Narcotics research, rehabilitation, and treatment. Hearings, Ninety ...
Narcotics research, rehabilitation, and treatment. Hearings, Ninety ... Narcotics research, rehabilitation, and treatment. Hearings, Ninety ...
366And it seems to me tliat we Avould be forced into a position of beingblackmailed by those groujos, that if we didn't pay off in large sumsof money or whatever they might desire, they would put us over thebarrel, so to speak, and continue to grow poppies and whatever theywanted; right?Mr. Ingersoll. That is correct when j^ou look at it on a worldwidebasis. Certainly the greatest amount of opium is produced illicitlyin countries where it is illegal to do it in the first place, and wherethe law is not adequately enforced.As I said in my prepared statement, we could be somewhat optimisticon the ability of the Government of Turkey to enforce a totalban because of the relative stability of that Government, for at leastthe Central Government does have control of its territory for the mostpart, particularly where opium is produced.In these areas in Southeast Asia where opium is produced in largequantities, there is a large local addict population, as well, and thegreat bulk of it, probably the majority of it, is consumed locallyin Southeast Asia. This is probably one of the reasons why it hasn'tbeen a significant problem to us before, and probably one of the reasonswhy we just haven't paid adequate attention to it before. We, likeothers, have not considered it as our problem.It is similar to the drug problem in general. Wlien it was confinedto the ghettos, it wasn't given a high resolution priority. Even thoughsome people were concerned with it 20 years ago, and predicted withastute accuracy what was going to happen if something wasn't done,this was not transformed into the necessary action to control itsspread. Now, we are faced with the same kind of circmnstances inSoutheast Asia.The more successful we are in reducing the flow of heroin or opiatealkaloids from other parts of the world, the more important thatsource is going to be as a supplier to the United States. We fully recofi-nizethis. We have been shifting our attention in that direction, butwe are still required to deal with the most immediate problem overon the other side of the world first.Mr. Winn. But you pointed out Burma, I believe, as an example,and there are some others, where we don't have any military or monetarypressure on those countries.Mr. Ingersoll. That is correct.Mr. Winn. This is what makes the problem really a tough one, inmy opinion.Mr. Ingersoll. It is an immensely tough problem, Mr. Wmn, andin the case of Burma, I think our only hope is to bring about internationalinfluence, hopefully through the United Nations.Hopefully some day Burma will permit a U.N. survey of the problemand adopt recommendations that are made. One of the resultsof this survey will be that other governments will recognize the importanceof Burma in this whole activity and governments that havemore credits with the Government of Burma than we do will use thisinfluence to bring about an improved condition.Mr. Winn. But your plan is for the long range, the long run.Mr. Ingersoll. I am concerned with both the long-range and theshort-range problem of interrupting the traffic. If we can get at the
367distribution, then we can at least keep the thing under some reasonablelevel of control until we can see the effects of the long-range programs.Mr. AVixx. Than],: you, and I commend you for your testimonytoday.Thank you. ]Mr. Chairman.Chairman Pepper. Mr. Mann.Mr. Manx. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.To what do you attribute the recent flurry of cooperation by theSouth Vietnamese Government in this problem ?Mr. Ingersoll. I think it is fair to say that they have been madepointedly aware of the nature of tlic problem.The problem has gotten increasingly worse mitil it is now at thel)oint of a crisis. The South Vietnamese Government has been informedof that and they have reacted as I have described.I should point out, too, that the white heroin that is presently beingused by our troops, first appeared on the scene about 15 months ago.Before that there had been no heroin of this kind detected in Vietnam.Mr. ]Maxx. On the domestic scene I recognize that increased personnelwill make you more effective in seizures and in controlling theillicit drug traffic of which I understand Ave now probably intercept20 percent of the illicit importations of heroin ?Mr. Ix'GERSOLL. That is somebody else's figure, Mr. Mann, not mine.Mr. Max'x\ Do you have a guess ?Mr. Ix'GERSOLL. I don't have any ; no, sir.Mr. Max^^x". Other than additional persomiel, which we all recognizeas essential, vrhat other law enforcement tools can you suggest tohandle this problem ?Mr. IxGERsoLL. We are making efforts to develop technical aids thatwill make the job of detecting drugs easier. With the implementationof Public Law 91-513, which became fully effective on May 1, we havea new legal tool that will assist us greatly.We focus our sights on the major distributors. We are solicitingand obtaining increasing support and cooperation from State andlocal police agencies in this matter, in the law enforcement area.But law enforcement deals with systems. It is the first aid agency ofsociety. It is not the curative, not the doctor, and it doesn't eliminatecauses of these problems. Our society has gotten itself into an unfortunatestate of affairs regarding drugs because it has assumed that bypassing laws and enforcing them, tlie problem will go away.So it seems to me that while you can expect the law enforcementagencies to do the first aid work, if you want a cure, then we have gotto go back to the basic causes and find out what can be done from thatend. We have to look to improved and increased rehabilitation programs.We have to find out more about drugs and why people usethem, knowing of the debilitating consequences.The cliairman mentioned the possibility of immunizing peopleagainst drug abuse. I think that this is an area well worth exploringand, as a matter of fact, my organization is exploring this possibilityat this time. I would like to get the medical practitioners of thiscountry to be interested in that area of inquiry. If we can deal withthe problem on all of the fronts that we well know, and deal with it
- Page 336 and 337: 324sections of the country, all sor
- Page 338 and 339: ;Mr.Pertto.niuch,I?,Mr. Peritq. Tha
- Page 340 and 341: 328Chairman Pepper. Mr. Steiger.Mr.
