phar
-
Page 37:
_'—25.I'BOCUREMENT AND ISSUE DATA
-
Page 40 and 41:
'.28Fiscal years-1967 1968 1969 197
-
Page 42 and 43:
30rally in opium. By indirect, the
-
Page 44 and 45:
32We can, I think, most helpfully g
-
Page 46 and 47:
34so intense that we haven't done v
-
Page 48 and 49:
Dr. Eddy. Well, physicians, usually
-
Page 50 and 51:
38Dr. Eddy. No.Chairman Pepper. Now
-
Page 52 and 53:
:40get away with it as Dr. Keats su
-
Page 54 and 55:
:—:42public health hazard was jud
-
Page 56 and 57:
:44Bibliography(1 Nathan B. Eddy. "
-
Page 58 and 59:
46(52) Nathan B. Eddy. "Dilaudid."
-
Page 60 and 61:
48(98) "The New Narcotics, Post-gra
-
Page 62 and 63:
^.50
-
Page 64 and 65:
52entails the consideration of addi
-
Page 66 and 67:
54Chairman Pepper. Have you found t
-
Page 68 and 69:
56^.I wonder would you care to comm
-
Page 70 and 71:
58Chairman Pepper. Without objectio
-
Page 72 and 73:
—1958-681959-«419691962-64196219
-
Page 74 and 75:
—62abuse and has brought about th
-
Page 76 and 77:
64bank robbery or an assault. You d
-
Page 78 and 79:
66Mr. Wiggins. Would the stopping o
-
Page 80 and 81:
68—Chairman Pepper. Can you give
-
Page 82 and 83:
:70The problem then would be the wi
-
Page 84 and 85:
;72taking exceptional measures in t
-
Page 86 and 87:
)—74pay serious attention to this
-
Page 88 and 89:
;76From 1958 to 1961, he served as
-
Page 90 and 91:
78deine in painkilling drugs. So if
-
Page 92 and 93:
;80ning capabilities, responsibilit
-
Page 94 and 95:
;:;82terials. If they could introdu
-
Page 96 and 97:
84Figure 1infrared Ektachrome film
-
Page 98 and 99:
;86Figure 3.—Tones of wheat (W) a
-
Page 100 and 101:
88ers at the poppyfields or at any
-
Page 102 and 103:
:90;:tional situations has handicap
-
Page 104 and 105:
;;92Locating illicit opium cropsDet
-
Page 106 and 107:
94Jaffe. Well, there would be some
-
Page 108 and 109:
96Mr. Jaffe. Primarily on the fact
-
Page 110 and 111:
98in the same ball park about what
-
Page 112 and 113:
100Chairman Pepper. Mr, Waldie, do
-
Page 114 and 115:
::102agencies and input data would
-
Page 116 and 117:
104most facilities are barely able
-
Page 118 and 119:
;106We have also studied a ^roup of
-
Page 120 and 121:
108Dr. Gearing. Yes, sir; I would n
-
Page 122 and 123:
110somethino: in the nei
-
Page 124 and 125:
112program is put into the machiner
-
Page 126 and 127:
I114you have some data there that s
-
Page 128 and 129:
116Dr. Gearing. It depends on what
-
Page 130 and 131:
118Chairman Pepper. Would you have
-
Page 132 and 133:
120it not be so that we could proje
-
Page 134 and 135:
.122admission rate was approximatel
-
Page 136 and 137:
124BESULTS(1) Although many of the
-
Page 138 and 139:
1262. All the members of the methad
-
Page 140 and 141:
128HETHADOHE MAINTENANCE TREATMENT
-
Page 142 and 143:
11 1 1 1 1 11130Methadone Halnten?n
-
Page 144 and 145:
132TABLE 2.-METHAD0NE MAINTENANCE T
-
Page 146 and 147:
134Figure 9 Methadone tlaintenance
-
Page 148 and 149:
136Methadone Ka'ntanance Treatmf:nt
-
Page 150 and 151:
:::.::.138Appendix A^—Methadone M
-
Page 152 and 153:
140nance treatment patients showing
-
Page 154 and 155:
142Figure 3 •lethadone Kaintenanc
-
Page 156 and 157:
144Dr. DuPoNT. 1,760 on methadone m
-
Page 158 and 159:
:146there are dramatic reductions i
-
Page 160 and 161:
148Health insurance coverage for me
-
Page 162 and 163:
150Dr. DtjPont. Well, there are no
-
Page 164 and 165:
152Mr. Blommer. You would agree the
-
Page 166 and 167:
154done. Where is the evidence ? No
-
Page 168 and 169:
156There are several reasons a pers
-
Page 170 and 171:
158It would seem to me a very busy
-
Page 172 and 173:
160we had before. I don't think it
-
Page 174 and 175:
