Narcotics research, rehabilitation, and treatment. Hearings, Ninety ...
Narcotics research, rehabilitation, and treatment. Hearings, Ninety ... Narcotics research, rehabilitation, and treatment. Hearings, Ninety ...
468$15, $17, and $19 million, just to give you a sense of some modestincrease in the research efforts.Mr. Perito. If I understand it correctly, in fiscal 1971, $7,987,000was spent directly by NIMH on drug abuse research; is that correct?Dr. Brown. Yes.:\Ir. Perito. And in 1972, $9,325,000 will be spent?Dr. Brown. I do not know which subfigures j^ou are adding. Oneof the issues, Mr. Perito, is that we spend approximately—the figuresyou said—$6 or $7 million in drug abuse, that is on the amphetaminesand barbiturates, heroin, cocaine, et cetera. We do have a very importantpsychopharmacolog}^ research program that looks at alldrug use and enhances our research endeavors, that $9.8 million, soAvhen we give you the figure of $17 or $19 million and that is why webroke itdoM'n, one must distinguish between the subportion, roughh'a third, that is, on drug abuse, clearly drugs of abuse, as opposed topsA'chopharmacolog}^ or drug use. So, the relationships from theresearch point of view, I am sure are clear to you.Mr. Perito. Two final questions. What was the demand for fundsthis past year for research in the area of narcotic antagonist?Dr. Brown. I do not know the answer for that. Dr. Martin, is thatsomething you are aware of?Dr. Martin. No.Dr. Brown. There was slightly more demand than we had resourcesfor. That I can say, but not a heck of a lot.Mr. Perito. So, you turned down some requests for research in thearea of antagonists?Dr. Brown. Not for antagonists per se. In relation to the antagonistswe funded all the research that has come to us or that we could find.Mr. Perito. One final question for Dr. Martin. Dr. Martin, I takeit from your testimony, that the resources available to private hidustry,insofar as laboratory facilities capable of jjerforming toxicity studiesare concerned, far exceed anj'thing our Government has available to it.Is that a fair statement?Dr. Martin. Yes; I think so.Mr. Perito. In your professional judgment, would it be worthwhilefor our Government to greatly exj^and its laboratory facilities to dotoxicity testing insofar as narcotics research is concerned?Dr. Martin. Yes; I think this woidd be most helpful and mostnecessary.Mr. Perito. Thank you. Mr. Chairman.Chairman Pepper. Mr. Blommer?Mr. Blommer. I have just one comment, Mr. Chau'man, to enlightenour record and maybe Dr. Brown. Dr. Revici has no facilities forfollowing up on the 1,700 people he has given Perse except for tht^ 2Aveeks he is in direct contact ^\ ith them. So, I tliink that CongressmanSteiger was a little bit misstating a point to saj^ that they are fine. ButI would add a note of hope and that is that the assistant coroner ofNew York (^ity has never heard Dr. Revici's name.That is all I have.Chairman Pepper. The last comment— that suggests the ])ossibilitythat if you had somebody like Dr. Revici, who might not be verygood at recordkeeping, not very good in kee])ing his files and thewritten data, would it be within the scope of your authority to help
469him, arrange to get somebody else to help hhn to perfect his records sothat you \vould be able to evaluate the })roduct that he proi)oses?Dr. Brown. Yes. We offer this type of technical assistance quiteoften.Chairman Pepper. That is good. I think when we go into that withyou, which we want to do, then we can see what it would be—whetherany help to him would be in the public interest or not.Well, any other questions, gentlemen?Doctor, we thank you very much, and Dr. Martin and the othergentlemen who have been with you. You have been very helpful to usand we will look forward to the receipt of the material that you havebeen kind enough to offer to furnish.Dr. Brown. Thank you very much.Chairman Pepper. We will adjourn until 10 o'clock tomorrow morning,here.