Narcotics research, rehabilitation, and treatment. Hearings, Ninety ...
Narcotics research, rehabilitation, and treatment. Hearings, Ninety ... Narcotics research, rehabilitation, and treatment. Hearings, Ninety ...
:382can fulfill the vow made by the President of the United States lastnight.Mr. Ingersoll. I don't think that pledge was made in a vacuum, Mr.Bangel. I think it was made with the intent to develop the capabilityof carrying it out.Mr. Rangel. But this could not possibly be done with the restrictionspresently placed on your agency.Mr. Ingersoll. Let me point out to you, sir, section 503 of PublicLaw 91-513, subsection (b) , which saysWhen requested by the Attorney General, it shall be the duty of any agencyor Instrumentality of the Federal Government to furnish assistance, includingtechnical advice, to him for carrying out his functions under this title.I think that we have the potential in law to get the job done.Mr. Rangel. That you can enter into an enforceable treaty relationshipswith offending nations ?Mr. Ingersoll. We have already negotiated a treaty,a protocolagreement, with France, at the police level. My agency and the FrenchSurete have entered into an agreement which was signed respectivelyby the Ministerior of Interior of France, and the Attorney Generalof the United States, that formalizes a process which has gone on foryears, to exchange information, to exchange personnel, and to cooperatein every possible way.The protocol defines the authority that our people have in Franco,the authority their people stationed in the United States will have. Ihave the authority to enforce that treaty. This is the first agreement tomy knowledge that has ever been made between law enforcement agenciesof two different countries to enforce laws.Mr. Rangel. Tell me, please, how you could enforce that treaty,Mr. Ingersoll. How can I enforce the treaty ?Mr. Rangel. Right.Mr. Ingersoll. Because the responsibilities or obligations are placedon both parties, both signatories to the agreement.Mr. Rangel. If a foreign nation breaches this treaty agreement thathas been entered into by your department and their similar department,how do you enforce it ?Mr. Ingersoll. How do you enforce a breach of any treaty, anybreach of a bilateral treaty ? You complain about it. What can you dobeyond complain? In a bilateral treaty you can't carry it—or perl^aj:)?,maybe you could carry it—to the International World Court of Justice,depending upon the provisions used to negotiate treaty infractions,but this is not my field and I just can't answer your question.Mr. Rangel. I thought the Congress had the powers to advise andconsent on internationalMr. Ingersoll. This is not that land of a treaty and I can't giveyou the technical details oft' the top of my head as to why we didn'thave to go to the Senate, but I know that we were not required to do so.Mr. Rangel. My last question is that it seems as though there hasbeen some difficulty in identifying the illicit production of poppy cropsthroughout the world. Is there a problem there of identifying thesepoppyfields.Mr. Ingersoll. I am not aware of any difficulty. Tlie poppy, evenbefore the flower blooms, has a very distinctive color that readilydistinguishes it from other vegetation in the area.