162heroin addiction and support all
-
Page 176 and 177:
164Dr. DuPoNT. I am reluctant to ge
-
Page 178 and 179:
166Using this figure as rule of thu
-
Page 180 and 181:
)168ment facilities for heroin addi
-
Page 182 and 183:
.170parole departments. None were c
-
Page 184 and 185:
::172Table 2.— Selected character
-
Page 186 and 187:
174TABLE 3.—HEROIN ADDICTION RATE
-
Page 188 and 189:
176W.a^^cc-V.c Cffv..AdF-ro ftcoKjL
-
Page 190 and 191:
178.^06V f\QrK-'SEt G^ouP/AJ6SIS're
-
Page 192 and 193:
I180*i coo)u->CM>—'CMUJCOO O COa>
-
Page 194 and 195:
I(/I182esiMmin0)^> oo.00 =E|c O.2 o
-
Page 196 and 197:
184encouraged to return to methadon
-
Page 198 and 199:
186or other side effects. This incr
-
Page 200 and 201:
:188number as that on the bottle. W
-
Page 202 and 203:
190Attachment ThreeTo all medical s
-
Page 204 and 205:
-jI IALLI192ATTACHMENT- FIVE,J: IPA
-
Page 206 and 207:
194ATTACHMENT NINEGOVERNMENT OF THE
-
Page 208 and 209:
......—196half of the addicts sta
-
Page 210 and 211:
198CONCLUSIONSCertain patterns emer
-
Page 212 and 213:
200TABLE 5.— PROFILE OF BARBITUAR
-
Page 214 and 215:
202TABLE ll.-SUPPORT OF HEROIN HABI
-
Page 216 and 217:
204TABLE 17.-AGE OF ADDICTS AND NON
-
Page 218 and 219:
206TABLE 23.—PRESENT MARITAL STAT
-
Page 220 and 221:
208TABLE 28.-MILITARY SERVICEAddict
-
Page 222 and 223:
:210The committee is pleased to cal
-
Page 224 and 225:
212sists of a network of 21 geograp
-
Page 226 and 227:
214(6) Basic studies on the nature
-
Page 228 and 229:
216in fact, constitute autonomous o
-
Page 230 and 231:
Chairman Pepper. Mr. Perito?218;; M
-
Page 232 and 233:
^'220is not a very forgiving drug.
-
Page 234 and 235:
'222Furthermore, in our present con
-
Page 236 and 237:
—224the Federal Government decide
-
Page 238 and 239:
-—I have presented one generic ki
-
Page 240 and 241:
,clinic;?,>•
-
Page 242 and 243:
230I realize we are running late.Do
-
Page 244 and 245:
''232'']Vir. Winn. Tiien you mentio
-
Page 246 and 247:
234So having put it in the area, ha
-
Page 248 and 249:
,Memberships'—i236privilege of co
-
Page 250 and 251:
;238A central hypothermic response
-
Page 252 and 253:
;240South Bronx, Bedford-Stuyvesant
-
Page 254 and 255:
242€are of patient addicts. We ha
-
Page 256 and 257:
244hospitals in the city, came into
-
Page 258 and 259:
246that came into my office, and I
-
Page 260 and 261:
'Mr.;>•/nmo'.i,,;248deputy commis
-
Page 262 and 263:
:250two Rockefeller Institute physi
-
Page 264 and 265:
:252during pliase II that serious e
-
Page 266 and 267:
254well-structured methadone mainte
-
Page 268 and 269:
;:256nonsense and serves only to ad
-
Page 270 and 271:
:258you best complete your statemen
-
Page 272 and 273:
260Mr. Pertto. Based upon your expe
-
Page 274 and 275:
262A a'reat case in point was a con
-
Page 276 and 277:
«264Mr. Steiger. Did you discuss w
-
Page 278 and 279:
—:266Mr. HoRAN. We don't support
-
Page 280 and 281:
268Mr. Horan, let's back up a littl
-
Page 282 and 283:
270It is not up to heroin or morphi
-
Page 284 and 285:
272nesses yesterday who brought out
-
Page 286 and 287:
274;Mr. Perito. It is my understand
-
Page 288 and 289:
276So that at the end of the week t
-
Page 290 and 291:
278steroid he lias in him we might
-
Page 292 and 293:
280Mr. Perito. You are referriii"'
-
Page 294 and 295:
282not drug free. I can say approxi
-
Page 296 and 297:
28 A$2-a-day habit these individual
-
Page 298 and 299:
•As286I got to the point once in
-
Page 300 and 301:
288Mr. Steiger. You mentioned anoxi
-
Page 302 and 303:
290Mr. Eangel. I could see then tha
-
Page 304 and 305:
292Dr. Casriel. Mr. Keating, I have
-
Page 306 and 307:
j294What period of time are ^ve tal
-