(The following material, previously referred to, was received for therecord :)[Exhibit No. 17(d)]Prepared Statement of Dr. Bertram S. Brown, Director, National InstituteOF Mental Health, Health Services and Mental Health Administration,U.S. Department of Health, Education, and WelfareMr. Chairman and members of the committee, I appreciate this opportunity toappear before you today as Director of the Government agency which has primaryresponsibility within the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare for thenon-law-enforcement aspects of the drug-abuse problem. In addition to sponsoringa broad program of research into the drug-abuse problem, the Institute is alsofunding treatment, training, and prevention programs through public informationand education approaches. I recognize that the committee's primary interest is inthe Institute's research programs, and I will concentrate on this in my testimony.Since we regard the drug-abuse problem as a unitary one, however, I may at timesrefer to the Institute's treatment, training, and prevention efforts. I have prepareddetailed responses to the questions submitted by the committee and will be happyto submit them for the record. Instead of reading these responses, I thought Imight present the committee with an overview of the Institute's research program.I have with me Dr. William Martin, Chief of the Addiction Research Center,Lexington, Ky., who will provide the committee with more detailed 'material onthe Institute's research program into determining the abuse potential of drugsand experimenting with pharmacological methods of treating narcotic addiction.research in drug abuseThe Institute is sponsoring research regarding each of the five categories ofcommonly abused drugs: (1) Opiate drugs, also called narcotics; (2) sedative drugs,including barbiturates; (3) stimulant drugs, including amphetamines; (4) hallucinogenicdrugs, including LSD; and (5) marihuana and related drugs, such astetrahydrocannabinol. With regard to each of these drug categories, Instituteresearch projects are focused on the following topics:(a) Understanding the mechanism of action of these drugs.(b) Studying factors which affect the development of tolerance or physical dependencewhich may lead to addiction.(c) Studying the effects of these drugs of abuse in animals and humans.(d) Developing methods of detecting and quantifying abused drugs in bodytissues and fluids.(e) Developing treatment methods.In order to understand the mechanism of action of abused drugs, the Instituteis funding research on the effects of these drugs at the cellular and molecular levelsas well as on well-defined areas of the brain. In addition, studies are being carriedout to determine how the body metabilizes these drugs and which metabolitesare responsible for their psj^choactive effects.
- Page 437 and 438: 417Dr. Edwards. I suspect it at lea
- Page 439 and 440: 419On the other hand, if serious si
- Page 441 and 442: 421of the best known programs. Alth
- Page 443 and 444: 423Medical Association, American Ps
- Page 445 and 446: 425of the United States Pharmacopei
- Page 447 and 448: 4275. Repeated examinations. Physic
- Page 449 and 450: 429agement and rehabilitation of se
- Page 451 and 452: —431As the agenc.v within HEW whi
- Page 453 and 454: 433and complex acts such as driving
- Page 455 and 456: 435(Inig induces physical and psych
- Page 457 and 458: 437Chiiirmtin Pepper. Doctor, I thi
- Page 459 and 460: 439A large proportion of youngsters
- Page 461 and 462: 441Dr. Brown, what would you say is
- Page 463 and 464: 443Chairmiui Pepper. Wliat is tlie
- Page 465 and 466: 446The state of the art is promisin
- Page 467 and 468: 447Lot nie ask you first, is tlic d
- Page 469 and 470: 449Chairman Pepper. Do you happen t
- Page 471 and 472: 451want you to take a look at. We w
- Page 473 and 474: 453In addition to that, there seems
- Page 475 and 476: 455the Mfldict is having a program
- Page 477 and 478: 457—on drugs? By that I mean, vei
- Page 479 and 480: 459\\ e are basically saying, in or
- Page 481 and 482: —;461that this is the extent to w
- Page 483 and 484: 463We could go into the drug area a
- Page 485 and 486: .465program that was i)ut into Jack
- Page 487: 467Mr. Brasco. Possibly. However, w
- Page 491 and 492: 471ainpheta.mines, or barbiturates.
- Page 493 and 494: 473In the meantime, the Institute d
- Page 495 and 496: 475treated in the community centers
- Page 497 and 498: 477research on narcotics in the sam
- Page 499 and 500: 479c 53 03E
- Page 501 and 502: NARCOTICS RESEARCH, REHABILITATION,
- Page 503 and 504: 483spending for research through NI
- Page 505 and 506: 485There has been no concerted seri
- Page 507 and 508: 487it is left in one of their veins
- Page 509 and 510: 489I do not think I should explain
- Page 511 and 512: 491Dr. ViLLARREAL. Until the reflex
- Page 513 and 514: 493evidence strongly shows is that
- Page 515 and 516: 495Chairman Pepper. One other quest
- Page 517 and 518: 497Dr. ViLLARREAL. So, it is a biol
- Page 519 and 520: '.499could result in a laboratory s
- Page 521 and 522: 5qifinds it in normal exploration.