, Mr.383Rangel, Will your Bureau have information as to where themajor poppyfields are throughout the world ?Mr. IxGERSOLL. Yes, sir.Mr. Raxgel. That means that you always did have the informationthat Congresman Steele and the rest brought in their dramatic report,that this information was already within your de-v\rtment.yir. IxGERSOLL. I think, certainly, the locations of poppy cultivationhave been well-known to the U.S. Government for years. And to theUnited Xations, I might add. No question about that.Mr. Raxgel. I have no further questions.Chairman Pepper. Mr. Murphy.Mr. Murphy. Mr. Ingersoll, speaking about the United Nations andInterpol in particular, do you think that we could gain anything bycontribution to Interpol ? When I was there they had a filing system onvarious people who have been arrested and tried. Now, they said theywould like to have the United States contribute more to this and putthe filing system on some kind of IBM computer.I am just wondering whether you, as a professional policeman, feelthere is anything to that suggestion? Should we be more active? Wedont" even have radio communication with them as other nations do.Mr. IxGEP^OLL. Well, ]Mr. Murphy, Interpol is, first of all, contraryto the myths that have developed around it, only an information collectingorganization.Mr. MuPiPHT. Only an information center.Mr. IxGERSOLL. its techniques are aimed at servicing the leastequipped client countries, and when I first went to Interpol I sawthe same file that you did. I saw their Morse code systems. I suggestedthat they use computers and that they use more modern communicationsfacilities, and the response that I got was, "we can't do that becausethen these underdeveloped coimtries won't be able to communicatewith us."So they have persisted in using equipment that is extremely primitiveby today's standards. What good a computer would do them, Idon't know,Mr. ]MuRPHY. Tell me this : Has your Bureau received an^^ informationfrom Interpol that has led to an arrest or helped in a convictionon this international drug traffic ?Mr. Ix'GERsoLL. Yes, indeed. My office in Paris is the primary liaisonwith Interpol, and since we have an office located right next door toInterpol, this is one of tlie reasons, over the years, why we haven't tiedinto the communications system in a large scale. But we, do receivemessages from Interpol which assist our operations, primarily inEurope.Mr. Murphy. Mr. Ingersoll, taking Mr. Rangel's line of questioning,I think what he was trying to say and what I will try to say in thisquestion, is that we in the Congress want to know in what way we canaid your Bureau and yourself in the job you are doing. Wliat can theCongress do to help in this battle to stem the tide of this heroinaddiction ?That is our function here. We want to do it and we want to hear fromyou if you have any suggestions. We want to be helpful.Mr. Ingersoll. I know you do, and I know that this was the sentimentbehind Mr. RangePs cpiestion, but I am afraid at this time I
- Page 353 and 354: NARCOTICS RESEARCH, REHABILITATION,
- Page 355 and 356: CONTENTSApril 26 1April 27 77April
- Page 357 and 358: :•vEXHIBIT NO. 4 (a) AND (b)Eddy,
- Page 359: :lovernor,vnEXHIBIT NO. 21 (a) and
- Page 362 and 363: 342have no desire to preempt the au
- Page 364 and 365: 344We hope these hearings will prov
- Page 366 and 367: 346tons in 1962 and to 155 tons in
- Page 368 and 369: 348SOUTHEAST ASIAAs you know also,
- Page 370 and 371: 350I would also point out as I did
- Page 372 and 373: 352their farmers who have been grow
- Page 374 and 375: 354told that much of the insurgency
- Page 376 and 377: 356Mr. IxGERSOLL. Well, again, Mr.
- Page 378 and 379: 358jority of the heroin problem in
- Page 380 and 381: 360years, but I have been frustrate
- Page 382 and 383: 362Mr, Steiger. If you were goin^ t
- Page 384 and 385: 364report marihuana among junior gr
- Page 386 and 387: 366And it seems to me tliat we Avou
- Page 388 and 389: ?368effectively, then maybe we will
- Page 390 and 391: 370improvement as far as the abilit
- Page 392 and 393: 372was there. Your visits probably
- Page 394 and 395: 374the purchase of Avitnesses—I s
- Page 396 and 397: :376administrations to publicly say
- Page 398 and 399: 378Chairman Pepper. We will take a
- Page 400 and 401: 380Mr. Ingersoll. No. I don't recal
- Page 404 and 405: 384have to give you the same answer
- Page 406 and 407: 386Mr. Brasco. But that is another
- Page 408 and 409: 388Mr. Ingeksoll. Well, that is the