Page 308 and 309:
296was March of 1970—he was admit
-
Page 310 and 311:
298"The paper by Dole and Nyswander
-
Page 312 and 313:
:300vent them from coming to New Yo
-
Page 314 and 315:
302[Exhibit No.14(b)]Casriel Instit
-
Page 316 and 317:
304to result from the insuflScient
-
Page 318 and 319:
306It is this role of the intervent
-
Page 320 and 321:
308EESULTSStudies concerning tlie p
-
Page 322 and 323:
310The method derives from a specia
-
Page 324 and 325:
312Why is this happening? What need
-
Page 326 and 327:
m)effective with uncured alcoholics
-
Page 328 and 329:
I316Casriel, who is medical-psychia
-
Page 330 and 331:
318resort to heroin. One must not f
-
Page 332 and 333:
.320in Permanent Cure of Narcotic A
-
Page 334 and 335:
322!(4) '-Modification of Adaptatio
-
Page 336 and 337:
324sections of the country, all sor
-
Page 338 and 339:
;Mr.Pertto.niuch,I?,Mr. Peritq. Tha
-
Page 340 and 341:
328Chairman Pepper. Mr. Steiger.Mr.
-
Page 342 and 343:
, Mr., In''wMr, WiNx.nltiiink tlie
-
Page 344 and 345:
:332"Stomach cramps" were found to
-
Page 346 and 347:
'i.We334'""^li'anTOanl^ETPPEiL That
-
Page 348 and 349:
:))))336would be deprived of any cl
-
Page 350 and 351:
338less abuse liability than agents
-
Page 353 and 354:
NARCOTICS RESEARCH, REHABILITATION,
-
Page 355 and 356:
CONTENTSApril 26 1April 27 77April
-
Page 357 and 358:
:•vEXHIBIT NO. 4 (a) AND (b)Eddy,
-
Page 359:
:lovernor,vnEXHIBIT NO. 21 (a) and
-
Page 362 and 363:
342have no desire to preempt the au
-
Page 364 and 365:
344We hope these hearings will prov
-
Page 366 and 367:
346tons in 1962 and to 155 tons in
-
Page 368 and 369:
348SOUTHEAST ASIAAs you know also,
-
Page 370 and 371:
350I would also point out as I did
-
Page 372 and 373:
352their farmers who have been grow
-
Page 374 and 375:
354told that much of the insurgency
-
Page 376 and 377:
356Mr. IxGERSOLL. Well, again, Mr.
-
Page 378 and 379:
358jority of the heroin problem in
-
Page 380 and 381:
360years, but I have been frustrate
-
Page 382 and 383:
362Mr, Steiger. If you were goin^ t
-
Page 384 and 385:
364report marihuana among junior gr
-
Page 386 and 387:
366And it seems to me tliat we Avou
-
Page 388 and 389:
?368effectively, then maybe we will
-
Page 390 and 391:
370improvement as far as the abilit
-
Page 392 and 393:
372was there. Your visits probably
-
Page 394 and 395:
374the purchase of Avitnesses—I s
-
Page 396 and 397:
:376administrations to publicly say
-
Page 398 and 399:
378Chairman Pepper. We will take a
-
Page 400 and 401:
380Mr. Ingersoll. No. I don't recal
-
Page 402 and 403:
:382can fulfill the vow made by the
-
Page 404 and 405:
384have to give you the same answer
-
Page 406 and 407:
386Mr. Brasco. But that is another
-
Page 408 and 409:
388Mr. Ingeksoll. Well, that is the
-
Page 411 and 412:
NARCOTICS RESEARCH, REHABILITATION,
-
Page 413 and 414:
-39,3,Dr. Edwards held a surgical f
-
Page 415 and 416:
395of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs
-
Page 417 and 418:
397Naloxone, recently approved for
-
Page 419 and 420:
399for example, who might be abusin
-
Page 421 and 422:
401Now, because of our attention ha
-
Page 423 and 424:
403and this is only for the investi
-
Page 425 and 426:
405effects this drug will produce i
-
Page 427 and 428:
407Now, if it is not used intravene
-
Page 429 and 430:
409Mr. Wiggins. Dr. Jennings, does
-
Page 431 and 432:
411Penicillin is good for pneumonia
-
Page 433 and 434:
413Mr. R ANGEL. But from the studie
-
Page 435 and 436:
415Dr. Gardner. Again, we don't hav
-
Page 437 and 438:
417Dr. Edwards. I suspect it at lea
-
Page 439 and 440:
419On the other hand, if serious si
-
Page 441 and 442:
421of the best known programs. Alth
-