- Page 523 and 524: 503synthesized a large number of na
- Page 525 and 526: 505STATEMENT OE DR. ALBERT KURLAND,
- Page 527 and 528: 507discovered if we iiad taken the
- Page 529 and 530: 509Mr. Perito. Dr. Kurland, do you
- Page 531 and 532: 511Chairman Pepper. Has the Food an
- Page 533 and 534: 513]Mr. Steiger. Do you feel from y
- Page 535 and 536: 515In this second study there was a
- Page 537 and 538: 517were any significant differences
469him, arrange to get somebody else to help hhn to perfect his records sothat you \vould be able to evaluate the })roduct that he proi)oses?Dr. Brown. Yes. We offer this type of technical assistance quiteoften.Chairman Pepper. That is good. I think when we go into that withyou, which we want to do, then we can see what it would be—whetherany help to him would be in the public interest or not.Well, any other questions, gentlemen?Doctor, we thank you very much, <strong>and</strong> Dr. Martin <strong>and</strong> the othergentlemen who have been with you. You have been very helpful to us<strong>and</strong> we will look forward to the receipt of the material that you havebeen kind enough to offer to furnish.Dr. Brown. Thank you very much.Chairman Pepper. We will adjourn until 10 o'clock tomorrow morning,here.(The following material, previously referred to, was received for therecord :)[Exhibit No. 17(d)]Prepared Statement of Dr. Bertram S. Brown, Director, National InstituteOF Mental Health, Health Services <strong>and</strong> Mental Health Administration,U.S. Department of Health, Education, <strong>and</strong> WelfareMr. Chairman <strong>and</strong> members of the committee, I appreciate this opportunity toappear before you today as Director of the Government agency which has primaryresponsibility within the Department of Health, Education, <strong>and</strong> Welfare for thenon-law-enforcement aspects of the drug-abuse problem. In addition to sponsoringa broad program of <strong>research</strong> into the drug-abuse problem, the Institute is alsofunding <strong>treatment</strong>, training, <strong>and</strong> prevention programs through public information<strong>and</strong> education approaches. I recognize that the committee's primary interest is inthe Institute's <strong>research</strong> programs, <strong>and</strong> I will concentrate on this in my testimony.Since we regard the drug-abuse problem as a unitary one, however, I may at timesrefer to the Institute's <strong>treatment</strong>, training, <strong>and</strong> prevention efforts. I have prepareddetailed responses to the questions submitted by the committee <strong>and</strong> will be happyto submit them for the record. Instead of reading these responses, I thought Imight present the committee with an overview of the Institute's <strong>research</strong> program.I have with me Dr. William Martin, Chief of the Addiction Research Center,Lexington, Ky., who will provide the committee with more detailed 'material onthe Institute's <strong>research</strong> program into determining the abuse potential of drugs<strong>and</strong> experimenting with pharmacological methods of treating narcotic addiction.<strong>research</strong> in drug abuseThe Institute is sponsoring <strong>research</strong> regarding each of the five categories ofcommonly abused drugs: (1) Opiate drugs, also called narcotics; (2) sedative drugs,including barbiturates; (3) stimulant drugs, including amphetamines; (4) hallucinogenicdrugs, including LSD; <strong>and</strong> (5) marihuana <strong>and</strong> related drugs, such astetrahydrocannabinol. With regard to each of these drug categories, Institute<strong>research</strong> projects are focused on the following topics:(a) Underst<strong>and</strong>ing the mechanism of action of these drugs.(b) Studying factors which affect the development of tolerance or physical dependencewhich may lead to addiction.(c) Studying the effects of these drugs of abuse in animals <strong>and</strong> humans.(d) Developing methods of detecting <strong>and</strong> quantifying abused drugs in bodytissues <strong>and</strong> fluids.(e) Developing <strong>treatment</strong> methods.In order to underst<strong>and</strong> the mechanism of action of abused drugs, the Instituteis funding <strong>research</strong> on the effects of these drugs at the cellular <strong>and</strong> molecular levelsas well as on well-defined areas of the brain. In addition, studies are being carriedout to determine how the body metabilizes these drugs <strong>and</strong> which metabolitesare responsible for their psj^choactive effects.
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