- Page 342 and 343: , Mr., In''wMr, WiNx.nltiiink tlie
- Page 344 and 345: :332"Stomach cramps" were found to
- Page 346 and 347: 'i.We334'""^li'anTOanl^ETPPEiL That
- Page 348 and 349: :))))336would be deprived of any cl
- Page 350 and 351: 338less abuse liability than agents
- Page 353 and 354: NARCOTICS RESEARCH, REHABILITATION,
- Page 355 and 356: CONTENTSApril 26 1April 27 77April
- Page 357 and 358: :•vEXHIBIT NO. 4 (a) AND (b)Eddy,
- Page 359: :lovernor,vnEXHIBIT NO. 21 (a) and
- Page 362 and 363: 342have no desire to preempt the au
- Page 364 and 365: 344We hope these hearings will prov
- Page 366 and 367: 346tons in 1962 and to 155 tons in
- Page 368 and 369: 348SOUTHEAST ASIAAs you know also,
- Page 370 and 371: 350I would also point out as I did
- Page 372 and 373: 352their farmers who have been grow
- Page 374 and 375: 354told that much of the insurgency
- Page 376 and 377: 356Mr. IxGERSOLL. Well, again, Mr.
- Page 378 and 379: 358jority of the heroin problem in
- Page 380 and 381: 360years, but I have been frustrate
- Page 382 and 383: 362Mr, Steiger. If you were goin^ t
- Page 384 and 385: 364report marihuana among junior gr
- Page 388 and 389: ?368effectively, then maybe we will
- Page 390 and 391: 370improvement as far as the abilit
- Page 392 and 393: 372was there. Your visits probably
- Page 394 and 395: 374the purchase of Avitnesses—I s
- Page 396 and 397: :376administrations to publicly say
- Page 398 and 399: 378Chairman Pepper. We will take a
- Page 400 and 401: 380Mr. Ingersoll. No. I don't recal
- Page 402 and 403: :382can fulfill the vow made by the
- Page 404 and 405: 384have to give you the same answer
- Page 406 and 407: 386Mr. Brasco. But that is another
- Page 408 and 409: 388Mr. Ingeksoll. Well, that is the
- Page 411 and 412: NARCOTICS RESEARCH, REHABILITATION,
- Page 413 and 414: -39,3,Dr. Edwards held a surgical f
- Page 415 and 416: 395of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs
- Page 417 and 418: 397Naloxone, recently approved for
- Page 419 and 420: 399for example, who might be abusin
- Page 421 and 422: 401Now, because of our attention ha
- Page 423 and 424: 403and this is only for the investi
- Page 425 and 426: 405effects this drug will produce i
- Page 427 and 428: 407Now, if it is not used intravene
- Page 429 and 430: 409Mr. Wiggins. Dr. Jennings, does
- Page 431 and 432: 411Penicillin is good for pneumonia
- Page 433 and 434: 413Mr. R ANGEL. But from the studie
- Page 435 and 436: 415Dr. Gardner. Again, we don't hav
367distribution, then we can at least keep the thing under some reasonablelevel of control until we can see the effects of the long-range programs.Mr. AVixx. Than],: you, <strong>and</strong> I commend you for your testimonytoday.Thank you. ]Mr. Chairman.Chairman Pepper. Mr. Mann.Mr. Manx. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.To what do you attribute the recent flurry of cooperation by theSouth Vietnamese Government in this problem ?Mr. Ingersoll. I think it is fair to say that they have been madepointedly aware of the nature of tlic problem.The problem has gotten increasingly worse mitil it is now at thel)oint of a crisis. The South Vietnamese Government has been informedof that <strong>and</strong> they have reacted as I have described.I should point out, too, that the white heroin that is presently beingused by our troops, first appeared on the scene about 15 months ago.Before that there had been no heroin of this kind detected in Vietnam.Mr. ]Maxx. On the domestic scene I recognize that increased personnelwill make you more effective in seizures <strong>and</strong> in controlling theillicit drug traffic of which I underst<strong>and</strong> Ave now probably intercept20 percent of the illicit importations of heroin ?Mr. Ix'GERSOLL. That is somebody else's figure, Mr. Mann, not mine.Mr. Max'x\ Do you have a guess ?Mr. Ix'GERSOLL. I don't have any ; no, sir.Mr. Max^^x". Other than additional persomiel, which we all recognizeas essential, vrhat other law enforcement tools can you suggest toh<strong>and</strong>le this problem ?Mr. IxGERsoLL. We are making efforts to develop technical aids thatwill make the job of detecting drugs easier. With the implementationof Public Law 91-513, which became fully effective on May 1, we havea new legal tool that will assist us greatly.We focus our sights on the major distributors. We are soliciting<strong>and</strong> obtaining increasing support <strong>and</strong> cooperation from State <strong>and</strong>local police agencies in this matter, in the law enforcement area.But law enforcement deals with systems. It is the first aid agency ofsociety. It is not the curative, not the doctor, <strong>and</strong> it doesn't eliminatecauses of these problems. Our society has gotten itself into an unfortunatestate of affairs regarding drugs because it has assumed that bypassing laws <strong>and</strong> enforcing them, tlie problem will go away.So it seems to me that while you can expect the law enforcementagencies to do the first aid work, if you want a cure, then we have gotto go back to the basic causes <strong>and</strong> find out what can be done from thatend. We have to look to improved <strong>and</strong> increased <strong>rehabilitation</strong> programs.We have to find out more about drugs <strong>and</strong> why people usethem, knowing of the debilitating consequences.The cliairman mentioned the possibility of immunizing peopleagainst drug abuse. I think that this is an area well worth exploring<strong>and</strong>, as a matter of fact, my organization is exploring this possibilityat this time. I would like to get the medical practitioners of thiscountry to be interested in that area of inquiry. If we can deal withthe problem on all of the fronts that we well know, <strong>and</strong> deal with it
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