Page 443 and 444:
423Medical Association, American Ps
-
Page 445 and 446:
425of the United States Pharmacopei
-
Page 447 and 448:
4275. Repeated examinations. Physic
-
Page 449 and 450:
429agement and rehabilitation of se
-
Page 451 and 452:
—431As the agenc.v within HEW whi
-
Page 453 and 454:
433and complex acts such as driving
-
Page 455 and 456:
435(Inig induces physical and psych
-
Page 457 and 458:
437Chiiirmtin Pepper. Doctor, I thi
-
Page 459 and 460:
439A large proportion of youngsters
-
Page 461 and 462:
441Dr. Brown, what would you say is
-
Page 463 and 464:
443Chairmiui Pepper. Wliat is tlie
-
Page 465 and 466:
446The state of the art is promisin
-
Page 467 and 468:
447Lot nie ask you first, is tlic d
-
Page 469 and 470:
449Chairman Pepper. Do you happen t
-
Page 471 and 472:
451want you to take a look at. We w
-
Page 473 and 474:
453In addition to that, there seems
-
Page 475 and 476:
455the Mfldict is having a program
-
Page 477 and 478:
457—on drugs? By that I mean, vei
-
Page 479 and 480:
459\\ e are basically saying, in or
-
Page 481 and 482:
—;461that this is the extent to w
-
Page 483 and 484:
463We could go into the drug area a
-
Page 485 and 486:
.465program that was i)ut into Jack
-
Page 487 and 488:
467Mr. Brasco. Possibly. However, w
-
Page 489 and 490:
469him, arrange to get somebody els
-
Page 491 and 492:
471ainpheta.mines, or barbiturates.
-
Page 493 and 494:
473In the meantime, the Institute d
-
Page 495 and 496:
475treated in the community centers
-
Page 497 and 498:
477research on narcotics in the sam
-
Page 499 and 500:
479c 53 03E
-
Page 501 and 502:
NARCOTICS RESEARCH, REHABILITATION,
-
Page 503 and 504:
483spending for research through NI
-
Page 505 and 506:
485There has been no concerted seri
-
Page 507 and 508:
487it is left in one of their veins
-
Page 509:
489I do not think I should explain
-
Page 513 and 514:
493evidence strongly shows is that
-
Page 515 and 516:
495Chairman Pepper. One other quest
-
Page 517 and 518:
497Dr. ViLLARREAL. So, it is a biol
-
Page 519 and 520:
'.499could result in a laboratory s
-
Page 521 and 522:
5qifinds it in normal exploration.
-
Page 523 and 524:
503synthesized a large number of na
-
Page 525 and 526:
505STATEMENT OE DR. ALBERT KURLAND,
-
Page 527 and 528:
507discovered if we iiad taken the
-
Page 529 and 530:
509Mr. Perito. Dr. Kurland, do you
-
Page 531 and 532:
511Chairman Pepper. Has the Food an
-
Page 533 and 534:
513]Mr. Steiger. Do you feel from y
-
Page 535 and 536:
515In this second study there was a
-
Page 537 and 538:
517were any significant differences
-
Page 539:
519The Deceptive Communication and
-
Page 542 and 543:
.522than a State psychiatric hospit
-
Page 544 and 545:
524Department of Mental Hygiene), R
-
Page 546 and 547:
TABLE 3—COMPARISON OF THE 1ST POS
-
Page 548 and 549:
528TABLE 10—RELATIONSHIP OF AGE T
-
Page 550 and 551:
530tution and his involvement in th
-
Page 552 and 553:
Attachment No. 5;r\ N-CH,-CH=CHo ,
-
Page 554 and 555:
'-534Chart No. U (case No. 672)Disp
-
Page 556 and 557:
536Chart No. 4 (case No. 694)Illust
-
Page 558 and 559:
538Chart No. 35 {case No. 697)Excep
-
Page 560 and 561:
540This amount of heroin is roughly
-
Page 562 and 563:
5msuccessful or not in that short a
-
Page 564 and 565:
544Chairman Pepper. Would you repea
-
Page 566 and 567:
54^creased amount of licit as well
-
Page 568 and 569:
—54Sand the bureaucracy and the a
-
Page 570 and 571:
,,Mr.550you have used some of the s
-
Page 572 and 573:
552so many areas is also a pitiful
-
Page 574 and 575:
55,4nitiide of heroin addiction in
-
Page 576 and 577:
556reached $976.5 billion, we can w
-
Page 578 and 579:
558Mr. Jones was appointed to the c