- Page 411 and 412: NARCOTICS RESEARCH, REHABILITATION,
- Page 413 and 414: -39,3,Dr. Edwards held a surgical f
- Page 415 and 416: 395of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs
- Page 417 and 418: 397Naloxone, recently approved for
- Page 419 and 420: 399for example, who might be abusin
- Page 421 and 422: 401Now, because of our attention ha
- Page 423 and 424: 403and this is only for the investi
- Page 425 and 426: 405effects this drug will produce i
- Page 427 and 428: 407Now, if it is not used intravene
- Page 429 and 430: 409Mr. Wiggins. Dr. Jennings, does
- Page 431 and 432: 411Penicillin is good for pneumonia
- Page 433 and 434: 413Mr. R ANGEL. But from the studie
- Page 435 and 436: 415Dr. Gardner. Again, we don't hav
- Page 437 and 438: 417Dr. Edwards. I suspect it at lea
- Page 439 and 440: 419On the other hand, if serious si
- Page 441 and 442: 421of the best known programs. Alth
- Page 443 and 444: 423Medical Association, American Ps
- Page 445 and 446: 425of the United States Pharmacopei
- Page 447 and 448: 4275. Repeated examinations. Physic
- Page 449 and 450: 429agement and rehabilitation of se
- Page 451 and 452: —431As the agenc.v within HEW whi
, Mr.383Rangel, Will your Bureau have information as to where themajor poppyfields are throughout the world ?Mr. IxGERSOLL. Yes, sir.Mr. Raxgel. That means that you always did have the informationthat Congresman Steele <strong>and</strong> the rest brought in their dramatic report,that this information was already within your de-v\rtment.yir. IxGERSOLL. I think, certainly, the locations of poppy cultivationhave been well-known to the U.S. Government for years. And to theUnited Xations, I might add. No question about that.Mr. Raxgel. I have no further questions.Chairman Pepper. Mr. Murphy.Mr. Murphy. Mr. Ingersoll, speaking about the United Nations <strong>and</strong>Interpol in particular, do you think that we could gain anything bycontribution to Interpol ? When I was there they had a filing system onvarious people who have been arrested <strong>and</strong> tried. Now, they said theywould like to have the United States contribute more to this <strong>and</strong> putthe filing system on some kind of IBM computer.I am just wondering whether you, as a professional policeman, feelthere is anything to that suggestion? Should we be more active? Wedont" even have radio communication with them as other nations do.Mr. IxGEP^OLL. Well, ]Mr. Murphy, Interpol is, first of all, contraryto the myths that have developed around it, only an information collectingorganization.Mr. MuPiPHT. Only an information center.Mr. IxGERSOLL. its techniques are aimed at servicing the leastequipped client countries, <strong>and</strong> when I first went to Interpol I sawthe same file that you did. I saw their Morse code systems. I suggestedthat they use computers <strong>and</strong> that they use more modern communicationsfacilities, <strong>and</strong> the response that I got was, "we can't do that becausethen these underdeveloped coimtries won't be able to communicatewith us."So they have persisted in using equipment that is extremely primitiveby today's st<strong>and</strong>ards. What good a computer would do them, Idon't know,Mr. ]MuRPHY. Tell me this : Has your Bureau received an^^ informationfrom Interpol that has led to an arrest or helped in a convictionon this international drug traffic ?Mr. Ix'GERsoLL. Yes, indeed. My office in Paris is the primary liaisonwith Interpol, <strong>and</strong> since we have an office located right next door toInterpol, this is one of tlie reasons, over the years, why we haven't tiedinto the communications system in a large scale. But we, do receivemessages from Interpol which assist our operations, primarily inEurope.Mr. Murphy. Mr. Ingersoll, taking Mr. Rangel's line of questioning,I think what he was trying to say <strong>and</strong> what I will try to say in thisquestion, is that we in the Congress want to know in what way we canaid your Bureau <strong>and</strong> yourself in the job you are doing. Wliat can theCongress do to help in this battle to stem the tide of this heroinaddiction ?That is our function here. We want to do it <strong>and</strong> we want to hear fromyou if you have any suggestions. We want to be helpful.Mr. Ingersoll. I know you do, <strong>and</strong> I know that this was the sentimentbehind Mr. RangePs cpiestion, but I am afraid at this time I
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