-
Page 580 and 581:
560cant when you consider that Out
-
Page 582 and 583:
562criminal act in his lifetime. Ye
-
Page 584 and 585:
—564Mr. Perito. Would it be fair
-
Page 586 and 587:
566Now, Dr. Cliambers, can yon resp
-
Page 588 and 589:
—568Mr. Raxgel. Our distinguished
-
Page 590 and 591:
;-570Mr. Jones. That is correct. Ou
-
Page 592 and 593:
572the commissioner, $186 million i
-
Page 594 and 595:
574there should be something in the
-
Page 596 and 597:
576and the way in which the funds a
-
Page 598 and 599:
57SDr. Chambers. I think wliat you
-
Page 600 and 601:
580Education is the best way of pre
-
Page 602 and 603:
58-2Certain essential facts must re
-
Page 604 and 605:
584done through determined action,
-
Page 606 and 607:
586druffs, has the Nation's largest
-
Page 608 and 609:
:588To repeat, methadone maintenanc
-
Page 610 and 611:
:590I believe the Federal Governmen
-
Page 612 and 613:
:take no such satisfaction. We have
-
Page 614 and 615:
594of value in the testimony you ha
-
Page 616 and 617:
596gone ahead with several. We have
-
Page 618 and 619:
598force within our State Police De
-
Page 620 and 621:
60PRased on the proposed goal of 2.
-
Page 622 and 623:
602STATEMENT OF HON. MILTON SIIAPP,
-
Page 624 and 625:
(51)4and apprehend the wholesalers
-
Page 626 and 627:
J'606[Exhibit No. 23Prepared Statem
-
Page 628 and 629:
608Under our 1071-72 budget proposa
-
Page 630 and 631:
GIOcenters for the treatment of her
-
Page 632 and 633:
. Dr.612Bourne informs me that we h
-
Page 634 and 635:
614Governors in Atlanta to which re
-
Page 636 and 637:
616pretty bad news, because it indi
-
Page 638 and 639:
618Scientific statistical ioformati
-
Page 640 and 641:
620((')) Finally, I believe that al
-
Page 642 and 643:
622Governor Carter. I certainly rec
-
Page 644 and 645:
624programs that are now available,
-
Page 646 and 647:
626all of the top officials in the
-
Page 648 and 649:
628perhaps greater than some of the
-
Page 650 and 651:
)630tion and many others attempting
-
Page 652 and 653:
632(3) Long term residential self-h
-
Page 654 and 655:
634for the support of drug service
-
Page 656 and 657:
:636D. NARCO, Inc.Narcotics Addicti
-
Page 658 and 659:
638crimes to obtain the necessary m
-
Page 660 and 661:
640million to $25 milliou per year.
-
Page 662 and 663:
642Mr. Perito. Thank yoii. Mr. Chai
-
Page 664 and 665:
644narcotic antagonist, and the oth
-
Page 666 and 667:
646. Dr. Kramer. From what I have s
-
Page 668 and 669:
—(348your money on, but methadone
-
Page 670 and 671:
—650I know of no techinque in pri
-
Page 672 and 673:
652Dr. Kramer. Yes, sir. As a matte
-
Page 674 and 675:
:'654prison and who liave no—wlio
-
Page 676 and 677:
65GDr. KT?A:\rEij. 1 suspect tliat
-
Page 678 and 679:
658support some of the inethadone p
-
Page 680 and 681:
'6660Dr. IvKAisrKK. 1 believe that
-
Page 682 and 683:
662jrest that the Veterans' Adminis
-
Page 684 and 685:
664opiates may be ingested in sever
-
Page 686 and 687:
666(5) It suppresses the desire for
-
Page 688 and 689:
668Many people have benefited from
-
Page 690 and 691:
—G70Other researches which may di
-
Page 692 and 693:
672synthetic painkillers, our commi
-
Page 694 and 695:
074IV. A universal ban on legitimat
-
Page 696 and 697:
..676iTlius we must look to educati
-
Page 698 and 699:
678states, from Arnold Becker, publ
-
Page 700 and 701:
680However, we must look at rehabil
-
Page 702 and 703:
:682(a) The natural history of narc
-
Page 704 and 705:
684was a heavy user. The decrease i
-
Page 706 and 707:
686(13) Wallace. R. K. : Physiologi
-
Page 708 and 709:
688TABLE 9.-USE OF "HARD LIQUOR" BE
-
Page 710:
UFRAL BOOKBINDING CO. Q /-^ /-» .1
Change language